Neurobehavioral Manifestations of Neurological Diseases: Diagnosis & Treatment, An Issue of Neurologic Clinics

Name: Neurobehavioral Manifestations of Neurological Diseases: Diagnosis & Treatment, An Issue of Neurologic Clinics
Brand: Elsevier
Price: 59.99 EUR
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Alireza Minagar Glen Finney Kenneth M. Heilman(Autor*in)

Elsevier (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 19. Januar 2016

100 Seiten

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Front Cover
NeurobehavioralManifestations of Neurological Diseases:Diagnosis and Treatment
Copyright
Contributors
CONSULTING EDITOR
EDITORS
AUTHORS
Contents
Preface: Neurobehavioral Manifestations of Neurological Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment
Assessment of Mental Status
Behavioral Neurology of Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Encephalopathies
Neurobehavioral Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS: Diagnosis and Treatment
Traumatic Brain Injury and Behavior: A Practical Approach
Alzheimer's Disease: Prototype of Cognitive Deterioration, Valuable Lessons to Understand Human Cognition
Medicinal-Induced Behavior Disorders
Frontotemporal Dementia
Treatment of Cognitive Deficits in Epilepsy
Stroke and Behavior
Cognitive and Psychiatric Disturbances in Parkinsonian Syndromes
Neuropsychiatric Features in Primary Mitochondrial Disease
NEUROLOGIC CLINICS
FORTHCOMING ISSUES
May 2016
August 2016
November 2016
RECENT ISSUES
November 2015
August 2015
May 2015
Preface: Neurobehavioral Manifestations of Neurological Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment
Assessment of Mental Status
Key points
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY AND PHYSICAL
HISTORY
GENERAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
OMNIBUS-SCREENING TESTS
SPECIAL TESTS
EPISODIC MEMORY
PROPOSITIONAL LANGUAGE
ATTENTION AND VIGILANCE
VISUOSPATIAL SKILLS
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
PERFORMANCE OF PURPOSEFUL SKILLED MOVEMENTS-PRAXIS
FUNCTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT
FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT
BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT
DIAGNOSTIC WORK UP
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Behavioral Neurology of Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Encephalopathies
Key points
INTRODUCTION
COGNITIVE PROBLEMS
Information Processing
Memory
Executive Function
Emotional Intelligence
Decision-Making
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS
Depression
Anxiety
Personality Disorders
Psychotic Disorders
Substance Abuse
MANAGEMENT OF COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
SYMPTOMATIC PHARMACOTHERAPY
NONPHARMACOLOGIC COGNITIVE-ENHANCEMENT STRATEGIES
DEPRESSION
PHARMACOTHERAPY
PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
Problem-Solving Therapy
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Others
Psychosis
BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY OF AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOPATHIES
REFERENCES
Neurobehavioral Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS
Key points
INTRODUCTION
BEHAVIOR DISORDERS CAUSED BY PREEXISTING PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS
SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS
MOOD DISORDERS AND DEPRESSION
MANIA
APATHY
DELIRIUM
ANXIETY
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-ASSOCIATED NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER
CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS
TOXOPLASMOSIS ENCEPHALITIS
NEUROSYPHILIS
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1 ENCEPHALITIS
PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF MEDICATIONS USED TO TREAT HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 AND ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS
Antiretroviral Therapy Toxicity
Drugs Used to Treat Opportunistic Infections
Antipsychotic and Dopamine-blocking Drugs
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Traumatic Brain Injury and Behavior
Key points
INTRODUCTION
COGNITIVE DECLINE FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND DEMENTIA
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND EPILEPSY
