Computers Helping People with Special Needs

Name: Computers Helping People with Special Needs | 13th International Conference, ICCHP 2012, Linz, Austria, July 11-13, 2012, Proceedings, Part II
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13th International Conference, ICCHP 2012, Linz, Austria, July 11-13, 2012, Proceedings, Part II

Klaus Miesenberger Arthur Karshmer Petr Penaz Wolfgang Zagler(Herausgeber*in)

Springer (Verlag)

Erschienen am 9. Juli 2012

XXX, 683 Seiten

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Inhalt

Title
Preface
Organization
Table of Contents
Portable and Mobile Systems in Assistive Technology
A Multimodal Approach to Accessible Web Content on Smartphones
Introduction
Multimodality
Multimodality and Smartphones
Related Work
Framework
Method
Prototype and Evaluation
Discussion
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Mobile Vision as Assistive Technology for the Blind: An Experimental Study
Introduction
Experiments: Design and Outcomes
System Design
Experiment Design
Results
Conclusions
References
Camera-Based Signage Detection and Recognition for Blind Persons
Introduction
Methodology for Restroom Signage Detection and Recognition
Method Overview
Image ng Preprocessin for Signage Detection
Signage Detection B Based on Shape and Compactness
Signage Recognitio on Based on SIFT Matching
Experimental Results
Conclusion and Future Work
References
The Crosswatch Traffic Intersection Analyzer: A Roadmap for the Future
State of the Art and Related Technology
Proposed Approach
Conclusion
References
GPS and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) as a Navigation System for the Visually Impaired
Introduction
Materials
Method
Results
Conclusions
References
Visual Nouns for Indoor/Outdoor Navigation
Introduction: Idea and Impact
Related Work
Visual Nouns in Context: Our Approach
Text
Visual-icons
Signage
Visual Noun Based Localization: Algorithms
Mapping
Visual Nouns Extraction
Localization
Experiments and Results
Conclusions d and Discussions
References
Towards a Real-Time System for Finding and Reading Signs for Visually Impaired Users
Introduction and Related Work
Finding Text in Images and Performing OCR
System and User Interface
Experimental Results and User Testing
Conclusion
References
User Requirements for Camera-Based Mobile Applications on Touch Screen Devices for Blind People
Introduction
Related Works
User Study
Participants
Results : User Requirements Analysis
Conclusion and Future Work
References
A Route Planner Interpretation Service for Hard of Hearing People
Introduction
Previous Works
The Benefits of Our Automatic Sign Language Interpretation Service
Multi-community Approach
Collaborative Appr roach
Mobile Solution
Our Contributio on
Architecture
Web Service Interpretation System
Android Client
Conclusion and Future Works
References
Translating Floor Plans into Directions
Introduction
Mobile Client User Requirements
Indoor Localization
Spatial Descriptions
Annotation
Client Presentation of Directions
Evaluation
Conclusion and Outlook
References
Harnessing Wireless Technologies for Campus Navigation by Blind Students and Visitors
Introduction and Background
Review of User Requirements
Review of Previous Work
Developing the 'WayFinding' Navigation System
The Navigation Layer
The User Interface Layer
Developing a Prototype System
User Testing
Pilot Study
Main Study
Future Work
Principle Benefits of This Work
References
Eyesight Sharing in Blind Grocery Shopping: Remote P2P Caregiving through Cloud Computing
Introduction
A Cloud Computing Framework for Remote P2P Caregiving
Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) Framework
Image Matching
Experiments
A Laboratory Study
Store Experiments
Results
Discussion
References
Assessment Test Framework for Collecting and Evaluating Fall-Related Data Using Mobile Devices
Introduction
Related Work
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Framework Architecture
Features of the Framework
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Mobile Device Client
Evaluation
Test Settings
Analysis
Conclusion
References
NAVCOM - WLAN Communication between Public Transport Vehicles and Smart Phones to Support Visually Impaired and Blind People
Introduction and Motivation
Related Work
Summarizing
Implementation of the NAVCOM System
System Architecture
Router Operating System
Client Components
First Test Results
Outlook and Conclusion
References
Mobile-Type Remote Captioning System for Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing People and the Experience of Remote Supports after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Introduction
Methods
Summary of Results
The Experience of Remote Supports to the Universities in a Damaged Area after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Conclusions
References
Handheld "App" Offering Visual Support to Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs)
Introduction to the Technology and Supporting R&D Effort
ASDs and the State of the Art in Visual Supports
The Feasibility Study and Its Methodology
Research Questions
Sample
Measures
Procedures and Results
Impact of the Feasibility Study
Iterative Software Development
Contributions to the Research Field
Conclusions and Planned Activities
References
Cloud-Based Assistive Speech-Transcription Services
Introduction
Related Work
eScribe Implementation and Architecture
Performance Evaluation and User Experience
Future Work
Conclusion
References
Developing a Voice User Interface with Improved Usability for People with Dysarthria
Introduction
The State of the Art in VUIs for People with Dysarthria
The System Dev velopment
Idea Generation nd an Idea Screening
Concept Development
Prototype Development and Evaluation
Conclusion
References
Wearable Range-Vibrotactile Field: Design and Evaluation
Introduction
Background and the State of the Art
Our Approach: Design and Testing
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
System Supporting Speech Perception in Special Educational Needs Schoolchildren
Introduction
Pre-existing Solutions
Proposed Solution
Overview
Mobile Device
Workstation
Target Group
