Shelter Medicine for Veterinarians and Staff

Name: Shelter Medicine for Veterinarians and Staff
Brand: Wiley-Blackwell
Price: 86.99 EUR
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Lila Miller Stephen Zawistowski(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-Blackwell (Verlag)

2. Auflage

Erschienen am 16. Oktober 2012

744 Seiten

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Inhalt

1 - Shelter Medicine for Veterinarians and Staff [Seite 3]
2 - Contents [Seite 9]
3 - Contributors [Seite 13]
4 - Acknowledgment [Seite 17]
5 - Introduction [Seite 19]
6 - Section 1 Introduction [Seite 25]
6.1 - 1 Introduction to Animal Sheltering [Seite 27]
6.1.1 - HISTORY [Seite 27]
6.1.2 - SHELTER ORGANIZATIONS [Seite 29]
6.1.3 - SHELTER SERVICES [Seite 30]
6.1.3.1 - Key Programs [Seite 31]
6.1.4 - TECHNOLOGY [Seite 33]
6.1.4.1 - Shelter Management Software [Seite 33]
6.1.4.2 - Microchips [Seite 34]
6.1.5 - CONCLUSIONS [Seite 35]
6.1.6 - REFERENCES [Seite 35]
6.2 - 2 Population Statistics [Seite 37]
6.2.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 37]
6.2.2 - COLLECTION OF SHELTER DATA [Seite 37]
6.2.3 - LEAVING SHELTERS ALIVE [Seite 38]
6.2.4 - ADOPTIONS [Seite 39]
6.2.4.1 - Adoption Metrics [Seite 39]
6.2.4.2 - Trends in Adoption "Rates" [Seite 39]
6.2.4.3 - Market Share of Dog and Cat Acquisitions in a Community [Seite 40]
6.2.4.4 - Factors Influencing Adopters' Choices [Seite 41]
6.2.4.5 - Interventions Influencing Adoption [Seite 42]
6.2.5 - RETURNS TO OWNERS [Seite 42]
6.2.6 - TRANSFERS TO OTHER SHELTERS OR RESCUE GROUPS [Seite 42]
6.2.7 - CONCLUSION [Seite 43]
6.2.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 43]
6.3 - 3 Shelter Design [Seite 45]
6.3.1 - INTRODUCTION: OVERVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS/CHALLENGES [Seite 45]
6.3.2 - PLANNING AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES [Seite 45]
6.3.3 - RETROFITTING AN EXISTING BUILDING [Seite 47]
6.3.3.1 - Dos [Seite 47]
6.3.3.2 - Don'ts [Seite 48]
6.3.4 - SPACE PLANNING AND RELATIONSHIPS [Seite 48]
6.3.5 - THE SHELTER ENVIRONMENT [Seite 50]
6.3.5.1 - Space [Seite 50]
6.3.5.2 - Sound [Seite 53]
6.3.5.3 - Light [Seite 53]
6.3.5.4 - Air (Ventilation) [Seite 54]
6.3.6 - MATERIALS IN THE SHELTER [Seite 55]
6.3.6.1 - Floors: The Most Difficult Surface to Conquer [Seite 55]
6.3.6.2 - Walls: The Second Most Challenging Surface [Seite 57]
6.3.6.3 - Ceilings: Last but not Least [Seite 58]
6.3.7 - CONCLUSION: THE SHELTER AND THE COMMUNITY [Seite 58]
6.3.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 59]
6.4 - 4 Sanitation [Seite 61]
6.4.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 61]
6.4.2 - SANITATION PROCESS [Seite 61]
6.4.3 - SANITATION PLAN [Seite 62]
6.4.3.1 - Avoiding Disease Spread [Seite 62]
6.4.3.2 - Order of Cleaning [Seite 63]
6.4.3.3 - Minimizing Animal Stress [Seite 63]
6.4.4 - WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW TO SANITIZE [Seite 63]
6.4.4.1 - Cage or Kennel Sanitation [Seite 63]
6.4.4.2 - Spot Cleaning for Cats [Seite 64]
6.4.4.3 - Group-Housed Animal Cleaning [Seite 65]
6.4.4.4 - Other Species [Seite 65]
6.4.4.5 - Cleaning Dishes, Toys, and Litter Boxes [Seite 65]
6.4.4.6 - Laundry [Seite 65]
6.4.5 - DISINFECTANT PRODUCTS [Seite 66]
6.4.5.1 - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ("Qacs" or "Quats") [Seite 66]
6.4.5.2 - Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach) [Seite 67]
6.4.5.3 - Potassium Peroxymonosulfate [Seite 67]
6.4.5.4 - Calcium Hypochlorite [Seite 67]
6.4.5.5 - Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) [Seite 67]
6.4.5.6 - Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide [Seite 67]
6.4.6 - MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS [Seite 67]
6.4.7 - PERSONAL SANITATION [Seite 68]
6.4.7.1 - HandWashing [Seite 68]
6.4.7.2 - Hand Sanitizers [Seite 68]
6.4.7.3 - Uniforms or Separate Clothing for Cleaning [Seite 68]
6.4.7.4 - Foot Baths [Seite 68]
6.4.8 - ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION [Seite 69]
6.4.9 - ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING [Seite 69]
6.4.10 - TRAINING ON SANITATION [Seite 69]
6.4.11 - CONCLUSION [Seite 70]
6.4.12 - REFERENCES [Seite 70]
6.5 - 5 Administrative Issues [Seite 73]
6.5.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 73]
6.5.2 - STAFF CONFLICT AND EMPLOYEE MANAGEMENT [Seite 73]
6.5.2.1 - Effective Communication and Active Listening [Seite 73]
6.5.2.2 - Working Together [Seite 74]
6.5.2.3 - Positive Reinforcement [Seite 74]
6.5.2.4 - Fair Play [Seite 75]
6.5.2.5 - Hiring and Firing [Seite 75]
6.5.3 - BOARDS OF DIRECTORS [Seite 76]
6.5.3.1 - The Big Picture [Seite 76]
6.5.3.2 - Politics [Seite 77]
6.5.4 - GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY [Seite 77]
6.5.5 - THE MEDIA [Seite 77]
6.5.6 - RELATIONSHIP WITH LOCAL PRIVATE PRACTITIONERS [Seite 79]
6.5.6.1 - The PrintedWord: Newsletters [Seite 79]
6.5.6.2 - Face-to-Face Interactions [Seite 79]
6.5.6.3 - Liaison Committees [Seite 80]
6.5.6.4 - Visits to the Shelter [Seite 81]
6.5.6.5 - Professional Input [Seite 81]
6.5.7 - CONCLUSION [Seite 81]
6.5.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 82]
6.6 - 6 Legal Issues for Shelters [Seite 83]
6.6.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 83]
6.6.2 - PUBLIC TRUST, NONPROFIT STATUS [Seite 83]
6.6.2.1 - Board of Directors [Seite 84]
6.6.2.2 - Tax-Exempt Status, the IRS and Form 990 [Seite 85]
6.6.3 - INSURANCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT [Seite 86]
6.6.4 - OWNERSHIP STATUS [Seite 87]
6.6.5 - VETERINARY MEDICINE PRACTICE ACTS [Seite 89]
6.6.6 - CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES, EUTHANASIA [Seite 90]
6.6.7 - HEALTH GUARANTEES, CARE OF NEWLY ADOPTED ANIMALS, TRIAL ADOPTIONS [Seite 92]
6.6.7.1 - Health Guarantees and Care of Newly Adopted Animals [Seite 92]
6.6.7.2 - Trial Adoptions [Seite 92]
6.6.8 - FOSTER HOMES [Seite 94]
6.6.9 - ADOPTION [Seite 95]