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND MOOD DISORDERS
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND PSYCHOSIS
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND SUICIDE
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND TREATMENT
Posttraumatic Hypersomnia
Posttraumatic Narcolepsy
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Alzheimer's Disease
Key points
INTRODUCTION
The Spectrum of Alzheimer's disease as a Prototype of Cognitive Disorder
The Structure and Function of the Brain Change with Age
LEARNING AND MEMORY
MEMORY TYPES AND TIME COURSE OF STORAGE: SHORT-TERM VERSUS LONG-TERM MEMORY
Immediate Memory
Recent Memory
Long-term Memory
NEURAL BASIS OF MEMORY: HISTORICAL EVIDENCE
LONG-TERM MEMORY: EXPLICIT VERSUS IMPLICIT MEMORY
Implicit Memory
Explicit Memory
DECLARATIVE (EXPLICIT) VERSUS NONDECLARATIVE (IMPLICIT) MEMORY
EXPLICIT MEMORY: EPISODIC VERSUS SEMANTIC MEMORY
Episodic Memory
Semantic Memory
EXPLICIT MEMORY PROCESSING INVOLVES AT LEAST 4 DISTINCT OPERATIONS
Encoding
Storage
Consolidation
Retrieval
EPISODIC MEMORY
SEMANTIC MEMORY
EPISODIC VERSUS SEMANTIC MEMORY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BIOMARKER RESEARCH
IMPLICIT (NONDECLARATIVE) MEMORY
WORKING MEMORY
The Central Executive
The Phonological Loop
Visuospatial Sketchpad
The Episodic Buffer
MEMORY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
PRECLINICAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
PRINCIPLES OF COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT
FUNCTIONAL STATUS
THE NEUROPATHOLOGIC BASIS OF ALZHEIMER'S CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Orientation
Attention
Selective attention
Divided attention
Sustained attention
DUAL-TASK DEFICIT IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
VISUOSPATIAL FUNCTION
VISUAL GNOSIS
Posterior Cortical Atrophy: Occipital Variant of Alzheimer's Disease
ARITHMETICAL ABILITY
Praxis
Limb-kinetic apraxia
Ideomotor apraxia
Ideational (conceptual) apraxia
Dressing apraxia
Constructional apraxia
LANGUAGE DISORDERS
Language Evaluation
Spontaneous Speech
Fluency
Semantic fluency
Verbal fluency
Prosody
Paraphasia
Paragrammatic
Speech Comprehension
Naming
Repetition
Writing
Reading
Dysgraphia
Alzheimer's Disease: Involvement of Language or Working Memory?
Language and Semantic Knowledge
VISUAL FUNCTION
EXECUTIVE FUNCTION
MENTAL FLEXIBILITY
INHIBITION RESPONSE
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Medicinal-Induced Behavior Disorders
Key points
MEDICATION-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL SIDE EFFECTS
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TOXICITY
Depressed Level of Consciousness Owing to Pharmacologic Agents
Agitation Owing to Pharmacologic Agents
Serotonin Syndrome
Seizures
Workup of the Patient with Central Nervous System Toxicity
Patient Management
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL SIDE EFFECTS
Other Antihypertensive Medications
OPIOID-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL SIDE EFFECTS
Opioid Tolerance and Physical Dependence
Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia
Opioid-Induced Sedation
Opioid-Induced Sleep Disturbances
Psychomotor Performance in Opioid Therapy
ANTIBIOTIC-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL SIDE EFFECTS
Penicillins
Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Trimethoprim-Sulfonamindes
Quinolones
ANTIEPILEPTIC MEDICATION-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL SIDE EFFECTS
Forced Normalization
CLASSIC ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS
Phenytoin
Valproic Acid
Other Older Antiepileptic Drugs
Newer Antiepileptic Drugs
Vigabatrin
Lamotrigine
Gabapentin
Tiagabine
Topiramate
Levetiracetam
Zonisamide
Mechanisms of Side Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs
STEROID-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL SIDE EFFECTS
Potential Mechanisms Underlying Adverse Psychological Side Effects
Management
BEHAVIORAL SIDE EFFECTS OF MEDICATIONS TO TREAT PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Neurobiology
Diagnosis
Management
BEHAVIORAL SIDE EFFECTS OF PSYCHIATRIC MEDICATIONS
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Tardive Dyskinesia
BEHAVIORAL SIDE EFFECTS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
