Linear and Non-Linear Video and TV Applications

1 Evolving Viewing Paradigms 1

1.1 Overview of the Evolving Environment 1

1.2 New Content Sources and Sinks 14

1.3 Technology Trends (Snapshot) 23

1.4 Revenue-Generation Trends 29

1.5 General Infrastructure Implications for Service Providers 29

1.6 Scope of the Investigation 36

2 An Overview of IPv6 45

2.1 Overview and Motivations 45

2.2 Address Capabilities 50

2.2.1 IPv4 Addressing and Issues 50

2.2.2 IPv6 Address Space 51

2.3 IPv6 Protocol Overview 56

2.4 Header Compression Schemes 66

2.5 Quality of Service (QoS) in IPv6 70

2.6 Migration Strategies to IPv6 71

2.6.1 Technical Approaches 71

2.6.2 Residential Broadband Services in an IPv6 Environment 75

2.6.3 Deployment Opportunities 76

3 An Overview of IP Multicast and Multicast Principles 95

3.1 Multicast Environment 95

3.2 Basic Multicast Concepts and Protocols 98

3.3 IP Multicast Addresses 103

3.4 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) 107

4 IPv6 Multicast Approaches 115

4.1 Overview 115

4.2 IPv6 Multicast Addresses 116

4.3 Media Access Control (MAC) Layer Addresses Aspects 118

4.4 Signaling 119

4.5 Routing 119

4.6 Rendezvous Point (RP) Approaches 121

4.7 Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) 123

4.7.1 Overview of MLDv1 123

4.7.2 Message Format 124

4.7.3 Protocol Description 126

4.7.4 State Transition for Nodes 128

4.7.5 State Transition for Routers 130

4.7.6 Overview of MLDv2 132

4.7.7 Source Filtering 137

5 Evolving Traditional and Nontraditional TV Services 139

5.1 Basic Services 139

5.1.1 Distributed Content Service 140

5.1.2 Interactive Services 141

5.1.3 Public Interest Services 142

5.2 Advanced Services 142

5.2.1 Linear TV with Trick Mode 143

5.2.2 Personal Video Recorder (PVR) Services 143

5.2.3 Advertising Services 144

5.2.4 Audience Measurement Information 145

5.2.5 Interactive Services Requiring High Security 145

6 IPTV Systems and Technologies 147

6.1 Overview and Stakeholder Universe 148

6.1.1 Definitions 148

6.1.2 Services under Consideration 150

6.1.3 IPTV Stakeholder Universe 156

6.1.4 Market Scope 157

6.1.5 Multicast Mechanisms 159

6.2 IPTV Architectures and Architectural Requirements 160

6.3 QoE and QoS 166

6.3.1 QoE Aspects 166

6.3.2 QoS Aspects 173

6.4 Service Security and Content Protection 176

6.5 IPTV Networks 176

6.5.1 IPTV Multicast Frameworks 183

6.5.2 Control and Signaling Aspects 186

6.5.3 Content Delivery 187

6.6 End Systems and Interoperability Aspects 188

6.6.1 IPTV Terminal Devices 188

6.6.2 Home Network 199

6.6.3 Audience Information 202

6.7 Middleware, Application, and Content Platforms 204

6.7.1 IPTV Metadata 204

6.7.2 IPTV Middleware Architecture 206

6.7.3 Content Provisioning 208

6.7.4 Service Discovery 208

6.7.5 Service Navigation 210

6.7.6 Electronic Program Guide 212

6.7.7 User Profiles 213

6.7.8 Protocol Support Machinery for Middleware, Application, and Content Platforms 214

6.8 IPTV Standards: A Comprehensive Process 217

6.8.1 ITU-T 218

6.8.2 ATIS IPTV Interoperability Forum (IIF) 220

6.8.3 Commercial Products and Interworking 226

7 Technologies for Internet-Based TV 240

7.1 Streaming 240

7.1.1 Real-Time Transport Protocol/Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTP/RTSP) 243

7.1.2 Apple HTTP Live Streaming 248

7.1.3 HTTP Flash Progressive Download 252

7.2 Content Delivery Networks 252

7.3 P2P Networks 256

7.4 Cloud Computing 257

7.5 Core Internet Technologies 260

7.5.1 Very High-Capacity Backbone Networks, Transmission 260

7.5.2 Very High-Capacity Backbone Networks, Routing 268

7.5.3 Terrestrial Trends in Access Networks 269

7.6 Storage Technologies to Support IBTV 282

7.7 Service Provider Strategies for NTTV 294

7.7.1 Overview 294

7.7.2 Discussion 296

8 Nontraditional Video Display and Content Sources 308

8.1 NTTV Trends 308

8.2 NTTV Display Units 309

8.3 NTTV Content Sources 311

8.3.1 Hulu 316

8.3.2 Apple 316

8.3.3 Boxee 316

8.3.4 Clicker 319

8.3.5 Revision3 Internet Television 319

8.3.6 Next New Networks 321

8.3.7 UltraViolet 321

8.3.8 Netflix 322

References 323

Glossary 324

Index 390

About the Author 407