6.6.10 - CRUELTY/NEGLECT INVESTIGATIONS, MASS INTAKES, AND ANIMAL VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE [Seite 96]
6.6.10.1 - Cruelty/Neglect Investigations [Seite 96]
6.6.10.2 - Animal Hoarding [Seite 97]
6.6.10.3 - Animal Victims of Domestic Violence [Seite 97]
6.6.11 - MANDATED REPORTING OF SUSPECTED ANIMAL ABUSE AND PRIVACY LAWS [Seite 98]
6.6.11.1 - Animal Fighting [Seite 98]
6.6.12 - NATURAL DISASTERS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE [Seite 99]
6.6.12.1 - Planning and Resources [Seite 99]
6.6.12.2 - Issues of Ownership [Seite 100]
6.6.12.3 - Disasters Outside the Shelter Community [Seite 100]
6.6.13 - CHARITABLE IMMUNITY NO MORE [Seite 100]
6.6.14 - CONCLUSION [Seite 101]
6.6.15 - REFERENCES [Seite 101]
6.6.16 - Appendix 6.1 [Seite 103]
7 - Section 2 Husbandry [Seite 105]
7.1 - 7 Quality of Life, Stress, and Emotional Pain in Shelter Animals [Seite 107]
7.1.1 - WHY QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT MATTERS IN SHELTERS [Seite 107]
7.1.2 - PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL SUFFERING [Seite 108]
7.1.3 - MEASUREMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE [Seite 109]
7.1.3.1 - Behavioral Measures of Quality of Life [Seite 109]
7.1.3.2 - Measuring Stress as a Means to Determine Quality of Life [Seite 110]
7.1.3.3 - Unresolved Issues in Measurement of Quality of Life [Seite 112]
7.1.4 - HOW TO RECOGNIZE A GOOD QUALITY OF LIFE [Seite 112]
7.1.4.1 - Nine Signs of a Desirable Quality of Life [Seite 112]
7.1.5 - HOW TO RECOGNIZE WHEN A POOR QUALITY OF LIFE JUSTIFIES EUTHANASIA [Seite 113]
7.1.6 - CONCLUSION [Seite 114]
7.1.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 114]
7.2 - 8 Population Management [Seite 117]
7.2.1 - AN OVERVIEW OF POPULATION MANAGEMENT [Seite 117]
7.2.1.1 - What Is Population Management? [Seite 117]
7.2.1.2 - Risk [Seite 117]
7.2.1.3 - Community-Level Population Management [Seite 118]
7.2.1.4 - Shelter-Level Population Management [Seite 119]
7.2.1.5 - Capacity for Care [Seite 120]
7.2.1.6 - Efficiency and Length of Stay [Seite 120]
7.2.1.7 - Planning and Review Are Essential to Management [Seite 121]
7.2.2 - PATHWAY PLANNING AND ANIMAL FLOW-THROUGH [Seite 121]
7.2.2.1 - Critical Flow-Through Points [Seite 122]
7.2.2.2 - The Planning Process [Seite 122]
7.2.2.3 - Intake and Outcome Planning [Seite 124]
7.2.3 - DAILY ROUNDS [Seite 127]
7.2.3.1 - Supervision of Daily Rounds and Population Management [Seite 127]
7.2.3.2 - A Systematic Approach [Seite 127]
7.2.4 - EVALUATING CAPACITY FOR CARE [Seite 128]
7.2.4.1 - Minimums and Maximums [Seite 128]
7.2.4.2 - Basic Capacity Calculations [Seite 129]
7.2.4.3 - Using the Calculations [Seite 130]
7.2.5 - CONCLUSION [Seite 136]
7.2.6 - REFERENCES [Seite 136]
7.3 - 9 Canine Care in the Animal Shelter [Seite 139]
7.3.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 139]
7.3.2 - UNDERSTANDING DOGS [Seite 139]
7.3.2.1 - Dog Senses [Seite 140]
7.3.2.2 - Life Span [Seite 141]
7.3.2.3 - Reproduction [Seite 141]
7.3.2.4 - Behavior [Seite 141]
7.3.3 - INTAKE CONSIDERATIONS [Seite 142]
7.3.3.1 - Physical Examination [Seite 142]
7.3.3.2 - Vaccinations [Seite 147]
7.3.3.3 - Grooming [Seite 154]
7.3.3.4 - Dental Care [Seite 156]
7.3.4 - SPECIAL CARE CONSIDERATIONS [Seite 156]
7.3.4.1 - Care for Geriatric Dogs [Seite 156]
7.3.4.2 - Orphans, Bitches with Litters, and Neonates [Seite 156]
7.3.4.3 - Other Conditions [Seite 157]
7.3.5 - HOUSING [Seite 157]
7.3.5.1 - General Housing Considerations [Seite 158]
7.3.6 - SANITATION [Seite 163]
7.3.6.1 - Nutrition [Seite 164]
7.3.6.2 - Evaluating Food Quality [Seite 164]
7.3.6.3 - Amounts to Feed [Seite 165]
7.3.7 - CONCLUSION [Seite 166]
7.3.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 166]
7.4 - 10 Feline Care in the Animal Shelter [Seite 169]
7.4.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 169]
7.4.1.1 - Understanding Cats [Seite 169]
7.4.1.2 - Providing Proper Husbandry for Cats in the Shelter [Seite 169]
7.4.2 - CONSIDERATIONS AT INTAKE [Seite 170]
7.4.2.1 - Stress Reduction [Seite 170]
7.4.2.2 - Handling and Physical Examination [Seite 171]
7.4.2.3 - Identification (Collars/Tags, Microchips) [Seite 174]
7.4.2.4 - Vaccination [Seite 175]
7.4.2.5 - Parasite Control/Prevention [Seite 180]
7.4.2.6 - Disease Testing [Seite 186]
7.4.3 - GROOMING [Seite 188]
7.4.4 - NUTRITION AND FEEDING [Seite 188]
7.4.4.1 - When to Feed [Seite 188]
7.4.4.2 - How to Feed [Seite 189]
7.4.4.3 - How Much to Feed [Seite 189]
7.4.4.4 - What to Feed [Seite 189]
7.4.4.5 - Monitoring [Seite 191]
7.4.4.6 - Anorexia (Cats WhoWill Not Eat) [Seite 191]
7.4.4.7 - Food Aversion [Seite 191]
7.4.4.8 - Obese Cats [Seite 192]
7.4.4.9 - Starved Cats [Seite 192]
7.4.5 - REPRODUCTION [Seite 193]
7.4.5.1 - Pregnancy Diagnosis [Seite 193]
7.4.5.2 - Birth of Kittens (Parturition or "Queening") [Seite 194]
7.4.5.3 - Spay/Neuter [Seite 194]
7.4.6 - ORPHAN KITTENS [Seite 194]
7.4.7 - WEANING [Seite 195]
7.4.7.1 - Fading Kittens [Seite 195]
7.4.8 - HOUSING [Seite 196]
7.4.8.1 - Housing Considerations [Seite 196]
7.4.8.2 - Monitoring [Seite 202]
7.4.9 - PAIN RECOGNITION [Seite 204]
7.4.10 - TOXICOLOGY [Seite 204]
7.4.11 - CONCLUSION [Seite 204]
7.4.12 - REFERENCES [Seite 205]
7.5 - 11 The Care of Small Mammals in the Animal Shelter [Seite 209]
7.5.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 209]
7.5.2 - FERRETS [Seite 209]
7.5.2.1 - Anatomy, Physiology, and Husbandry [Seite 209]
7.5.2.2 - General Veterinary Care [Seite 212]
7.5.2.3 - Adoption Issues [Seite 215]
7.5.3 - RABBITS [Seite 215]
7.5.3.1 - Anatomy, Physiology, and Husbandry [Seite 215]
7.5.3.2 - General Veterinary Care [Seite 217]
7.5.4 - GUINEA PIGS [Seite 221]
7.5.4.1 - Anatomy, Physiology, and Husbandry [Seite 221]
7.5.4.2 - General Veterinary Care [Seite 222]
7.5.5 - CONCLUSION [Seite 224]
7.5.6 - REFERENCES [Seite 224]
7.6 - 12 Reptile and Amphibian Care in the Animal Shelter [Seite 225]
7.6.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 225]