Antiretroviral Agents
Treatment of Psychiatric Complications Associated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL SIDE EFFECTS
Fatigue
Cognitive Dysfunction
IMMUNOTHERAPY-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL SIDE EFFECTS
Interferon-a
Etiology of Interferon-a-Induced Depression
Interferon-ß
Treatment of Interferon-Induced Depression
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Frontotemporal Dementia
Key points
OVERVIEW
Case Presentation 1
Case Presentation 2
Case Presentation 3
CASE DISCUSSION
MANIFESTATION KEY POINTS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC FACTORS
DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH KEY POINTS
MONITORING OF DISEASE ACTIVITY
TREATMENT APPROACH
REFERENCES
Treatment of Cognitive Deficits in Epilepsy
Key points
INTRODUCTION
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT OF COGNITIVE DEFICITS IN EPILEPSY
Optimizing Seizure Control
Minimizing Antiepileptic Drug Adverse Effects
Preventing Postoperative Deficits
Interictal Discharge Suppression
Treatment of Depression
Cognitive Rehabilitation
INVESTIGATIONAL TREATMENTS
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Methylphenidate
N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Antagonists
Vinpocetine
Brain Stimulation for Cognitive Enhancement
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Stroke and Behavior
Key points
EPIDEMIOLOGY
GENERAL FEATURES OF STROKE
CAVEATS ABOUT THE EVIDENCE FOR BEHAVIORAL CHANGES THAT FOLLOW STROKE
BEHAVIORAL CHANGES AFTER PEDIATRIC STROKE
POST-STROKE BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN ADULTS: GENERAL COMMENTS
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
LANGUAGE
ATTENTION
MEMORY
EMOTION
MOVEMENT
SENSATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REFERENCES
Cognitive and Psychiatric Disturbances in Parkinsonian Syndromes
Key points
INTRODUCTION
COGNITIVE AND PSYCHIATRIC DISTURBANCES IN PATIENTS WITH MILD/EARLY PARKINSON DISEASE WITHOUT DEMENTIA
DEMENTIA IN PARKINSON DISEASE AND DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTATIONS IN MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY, PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, AND CORTICOBASAL DEGENERATION
REFERENCES
Neuropsychiatric Features in Primary Mitochondrial Disease
Key points
INTRODUCTION
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC FEATURES IN PRIMARY MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE IN CHILDREN
Autism
Biochemical alterations in patients with autism
The clinical phenotype in patients with "mitochondrial autism"
In patients with autism spectrum disorder, special attention has been paid to patients with an autistic regression.
Genetics in mitochondrial autism
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC FEATURES IN PRIMARY MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE IN ADULTS
MOOD DISORDERS
Depression
Mitochondrial genetics in patients with depression
Bipolar Disorder
Mitochondrial structural and functional abnormalities in bipolar disorder
Altered markers of oxidative stress in bipolar disorder
Parent-of-origin effects in bipolar disorder
Single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes in bipolar disorder
Mitochondrial DNA deletions and copy number variations in bipolar disorder
Mitochondrial DNA mutations in bipolar disorder
Nuclear DNA mutations in bipolar disorder
Summary of mitochondrial dysfunction and affective disorders
SCHIZOPHRENIA
Mitochondrial Structural and Functional Abnormalities in Schizophrenia
Parent-of-Origin Effects in Schizophrenia
Mitochondrial DNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Synonymous Base Pair Substitutions, Haplogroups, and Mitochondrial DNA G ...
Mitochondrial DNA deletions in schizophrenia
Mitochondrial DNA mutations in psychosis and schizophrenia
ANXIETY DISORDERS
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS OF COMORBID NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS IN PATIENTS WITH MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE
Amitriptyline and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Lithium
Valproic Acid
Antipsychotics
SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Index

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