7.6.2 - SHELTER POLICIES [Seite 225]
7.6.3 - BASIC SHORT-TERM HUSBANDRY AT THE SHELTER [Seite 226]
7.6.3.1 - Identification and Medical Records [Seite 226]
7.6.3.2 - Reptile and Amphibian Housing Area [Seite 226]
7.6.3.3 - Quarantine [Seite 227]
7.6.3.4 - Sanitation [Seite 227]
7.6.3.5 - Enclosure Design [Seite 227]
7.6.3.6 - Food and Water [Seite 230]
7.6.4 - INITIAL ASSESSMENT [Seite 232]
7.6.4.1 - History [Seite 233]
7.6.4.2 - Warmth and Shelter [Seite 233]
7.6.4.3 - Physical Examination [Seite 233]
7.6.4.4 - Radiographs [Seite 233]
7.6.4.5 - Laboratory Samples [Seite 233]
7.6.4.6 - Fluids [Seite 233]
7.6.4.7 - Antibiotics [Seite 234]
7.6.4.8 - Analgesics [Seite 234]
7.6.4.9 - Salmonellosis [Seite 235]
7.6.5 - SNAKES [Seite 235]
7.6.5.1 - Physical Examination [Seite 235]
7.6.5.2 - Nutritional Status [Seite 235]
7.6.5.3 - Determining the Sex of Snakes [Seite 235]
7.6.5.4 - Phlebotomy [Seite 236]
7.6.5.5 - Common Problems [Seite 236]
7.6.6 - LIZARDS [Seite 238]
7.6.6.1 - Physical Examination [Seite 238]
7.6.6.2 - Nutritional Status [Seite 238]
7.6.6.3 - Determining the Sex of a Lizard [Seite 239]
7.6.6.4 - Phlebotomy [Seite 239]
7.6.6.5 - Common Problems [Seite 239]
7.6.7 - TURTLES, TERRAPINS, AND TORTOISES [Seite 240]
7.6.7.1 - Physical Examination [Seite 240]
7.6.7.2 - Nutritional Status [Seite 241]
7.6.7.3 - Determining the Sex of Turtles [Seite 241]
7.6.7.4 - Phlebotomy [Seite 241]
7.6.7.5 - Common Problems [Seite 241]
7.6.8 - ALLIGATORS AND CROCODILES [Seite 243]
7.6.8.1 - Physical Examination [Seite 243]
7.6.8.2 - Nutritional Status [Seite 243]
7.6.8.3 - Phlebotomy [Seite 243]
7.6.8.4 - Common Problems [Seite 243]
7.6.9 - AMPHIBIANS (FROGS AND SALAMANDERS) [Seite 243]
7.6.9.1 - Physical Examination [Seite 243]
7.6.9.2 - Nutritional Status [Seite 244]
7.6.9.3 - Determining the Sex of Amphibians [Seite 244]
7.6.9.4 - Phlebotomy [Seite 244]
7.6.9.5 - Common Problems [Seite 244]
7.6.10 - EUTHANASIA METHODS [Seite 245]
7.6.11 - REPTILE AND AMPHIBIAN PLACEMENT [Seite 245]
7.6.12 - CONCLUSION [Seite 246]
7.6.13 - REFERENCES [Seite 246]
7.7 - 13 Avian Care in the Animal Shelter [Seite 249]
7.7.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 249]
7.7.2 - SPECIES [Seite 250]
7.7.3 - HUSBANDRY [Seite 250]
7.7.3.1 - Housing [Seite 250]
7.7.3.2 - Diet [Seite 253]
7.7.4 - HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION [Seite 253]
7.7.4.1 - The History [Seite 254]
7.7.4.2 - Physical Examination [Seite 254]
7.7.4.3 - Guidelines for Disease Management [Seite 255]
7.7.5 - INFECTIOUS DISEASE [Seite 255]
7.7.5.1 - Viral Diseases [Seite 255]
7.7.5.2 - Bacteria and Other Infectious Causes of Disease [Seite 258]
7.7.5.3 - Parasites [Seite 260]
7.7.6 - NEOPLASIA [Seite 262]
7.7.7 - NUTRITIONAL/METABOLIC DISORDERS [Seite 262]
7.7.7.1 - Chronic Liver Disease [Seite 262]
7.7.7.2 - Renal Disease [Seite 263]
7.7.7.3 - Atherosclerosis [Seite 263]
7.7.7.4 - Hypovitaminosis A [Seite 263]
7.7.7.5 - Hypocalcemia [Seite 263]
7.7.7.6 - Scissors Beak [Seite 263]
7.7.7.7 - Other Conditions [Seite 264]
7.7.8 - BEHAVIOR [Seite 265]
7.7.8.1 - Foraging Toys [Seite 267]
7.7.9 - CONCLUSION [Seite 267]
7.7.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 268]
7.7.11 - Appendix 13.1 [Seite 269]
7.8 - 14 Temporary Care ofWildlife in the Animal Shelter [Seite 271]
7.8.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 271]
7.8.2 - PREVENTIVE MEDICINE [Seite 271]
7.8.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS [Seite 271]
7.8.4 - CREATE AN OPERATING FRAMEWORK [Seite 272]
7.8.4.1 - Admission Protocols [Seite 272]
7.8.5 - LEGALITIES [Seite 272]
7.8.6 - TRAINING [Seite 273]
7.8.7 - STRESS [Seite 273]
7.8.8 - ANIMAL HANDLING [Seite 274]
7.8.8.1 - General Guidelines for Handling Birds [Seite 274]
7.8.8.2 - Handling Small- and Medium-Sized Mammals [Seite 276]
7.8.9 - RECORD KEEPING [Seite 277]
7.8.10 - THE INITIAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION [Seite 277]
7.8.11 - SUPPORTIVE CARE AND FIRST AID [Seite 278]
7.8.11.1 - Bleeding [Seite 278]
7.8.11.2 - Shock [Seite 278]
7.8.11.3 - Hypothermia [Seite 278]
7.8.11.4 - Dehydration [Seite 278]
7.8.11.5 - Feeding [Seite 280]
7.8.12 - TEMPORARY HOUSING [Seite 280]
7.8.12.1 - Housing [Seite 281]
7.8.13 - DISEASE TRANSMISSION [Seite 281]
7.8.13.1 - Zoonoses [Seite 282]
7.8.14 - CONCLUSION [Seite 284]
7.8.15 - REFERENCES [Seite 284]
7.8.16 - Appendix 14.1 [Seite 285]
7.8.17 - Appendix 14.2 [Seite 286]
7.9 - 15 Equine Care in the Animal Shelter [Seite 287]
7.9.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 287]
7.9.2 - BASIC EQUINE BIOLOGY [Seite 287]
7.9.3 - FIRST CONSIDERATIONS UPON INTAKE [Seite 288]
7.9.3.1 - Initial Examination [Seite 288]
7.9.3.2 - Behavioral Assessment [Seite 289]
7.9.3.3 - Preventative Care [Seite 290]
7.9.4 - THE SENIOR HORSE [Seite 290]
7.9.5 - CARE OF HORSES HOUSED AT THE SHELTER [Seite 292]
7.9.5.1 - Regular Maintenance [Seite 292]
7.9.5.2 - Special Needs [Seite 295]
7.9.6 - EUTHANASIA [Seite 296]
7.9.7 - MEDWCriteria Expanded for Chronic Conditions [Seite 297]
7.9.7.1 - Euthanasia Procedures [Seite 298]
7.9.8 - REHOMING THE RESCUED EQUINE [Seite 298]
7.9.8.1 - Some Considerations on Adoptability [Seite 298]
7.9.8.2 - Advertising [Seite 298]
7.9.8.3 - Interviewing Prospective New Owners [Seite 299]
7.9.8.4 - The Transaction and Follow-up [Seite 299]
7.9.9 - CONCLUSION [Seite 299]
7.9.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 299]
7.9.11 - Appendix 15.1 [Seite 301]
8 - Section 3 Infectious Disease [Seite 303]
8.1 - 16 Strategies for Management of Infectious Diseases in a Shelter [Seite 305]
8.1.1 - THREE AIMS OF INFECTION CONTROL [Seite 305]
8.1.1.1 - Aim One-Host Susceptibility [Seite 306]
8.1.1.2 - Aim Two-Optimizing Shelter Animals' Ability to Resist Diseases [Seite 306]
8.1.1.3 - Aim Three-Decreasing Exposure to Pathogens in the Shelter [Seite 307]
8.1.2 - CONCLUSION [Seite 309]
8.1.3 - REFERENCES [Seite 309]
8.2 - 17 Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases in Shelter Populations [Seite 311]
8.2.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 311]
8.2.2 - EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONCEPTS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE [Seite 311]
8.2.2.1 - Agent, Host, Environmental Determinants of Disease [Seite 311]
8.2.2.2 - Modes of Transmission [Seite 312]
8.2.2.3 - Importance of the Carrier State [Seite 314]
8.2.2.4 - Other Important Epidemiologic Concepts [Seite 314]
8.2.2.5 - Patterns of Disease Occurrence [Seite 315]
8.2.3 - MONITORING THE HEALTH OF A POPULATION [Seite 315]
8.2.3.1 - Introduction [Seite 315]
8.2.3.2 - Collecting Data Regarding Disease and Factors Affecting Disease in Shelters [Seite 316]
8.2.3.3 - Disease Surveillance [Seite 316]
8.2.3.4 - Types of Data and Reports to Consider When Monitoring Shelter Population Health [Seite 318]
8.2.3.5 - Sharing of the Summaries and Reports [Seite 319]
8.2.4 - CONCLUSION [Seite 319]
8.2.5 - REFERENCES [Seite 320]
8.3 - 18 Practical Overview of Common Infectious Disease Agents [Seite 321]
8.3.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 321]
8.3.2 - GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE [Seite 321]
8.3.2.1 - Viral Pathogens [Seite 321]
8.3.2.2 - Bacterial Pathogens [Seite 328]
8.3.2.3 - Protozoal Parasites [Seite 329]
8.3.3 - RESPIRATORY DISEASES [Seite 333]
8.3.3.1 - Canine Viral Pathogens [Seite 333]
8.3.3.2 - Primary Bacterial Pathogens [Seite 338]
8.3.4 - INTEGUMENTARY INFECTIONS [Seite 340]
8.3.4.1 - Sarcoptic Mange [Seite 340]
8.3.4.2 - Demodectic Mange [Seite 340]
8.3.4.3 - Dermatophytosis [Seite 341]
8.3.4.4 - Fleas [Seite 342]
8.3.4.5 - Ticks [Seite 342]
8.3.4.6 - Ear Mites [Seite 343]
8.3.5 - RETROVIRUSES [Seite 344]
8.3.5.1 - Feline Immunodeficiency Virus [Seite 344]
8.3.5.2 - Feline Leukemia Virus [Seite 344]
8.3.6 - ZOONOSES [Seite 345]
8.3.6.1 - Rabies [Seite 346]
8.3.6.2 - Bartonella [Seite 346]
8.3.7 - CONCLUSION [Seite 348]
8.3.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 348]
8.4 - 19 Disease Recognition and Diagnostic Testing [Seite 353]
8.4.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 353]
8.4.2 - WHAT IS A DIAGNOSTIC TEST? [Seite 353]
8.4.3 - TYPES OF COMMONLY USED DIAGNOSTIC TESTS [Seite 353]
8.4.3.1 - Serology [Seite 354]
8.4.3.2 - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay [Seite 354]
8.4.3.3 - Polymerase Chain Reaction [Seite 354]
8.4.3.4 - Culture [Seite 355]
8.4.3.5 - Necropsy/Biopsy [Seite 355]
8.4.4 - ACCURACY OF TESTS [Seite 355]
8.4.4.1 - Terminology: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value [Seite 355]
8.4.4.2 - Evaluating Test Accuracy [Seite 356]
8.4.4.3 - Effect of Test Strategy on Accuracy [Seite 357]
8.4.4.4 - Beyond Sensitivity and Specificity: Other Factors Influencing Test Accuracy [Seite 357]
8.4.5 - INDICATIONS FOR TESTING IN SHELTER ANIMALS [Seite 359]
8.4.5.1 - The Risk of Testing [Seite 359]
8.4.5.2 - The Risk of Not Testing [Seite 360]
8.4.6 - WHICH ANIMALS SHOULD BE TESTED? [Seite 360]
8.4.6.1 - Screening Tests [Seite 361]
8.4.6.2 - Surveillance Testing [Seite 361]
8.4.6.3 - Testing in Outbreaks [Seite 361]
8.4.6.4 - Number of Animals to Test [Seite 362]
8.4.6.5 - Timing and Selection of Test Animals [Seite 362]
8.4.7 - INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS [Seite 362]
8.4.8 - TRAINING AND DOCUMENTATION [Seite 363]
8.4.9 - CONCLUSION [Seite 363]
8.4.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 363]
8.4.11 - Appendix 19.1 [Seite 364]
8.5 - 20 Treatment Strategies [Seite 367]
8.5.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 367]
8.5.2 - POLICY AND PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT AND OVERSIGHT [Seite 367]
8.5.2.1 - Treatment Considerations [Seite 369]
8.5.3 - CONCLUSION [Seite 372]
8.5.4 - REFERENCES [Seite 372]
8.5.5 - Appendix 20.1 Shelter Medicine Resources [Seite 372]
8.6 - 21 Outbreak Management [Seite 373]
8.6.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 373]
8.6.2 - INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAKS [Seite 373]
8.6.3 - OUTBREAK MANAGEMENT PLANS [Seite 374]
8.6.4 - OUTBREAK PREVENTION [Seite 375]
8.6.5 - OUTBREAK DETECTION [Seite 375]
8.6.6 - OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION [Seite 376]
8.6.6.1 - Define and Identify Cases [Seite 376]
8.6.6.2 - Diagnosis [Seite 376]
8.6.6.3 - Data Collection [Seite 377]
8.6.7 - OUTBREAK EPIDEMIOLOGY [Seite 377]
8.6.7.1 - Attack Rates [Seite 378]
8.6.7.2 - Epidemic Curves [Seite 379]
8.6.8 - CONTROL MEASURES [Seite 382]
8.6.8.1 - Enhance Disease Surveillance [Seite 382]
8.6.8.2 - Separate Infected and Exposed Animals [Seite 383]
8.6.8.3 - Risk and Exposure Assessment [Seite 383]
8.6.8.4 - Clean and Disinfect [Seite 385]
8.6.8.5 - Protect At-Risk Animals [Seite 385]
8.6.8.6 - Protect At-Risk People [Seite 385]
8.6.8.7 - Protect Incoming Animals [Seite 385]
8.6.9 - DECISION MAKING [Seite 386]
8.6.9.1 - Animals in the Community [Seite 386]
8.6.9.2 - Animals Entering the Shelter [Seite 386]
8.6.9.3 - Quarantining a Shelter [Seite 387]
8.6.9.4 - Requesting Assistance from Shelter Medicine Experts [Seite 387]
8.6.9.5 - Requesting Assistance from Public Health Authorities [Seite 387]
8.6.10 - WORKING WITH THE MEDIA [Seite 388]
8.6.11 - COMMUNITY CONSIDERATIONS [Seite 388]
8.6.11.1 - Zoonotic Disease Concerns [Seite 389]
8.6.12 - CONCLUSION [Seite 389]
8.6.13 - REFERENCES [Seite 389]
8.6.14 - Appendix 21.1 [Seite 391]
9 - Section 4 Animal Cruelty [Seite 393]
9.1 - 22 Overview of Animal Cruelty Laws [Seite 395]
9.1.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 395]
9.1.2 - ANIMAL CRUELTY LAWS [Seite 395]
9.1.2.1 - Felony and Misdemeanor Cruelty [Seite 395]
9.1.2.2 - Neglect: Failure to Provide Necessary Veterinary Care [Seite 396]
9.1.2.3 - Animal "Endangerment" [Seite 397]
9.1.2.4 - Dog Tethering/Chaining Laws [Seite 398]
9.1.2.5 - "Crush Video" Law [Seite 399]
9.1.2.6 - Cosmetic Surgery and Microchipping [Seite 399]
9.1.2.7 - Animal Fighting [Seite 399]
9.1.2.8 - "Puppy Mill," Pet Store, and Breeder Laws [Seite 400]
9.1.2.9 - "Unfit Owner" Laws [Seite 401]
9.1.2.10 - "No-Animal" and Restraining Orders [Seite 402]
9.1.2.11 - Animal Abuse Registries [Seite 402]
9.1.3 - SHELTER EUTHANASIA LAW AND POLICIES [Seite 403]
9.1.3.1 - Euthanasia in Shelters [Seite 403]
9.1.3.2 - The Cost of Caring for Abused Animals [Seite 403]
9.1.4 - THE VETERINARY ROLE IN HANDLING ANIMAL CRUELTY [Seite 404]
9.1.4.1 - Mandated Reporting of Suspected Animal Cruelty [Seite 404]
9.1.4.2 - Testifying in Court and the "CSI Effect" [Seite 404]
9.1.5 - CRUELTY EXCEPTIONS: COMMON HUSBANDRY OR AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES [Seite 404]
9.1.6 - CONCLUSION [Seite 405]
9.1.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 405]
9.2 - 23 Veterinary Forensics: Medical Evaluation of Abused Live Animals [Seite 407]
9.2.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 407]
9.2.2 - ANTICRUELTY LAW [Seite 407]
9.2.3 - VETERINARY PARTICIPATION IN ANIMAL CRUELTY CASES [Seite 407]
9.2.3.1 - Types of Cases [Seite 408]
9.2.3.2 - Reasons a Veterinarian May Suspect Animal Abuse [Seite 408]
9.2.3.3 - Making a Good-Faith Report of Suspected Animal Abuse [Seite 409]
9.2.4 - ANIMAL CRUELTY AND FAMILY VIOLENCE [Seite 409]
9.2.5 - THE VETERINARY ROLE IN ANIMAL CRUELTY CASES [Seite 410]
9.2.5.1 - Forensic Veterinary Medical Evaluation of Suspected Victims of Animal Cruelty [Seite 410]
9.2.6 - TYPES OF ANIMAL ABUSE [Seite 419]
9.2.6.1 - Types of Abuse: Neglect [Seite 419]
9.2.6.2 - Types of Abuse: Nonaccidental Injury [Seite 423]
9.2.6.3 - Documentation of Medical Findings [Seite 425]
9.2.6.4 - Veterinary Statement of Findings [Seite 426]
9.2.6.5 - Medical Record Certification [Seite 426]
9.2.6.6 - Testimony as Expert [Seite 426]
9.2.7 - CONCLUSION [Seite 427]
9.2.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 427]
9.2.9 - Appendix 23.1 [Seite 429]
9.2.10 - Appendix 23.2 [Seite 430]
9.3 - 24 Examination of the Deceased Victim [Seite 431]
9.3.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 431]
9.3.2 - DETERMINING NONACCIDENTAL INJURY [Seite 431]
9.3.3 - EVIDENCE COLLECTION [Seite 432]
9.3.3.1 - Chain of Custody of the Evidence [Seite 432]
9.3.4 - PHOTOGRAPHY [Seite 432]
9.3.5 - GROSS NECROPSY: THE EXTERNAL EXAM [Seite 433]
9.3.5.1 - Trace Evidence [Seite 433]
9.3.5.2 - Collection of DNA Evidence [Seite 434]
9.3.6 - DETERMINING THE POSTMORTEM INTERVAL (PMI): FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY [Seite 435]
9.3.6.1 - Documentation and Collection of Entomological Evidence [Seite 435]
9.3.7 - POSTMORTEM CHANGES [Seite 437]
9.3.7.1 - Livor Mortis [Seite 437]
9.3.7.2 - Rigor Mortis [Seite 437]
9.3.7.3 - Algor Mortis [Seite 438]
9.3.7.4 - Decomposition [Seite 439]
9.3.8 - NECROPSY TECHNIQUE: THE INTERNAL EXAM [Seite 440]
9.3.9 - NONTISSUE SAMPLE COLLECTION [Seite 441]
9.3.10 - VITREOUS [Seite 441]
9.3.11 - ANTEMORTEM VS. POSTMORTEM INJURY = DATING INJURIES [Seite 442]
9.3.12 - CONTUSIONS [Seite 443]
9.3.13 - RECORDING THE INJURIES [Seite 443]
9.3.14 - THERAPEUTIC OR DIAGNOSTIC WOUNDS [Seite 443]
9.3.15 - HANDLING THE BODY AFTER EXAMINATION [Seite 443]
9.3.16 - CONCLUSION [Seite 443]
9.3.17 - REFERENCES [Seite 444]
9.3.18 - Appendix 24.1 [Seite 444]
9.4 - 25 Forensic Toxicology [Seite 445]
9.4.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 445]
9.4.1.1 - Demographics and Index of Suspicion [Seite 445]
9.4.1.2 - Clinical Findings [Seite 446]
9.4.1.3 - Necropsy [Seite 446]
9.4.1.4 - History [Seite 446]
9.4.1.5 - Diagnosis [Seite 449]
9.4.1.6 - Agents Used in Poisonings [Seite 450]
9.4.2 - DEALING WITH ANIMALS FOUND IN METHAMPHETAMINE LABORATORIES [Seite 450]
9.4.2.1 - Background Information [Seite 450]
9.4.2.2 - Initial Response [Seite 451]
9.4.2.3 - Decontamination [Seite 452]
9.4.2.4 - Examination of the Patient [Seite 452]
9.4.2.5 - Long-Term Effects [Seite 453]
9.4.3 - CONCLUSION [Seite 453]
9.4.4 - REFERENCES [Seite 453]
9.5 - 26 Animal Hoarding [Seite 455]
9.5.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 455]
9.5.1.1 - What Does Hoarding Look Like? [Seite 455]
9.5.1.2 - Who Are Animal Hoarders? [Seite 455]
9.5.1.3 - Why Hoarders Hoard Animals? [Seite 457]
9.5.1.4 - Responding to an Animal Hoarding Case [Seite 458]
9.5.2 - CONCLUSION [Seite 462]
9.5.3 - REFERENCES [Seite 462]
9.6 - 27 Animal Fighting [Seite 465]
9.6.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 465]
9.6.2 - WHAT IS DOGFIGHTING? [Seite 465]
9.6.2.1 - A Brief History of Dogfighting [Seite 466]
9.6.2.2 - Dogfighting Comes to America [Seite 466]
9.6.3 - DOGFIGHTING TODAY [Seite 467]
9.6.3.1 - Reasons for Involvement in Dogfighting [Seite 467]
9.6.3.2 - The People [Seite 467]
9.6.3.3 - The Dogs [Seite 468]
9.6.3.4 - Breeding, Raising, and Training Fighting Dogs [Seite 468]
9.6.4 - THE ROLE OF VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS IN RESPONDING TO DOGFIGHTING [Seite 470]
9.6.4.1 - The Veterinary Role in a Dogfight Raid/Rescue [Seite 470]
9.6.4.2 - Medical Assessment and Treatment [Seite 471]
9.6.5 - COCKFIGHTING [Seite 474]
9.6.5.1 - The Animals [Seite 474]
9.6.5.2 - The Fight [Seite 475]
9.6.5.3 - The Role of the Veterinarian [Seite 475]
9.6.6 - CONCLUSION [Seite 476]
9.6.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 476]
9.7 - 28 Equine Cruelty [Seite 477]
9.7.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 477]
9.7.2 - OVERVIEW OF EQUINE CRUELTY [Seite 477]
9.7.3 - EVALUATING ABUSE AND NEGLECT [Seite 478]
9.7.3.1 - Body Condition Scoring [Seite 478]
9.7.3.2 - Examination of the Horse [Seite 479]
9.7.4 - CARE OF THE STARVED HORSE [Seite 480]
9.7.5 - ACTIVE ABUSE [Seite 481]
9.7.6 - HUMANE CONCERNS [Seite 481]
9.7.6.1 - Carriage horses [Seite 481]
9.7.6.2 - Soring [Seite 482]
9.7.6.3 - Interfering with Tails [Seite 482]
9.7.6.4 - Safety Concerns in Equine Sports [Seite 482]
9.7.7 - CONCLUSION [Seite 482]
9.7.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 483]
9.7.9 - Appendix 28.1 [Seite 484]
10 - Section 5 Shelter Programs [Seite 485]
10.1 - 29 Emergency Medicine in the Animal Shelter [Seite 487]
10.1.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 487]
10.1.2 - SPECIFICS OF IN-SHELTER EMERGENCY CARE [Seite 487]
10.1.2.1 - Who Can Provide Emergency Medical Care in the Shelter? [Seite 488]
10.1.2.2 - Triage and Basic Supportive Care [Seite 488]
10.1.3 - BASIC EMERGENCY SUPPLIES NEEDED [Seite 489]
10.1.3.1 - Formulary [Seite 489]
10.1.3.2 - Supplies [Seite 489]
10.1.4 - CREATIVITY IN THE FACE OF LIMITATIONS [Seite 489]
10.1.5 - EQUIPMENT ACQUISITIONS [Seite 490]
10.1.6 - HUMANE EUTHANASIA [Seite 491]
10.1.7 - MEDICAL RECORDS AND DOCUMENTATION [Seite 492]
10.1.8 - CONCLUSION [Seite 492]
10.1.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 492]
10.2 - 30 Euthanasia [Seite 493]
10.2.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 493]
10.2.2 - CRITERIA FOR EUTHANASIA IN SHELTERS [Seite 493]
10.2.3 - EUTHANASIA IN PRIVATE PRACTICES VERSUS SHELTERS [Seite 494]
10.2.3.1 - Shelter Euthanasia [Seite 494]
10.2.3.2 - Training for Euthanasia [Seite 495]
10.2.3.3 - Personal Responses to Euthanasia [Seite 496]
10.2.3.4 - Euthanasia Policies [Seite 497]
10.2.4 - CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF EUTHANASIA CANDIDATES [Seite 498]
10.2.5 - METHODS OF EUTHANASIA [Seite 499]
10.2.5.1 - AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia [Seite 499]
10.2.5.2 - Carbon Monoxide [Seite 500]
10.2.5.3 - Euthanasia by Injection of Sodium Pentobarbital [Seite 501]
10.2.6 - RESTRAINT-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL [Seite 507]
10.2.6.1 - Chemical Restraint-Pre-euthanasia Drugs [Seite 507]
10.2.6.2 - Physical Restraint [Seite 509]
10.2.7 - EUTHANASIA BY INJECTION TECHNIQUES [Seite 510]
10.2.7.1 - Small Puppies [Seite 510]
10.2.7.2 - Cats [Seite 511]
10.2.7.3 - Cat Restraint [Seite 511]
10.2.8 - EUTHANASIA OF SPECIES OTHER THAN CATS AND DOGS [Seite 512]
10.2.8.1 - Small and Medium-Sized Mammals [Seite 512]
10.2.8.2 - Pigs [Seite 513]
10.2.8.3 - Lizards, Snakes and Reptiles [Seite 513]
10.2.8.4 - Birds [Seite 514]
10.2.8.5 - Fish [Seite 514]
10.2.8.6 - Horses [Seite 514]
10.2.8.7 - Farm Animals [Seite 515]
10.2.9 - SPECIAL EUTHANASIA CASES [Seite 515]
10.2.9.1 - Rabies and Reportable Diseases [Seite 515]
10.2.9.2 - Field Euthanasia [Seite 515]
10.2.10 - VERIFICATION OF DEATH [Seite 515]
10.2.11 - PERSONAL SAFETY DURING EUTHANASIA [Seite 516]
10.2.12 - BODY DISPOSAL [Seite 516]
10.2.13 - LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS AND RECORD KEEPING [Seite 516]
10.2.14 - CONCLUSION [Seite 517]
10.2.15 - REFERENCES [Seite 517]
10.3 - 31 Foster Care [Seite 519]
10.3.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 519]
10.3.2 - GOALS AND PLANNING [Seite 520]
10.3.2.1 - Goals [Seite 520]
10.3.2.2 - Planning Care Capacity for Foster Animals [Seite 520]
10.3.2.3 - Planning for Live Release [Seite 521]
10.3.2.4 - How Many Foster Homes? [Seite 521]
10.3.2.5 - Foster Program Coordination [Seite 522]
10.3.2.6 - Planning Foster Care Pathways [Seite 522]
10.3.3 - FLOW-THROUGH PLANNING FOR FOSTER ANIMALS [Seite 525]
10.3.3.1 - Scheduling, Efficiency, and Length of Stay (LOS) [Seite 525]
10.3.3.2 - Readiness Systems [Seite 526]
10.3.3.3 - Selecting Animals [Seite 526]
10.3.3.4 - Screening and Preventive Treatments Prior to Foster Placement [Seite 526]
10.3.3.5 - Routine, Follow-Up, and Emergency Care Needs [Seite 527]
10.3.3.6 - Monitoring Animals in Care, Foster Pathways, Programs, and Caregivers [Seite 528]
10.3.4 - FOSTER HOMES AND CAREGIVERS [Seite 530]
10.3.4.1 - Recruiting and Retention [Seite 530]
10.3.4.2 - Regulations [Seite 531]
10.3.4.3 - Home Visits [Seite 531]
10.3.4.4 - Limits/Numbers [Seite 532]
10.3.4.5 - Training [Seite 533]
10.3.4.6 - Environment [Seite 534]
10.3.5 - CONCLUSION [Seite 536]
10.3.6 - REFERENCES [Seite 537]
10.3.7 - Appendix 31.1 [Seite 538]
10.4 - 32 Disaster and Emergency Planning and Response for Animal Shelters [Seite 541]
10.4.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 541]
10.4.2 - ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT [Seite 541]
10.4.2.1 - What is the Stafford Act? [Seite 541]
10.4.2.2 - What are the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the National Response Framework (NRF)? [Seite 542]
10.4.2.3 - What is the Incident Command System (ICS)? [Seite 542]
10.4.3 - ANIMAL SHELTER ROLES IN PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS [Seite 542]
10.4.3.1 - What are the Planning and Preparedness Roles for Animal Shelters? [Seite 543]
10.4.3.2 - How Does a Community Begin Developing an Animal Emergency Plan? [Seite 543]
10.4.3.3 - What Relationships are Needed to Support the Plan? [Seite 544]
10.4.3.4 - What are Community and State Animal Response Team (CART or SART) Programs? [Seite 544]
10.4.3.5 - What is the Impact of State Activities and Resources on Animal Control Organizations and Shelters? [Seite 545]
10.4.4 - ANIMAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE MISSIONS [Seite 545]
10.4.5 - INCIDENT SUPPORT AND MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES [Seite 546]
10.4.5.1 - Did the PETS Act Provide for Federal Funding of Pet Response in Disasters? [Seite 547]
10.4.5.2 - What are the Response Communication Challenges for Animal Shelters in Emergency Incidents? [Seite 549]
10.4.5.3 - What is Critical Incident Stress and Psychological First Aid? [Seite 550]
10.4.6 - TRAINING [Seite 550]
10.4.7 - BUSINESS CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR ANIMAL SHELTERS [Seite 550]
10.4.7.1 - Where can Additional Information on Personal Preparedness and Contingency Planning be Found? [Seite 551]
10.4.8 - EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT RESOURCES FOR VETERINARIANS [Seite 551]
10.4.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 552]
10.4.10 - ADDITIONAL RESOURCES [Seite 552]
11 - Section 6 Behavior [Seite 553]
11.1 - 33 Behavior Evaluation, Adoption, and Follow-Up [Seite 555]
11.1.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 555]
11.1.2 - CANINE AGGRESSION ASSESSMENTS [Seite 555]
11.1.3 - THE ROLE OF AGGRESSION ASSESSMENTS IN DECISION-MAKING [Seite 556]
11.1.4 - WHEN TO ASSESS [Seite 557]
11.1.5 - ASSESSMENTS FOCUSED ON OTHER BEHAVIORS [Seite 558]
11.1.6 - CATS [Seite 558]
11.1.7 - ADOPTION CRITERIA AND ADOPTER COMMUNICATION [Seite 559]
11.1.8 - FOLLOW-UP [Seite 560]
11.1.9 - CONCLUSION [Seite 561]
11.1.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 561]
11.2 - 34 Behavioral Enrichment [Seite 565]
11.2.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 565]
11.2.2 - GOALS AND BENEFITS OF ENRICHMENT PROGRAMS [Seite 565]
11.2.3 - THE IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES [Seite 565]
11.2.4 - TYPES OF ENRICHMENT [Seite 566]
11.2.4.1 - Physical Space [Seite 566]
11.2.4.2 - Cage Furnishings [Seite 566]
11.2.4.3 - Social Interaction [Seite 567]
11.2.4.4 - Object Play and Toys [Seite 575]
11.2.4.5 - Occupational Enrichment [Seite 576]
11.2.4.6 - Sensory Stimulation [Seite 577]
11.2.5 - REMOVING OBSTACLES TO ENRICHMENT [Seite 579]
11.2.6 - CONCLUSION [Seite 579]
11.2.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 579]
11.3 - 35 Animal Behavior Forensics: Evaluation of Dangerous Dogs and Cruelty Victims [Seite 583]
11.3.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 583]
11.3.2 - DANGEROUS DOGS: SERIOUS AND FATAL DOG ATTACKS [Seite 583]
11.3.3 - ANIMAL CRUELTY CASES [Seite 584]
11.3.4 - THE STANDARD BEHAVIOR EVALUATION [Seite 584]
11.3.5 - ADDITIONAL EVALUATION OF FIGHTING DOGS [Seite 587]
11.3.6 - ADDITIONAL EVALUATION OF HOARDER AND PUPPY MILL DOGS [Seite 589]
11.3.7 - CATS [Seite 590]
11.3.8 - DISPOSITION [Seite 590]
11.3.9 - CONCLUSION [Seite 590]
11.3.9.1 - Acknowledgment [Seite 590]
11.3.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 590]
11.4 - 36 Behavioral Pharmacotherapy in the Animal Shelter [Seite 593]
11.4.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 593]
11.4.2 - INITIATING DRUG THERAPY [Seite 593]
11.4.2.1 - Make a Behavioral Diagnosis [Seite 593]
11.4.2.2 - Be Familiar with Indications, Doses, Side Effects, and Contraindications of the Drugs that are Likely to be Prescribed [Seite 593]
11.4.2.3 - Prescribe a Concurrent Behavior Modification Program [Seite 594]
11.4.2.4 - Train Staff to Administer Drug Therapy [Seite 594]
11.4.2.5 - Prepare to Monitor Animals for Effect and Side Effects [Seite 594]
11.4.3 - EXPENSE [Seite 594]
11.4.4 - ADOPTION AND FOLLOW-UP [Seite 594]
11.4.5 - WHEN DRUG THERAPY SHOULD BE CONSIDERED [Seite 594]
11.4.5.1 - Anxiety [Seite 595]
11.4.5.2 - Compulsive Behaviors [Seite 595]
11.4.5.3 - Separation Anxiety [Seite 595]
11.4.5.4 - Urine Marking [Seite 595]
11.4.5.5 - Pheromone Therapy [Seite 595]
11.4.6 - CONCLUSION [Seite 599]
11.4.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 599]
12 - Section 7 Spay/Neuter [Seite 601]
12.1 - 37 Spay/Neuter Services for Shelter and Community Animals [Seite 603]
12.1.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 603]
12.1.2 - ASSESSING A COMMUNITY'S RESOURCES AND NEED FOR SPAY/NEUTER SERVICES [Seite 603]
12.1.3 - OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO SPAY/NEUTER [Seite 604]
12.1.4 - COLLECTING RELEVANT DATA [Seite 604]
12.1.5 - PROVIDING TARGETED SPAY/NEUTER SERVICES [Seite 604]
12.1.6 - HIGH-QUALITY, HIGH-VOLUME SPAY/NEUTER PROGRAM MODELS [Seite 605]
12.1.6.1 - Spay/Neuter Clinics Located Within Animal Shelters [Seite 605]
12.1.6.2 - "MASH" (Mobile Animal Surgical Hospitals) Spay/Neuter Programs [Seite 605]
12.1.6.3 - Mobile Spay/Neuter Clinics (MSNC) [Seite 605]
12.1.6.4 - Stationary, Independent Spay/Neuter Clinics [Seite 606]
12.1.6.5 - Subsidized Spay/Neuter Program in Private Veterinary Hospitals [Seite 606]
12.1.6.6 - Other Program Models [Seite 607]
12.1.6.7 - Considerations for All Spay/Neuter Program Models [Seite 607]
12.1.7 - THE TIMING OF SPAY/NEUTER [Seite 607]
12.1.8 - CONCLUSION [Seite 611]
12.1.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 611]
12.1.10 - Appendix 37.1 [Seite 612]
12.1.11 - Appendix 37.2 [Seite 614]
12.1.12 - Appendix 37.3 [Seite 615]
12.2 - 38 Anesthesia and Pain Management [Seite 617]
12.2.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 617]
12.2.2 - PATIENT SELECTION FOR ANESTHESIA AND SURGERY [Seite 617]
12.2.2.1 - The Preoperative Physical Examination [Seite 618]
12.2.2.2 - Reasons to Defer Surgery [Seite 620]
12.2.3 - PATIENT PREPARATION FOR ANESTHESIA AND SURGERY [Seite 621]
12.2.3.1 - Fasting [Seite 621]
12.2.3.2 - Blood Glucose Testing [Seite 621]
12.2.3.3 - Housing and Identification [Seite 621]
12.2.4 - ANESTHESIA EQUIPMENT [Seite 622]
12.2.4.1 - Gas Cylinders [Seite 622]
12.2.4.2 - Vaporizers [Seite 622]
12.2.4.3 - Breathing Circuits [Seite 622]
12.2.4.4 - Infection Control [Seite 623]
12.2.4.5 - Equipment Maintenance [Seite 624]
12.2.5 - GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR ANESTHESIA AND PAIN RELIEF [Seite 624]
12.2.6 - ANESTHETIC PROTOCOLS [Seite 626]
12.2.7 - ANESTHESIA DRUGS AND AGENTS [Seite 626]
12.2.7.1 - Analgesics [Seite 626]
12.2.7.2 - Anxiolytics [Seite 629]
12.2.7.3 - Anticholinergics [Seite 629]
12.2.7.4 - Induction Agents [Seite 630]
12.2.7.5 - Inhalant Anesthetic Gases [Seite 631]
12.2.8 - ACCURATE DRUG CALCULATION AND ADMINISTRATION [Seite 631]
12.2.9 - SPECIAL CASES [Seite 632]
12.2.9.1 - Pregnant Animals [Seite 632]
12.2.9.2 - Obese and Emaciated Patients [Seite 632]
12.2.9.3 - Upper Respiratory Tract Disease [Seite 633]
12.2.9.4 - High-Risk Patients [Seite 633]
12.2.10 - PATIENT MONITORING [Seite 634]
12.2.10.1 - Heart Rate/Rhythm, Pulse Quality, and Oxygenation Status [Seite 634]
12.2.10.2 - Blood Pressure [Seite 635]
12.2.10.3 - Respiratory Rate and Pattern [Seite 635]
12.2.10.4 - Capnography [Seite 636]
12.2.10.5 - Jaw Tone Assessment [Seite 636]
12.2.10.6 - Eye Position and Pupil Size [Seite 636]
12.2.10.7 - Palpebral Reflex [Seite 636]
12.2.10.8 - Capillary Refill Time and Mucous Membrane Color [Seite 636]
12.2.11 - ANESTHESIA RECOVERY [Seite 636]
12.2.11.1 - Postoperative Complications [Seite 637]
12.2.12 - ANESTHESIA REVERSAL [Seite 637]
12.2.13 - COMMON SHELTER/TNR/SPAY/ NEUTER ANESTHESIA AND PERIOPERATIVE ISSUES [Seite 638]
12.2.13.1 - Mask Inhalants for Induction and Maintenance [Seite 638]
12.2.13.2 - Intubation [Seite 638]
12.2.13.3 - Thermoregulation [Seite 639]
12.2.13.4 - Oxygen Supplementation and Use of Ventilators [Seite 640]
12.2.13.5 - Fluid Therapy [Seite 640]
12.2.14 - ANESTHESIA AND SURGERY RECORDS [Seite 640]
12.2.15 - PREPARATION FOR EMERGENCIES [Seite 641]
12.2.16 - HANDLING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS [Seite 642]
12.2.17 - CONCLUSION [Seite 642]
12.2.18 - REFERENCES [Seite 643]
12.3 - 39 Surgical Techniques for Spay/Neuter [Seite 649]
12.3.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 649]
12.3.2 - PREOPERATIVE PATIENT CARE AND EVALUATION [Seite 649]
12.3.2.1 - Determining Gender and Reproductive Status [Seite 649]
12.3.2.2 - Determining Reproductive Status in the Female [Seite 650]
12.3.3 - SURGICAL SUITE [Seite 651]
12.3.4 - EFFICIENCY OF SPAY/NEUTER PROGRAMS [Seite 651]
12.3.5 - PREPARATION OF PATIENT [Seite 651]
12.3.6 - PREPARATION OF THE SURGEON [Seite 652]
12.3.7 - EFFICIENT SURGICAL TECHNIQUE [Seite 652]
12.3.7.1 - Positioning of the Patient [Seite 652]
12.3.7.2 - Incision Size and Placement [Seite 653]
12.3.7.3 - Pedicle Tie (Cat Spays) [Seite 654]
12.3.7.4 - Cord Tie (Cat Castrations) [Seite 654]
12.3.7.5 - Figure 8 Knot (Cat Castrations, Puppy Castrations) [Seite 654]
12.3.7.6 - Ligation Techniques [Seite 654]
12.3.7.7 - Miller's Knot [Seite 654]
12.3.8 - SPECIFIC SURGICAL TECHNIQUES [Seite 655]
12.3.8.1 - Ovariohysterectomy of the Adult Dog [Seite 657]
12.3.8.2 - Ovariohysterectomy of the Adult Cat [Seite 658]
12.3.8.3 - Castration of the Adult Dog [Seite 659]
12.3.8.4 - Castration of the Cat [Seite 659]
12.3.9 - TUBAL LIGATIONS AND VASECTOMIES [Seite 660]
12.3.10 - MEANS OF IDENTIFYING PATIENTS AS STERILIZED [Seite 660]
12.3.10.1 - Scoring Tattoos [Seite 660]
12.3.10.2 - Ear Tipping [Seite 660]
12.3.11 - POSTOPERATIVE CARE [Seite 660]
12.3.11.1 - Postoperative Analgesia [Seite 660]
12.3.11.2 - Postoperative Instructions [Seite 661]
12.3.12 - COMPLEX SPAY/NEUTER [Seite 661]
12.3.12.1 - Estrus [Seite 661]
12.3.12.2 - Pregnancy [Seite 661]
12.3.12.3 - Pyometra [Seite 662]
12.3.12.4 - Mammary Gland Tumors [Seite 662]
12.3.12.5 - Mammary Hyperplasia/Lactating Queens [Seite 662]
12.3.12.6 - Cryptorchidism [Seite 662]
12.3.12.7 - Uterus Unicornis [Seite 663]
12.3.12.8 - Ovarian Remnant [Seite 663]
12.3.12.9 - Hermaphroditism [Seite 664]
12.3.12.10 - Heartworm-Positive Dogs [Seite 664]
12.3.13 - PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO SPAY/NEUTER SURGERY [Seite 664]
12.3.13.1 - Hemorrhage [Seite 664]
12.3.13.2 - Surgical Site Infection [Seite 665]
12.3.13.3 - Surgical Site Seroma [Seite 665]
12.3.13.4 - Surgical Site Suture Reaction [Seite 666]
12.3.13.5 - Scrotal Hematoma [Seite 666]
12.3.13.6 - Dehiscence [Seite 666]
12.3.13.7 - Uterine Stump Pyometra [Seite 666]
12.3.13.8 - Uterine Stump Granuloma [Seite 667]
12.3.13.9 - Ligation of the Ureter [Seite 667]
12.3.13.10 - Postoperative Bleeding from Vagina [Seite 667]
12.3.14 - RABBIT SPAY/NEUTER [Seite 667]
12.3.14.1 - Ovariohysterectomy of the Rabbit [Seite 667]
12.3.14.2 - Castration of the Rabbit [Seite 668]
12.3.14.3 - Postoperative Care [Seite 668]
12.3.15 - CONCLUSION [Seite 668]
12.3.16 - REFERENCES [Seite 668]
12.3.17 - Appendix 39.1 [Seite 669]
12.4 - 40 Pediatric Neutering [Seite 671]
12.4.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 671]
12.4.1.1 - Definitions [Seite 671]
12.4.2 - CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE [Seite 672]
12.4.3 - LITERATURE REVIEW [Seite 672]
12.4.3.1 - Perioperative Risks [Seite 672]
12.4.3.2 - Immediate Postoperative Complications [Seite 672]
12.4.3.3 - Short- and Long-Term Risks [Seite 675]
12.4.3.4 - Benefits of Neutering [Seite 682]
12.4.4 - TECHNIQUES FOR PEDIATRIC SPAY/NEUTER [Seite 683]
12.4.4.1 - Preoperative Evaluation [Seite 683]
12.4.4.2 - Anesthetic Considerations [Seite 683]
12.4.4.3 - Surgical Considerations [Seite 686]
12.4.5 - CONCLUSION [Seite 687]
12.4.6 - REFERENCES [Seite 688]
12.5 - 41 Management of Stray and Feral Community Cats [Seite 693]
12.5.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 693]
12.5.2 - CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNITY CATS [Seite 694]
12.5.2.1 - Impact on Domestic Cat Population [Seite 694]
12.5.2.2 - Interactions with Humans [Seite 694]
12.5.2.3 - Physical Characteristics [Seite 695]
12.5.2.4 - Infectious Diseases [Seite 697]
12.5.2.5 - Control of Community Cats [Seite 699]
12.5.3 - FERAL CATS IN ANIMAL SHELTERS [Seite 699]
12.5.4 - TRAP-NEUTER-RETURN [Seite 700]
12.5.4.1 - Veterinary Procedures for Community Cats [Seite 702]
12.5.5 - CONCLUSION [Seite 709]
12.5.6 - REFERENCES [Seite 710]
12.6 - 42 Nonsurgical Sterilization of Cats and Dogs [Seite 713]
12.6.1 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 713]
12.6.2 - THE NEED FOR NONSURGICAL STERILIZATION [Seite 713]
12.6.3 - ACCEPTANCE AND USE BY VETERINARIANS [Seite 714]
12.6.4 - CONTRACEPTIVE DRUGS AND VACCINES [Seite 714]
12.6.4.1 - Old Approaches to Contraception: Hormone-Based Drugs [Seite 715]
12.6.4.2 - New Approaches [Seite 715]
12.6.5 - FUNDING FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT [Seite 718]
12.6.6 - CONCLUSION [Seite 718]
12.6.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 718]
13 - Appendix 1 Resources for Veterinary and Shelter Professionals [Seite 721]
14 - Appendix 2 Association of Shelter Veterinarians (ASV) Guidelines for Standards of Care in Animal Shelters [Seite 725]
14.1 - REFERENCES [Seite 726]
15 - Index [Seite 727]

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