Conclusions
References
Designing a Mobile Application to Record ABA Data
Introduction
Related Work
The Application
The User Interfaces
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Assistive Technology, HCI and Rehabilitation
Creating Personas with Disabilities
Introduction
State of the Art
Methodology
Work and Results
Impact
Conclusion
References
Eye Controlled Human Computer Interaction for Severely Motor Disabled Children
Two Clinical Case Studies
Introduction
Methods and Materials
Results
Conclusion and Planned Activities
References
Gravity Controls for Windows
Introduction and Idea
State of the Art and Related Research
Concept and Prototype Implementation
User Testing
References
Addressing Accessibility Challenges of People with Motor Disabilities by Means of AsTeRICS: A Step by Step Definition of Technical Requirements
Introduction
Material and Methods
User Requirements Definition
User Requirements s Prioritization
Transformation of User Requirements into Technical Requirements
Iteration Process. First Evaluation Results and Adjustment of Requirements
Conclusion
References
Indoor and Outdoor Mobility for an Intelligent Autonomous Wheelchair
Smart Wheelchair Research and Development for Indoor and Outdoor Mobility
The State of the Art in This Field of Study
The gy Methodolog
Retrofitting for a S Smart Wheelchair
BCI vs. Autonomou us vs. Hybrid Control Modes
The Research and Development Work and Results
Terrain Recognition
Image Processes
Wheelchair Excurs sion
Contributions to the Field
Conclusions and Planned Activities
References
Comparing the Accuracy of a P300 Speller for People with Major Physical Disability
Introduction
Methods
Participants
Paradigm and Experimental Procedure
Experimental Setup and Data Processing
Results
Discussion and Suggestions to Improve the Spelling Accuracy
References
Application of Robot Suit HAL to Gait Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients: A Case Study
Introduction
Methods
Experimental Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Sign 2.0: ICT for Sign Language Users: Information Sharing, Interoperability, User-Centered Design and Collaboration
Sign 2.0: ICT for Sign Language Users: Information Sharing, Interoperability, User-Centered Design and Collaboration
Introduction to the Special Thematic Session
Introduction
So All is Well?
Problem Solved?
Solutions?
Threats, or Opportunities?
References
Toward Developing a Very Big Sign Language Parallel Corpus
Introduction
Parallel Corpus Collection
Collecting Data from Gutenberg
Sentence Splitting, Tokenization, Chunking and Parsing
English-ASL Parallel Corpus
Problematic
Ascertainment and Approach
Releases of the English-ASL Corpus
Discussions and Conclusion
References
Czech Sign Language - Czech Dictionary and Thesaurus On-Line
Introduction
Online Dictionary Features
Components of Dictionary Entries
Data Aquisition
Creation of the List of Entries
Creation of New Signs of Sign Language
Representing Sign Language Data
Content Management
User Interface (Preview)
The Dicta-Sign Wiki: Enabling Web Communication for the Deaf
Research Rational
Technological A Advancements and Systems Integration
A Sign ge Languag Wiki
Conclusion
References
Sign Language Multimedia Based Interaction for Aurally Handicapped People
Introduction
Principles and Examples of Good Practices for Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Video-Based E-Lectures for All Participants (VELAP)
Sign Language Interpreter Web Based Video Module (SLI Module)
E-Learning Portal for Deaf and Hard of Hearing "How to Get a Job?"
Learning styles Media Interaction
On-Line Sign Language Glossary for Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Conclusion
References
Meeting Support System for the Person with Hearing Impairment Using Tablet Devices and Speech Recognition
Introduction
System Overview
Application Des sign
Summary
References
Dubbing of Videos for Deaf People -A Sign Language Approach
Introduction
State of the Art
Design of the Sign Language Movie
Playback the Movie with Synchronized Sign Language Video
Summary
References
Towards a 3D Signing Avatar from SignWriting Notation
Introduction
Notation Systems
Stokoe Notation
HamNoSys Notation
SignWriting Notation
Problematic and Objectives
SWML
Previous Work
Approach
General Architecture
Example of Solution
Conclusion
References
Sign Language Computer-Aided Education: Exploiting GSL Resources and Technologies for Web Deaf Communication
Introduction
GSL Resources to Provide Educational Content
Tools and Platforms to Support SL Education
Conclusion
References
SignMedia
Interactive English Learning Resource for Deaf Sign Language Users Working in the Media Industry
Introduction
State of the Art and Application Idea
Multimedia Resources for Learning English
English for the Media Business
The SignMedia Project
Methodology
The Impact of the SignMedia Project
Conclusion and Planned Activities
References
SignAssess - Online Sign Language Training Assignments via the Browser, Desktop and Mobile
What Is SignAssess?
SignAssess Origins and Early Objectives
Technical Platform
Client-Side
Server-Side
Packaging and Delivery
Product Development and Features
Speed of Use
Self-correction, Feedback and Analysis Tools
Asynchronous Video Messaging and Real-Time Display Updates
Assignment Builder
Simultaneous and Consecutive Interpreting Assignment Types
Multiple Repositories
Variable Video Recording Sizes
Accessibility by Desktop and Mobile Devices
SignAssess Desktop
SignAssess Mobile
SignAssess Future
Tighter CMS Integration
External Repositories
Technical Platform
References
Computer-Assisted Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CA-AAC)
Towards General Cross-Platform CCF Based Multi-modal Language Support
Why AAC Is, and Should Be, Going Mainstream on Standard ICT Platforms
Preconditions for Inclusive AAC Support in Mainstream ICT
The AEGIS Pro oject Developments
The CCF-SymbolWriter Extension for LibreOffice Writer
SAW 6 - Special Access to Windows - with CCF Support
CCF-SymbolDroid - AAC App for Android Mobile Devices
Conclusions
References
Developing an Augmentative Mobile Communication System
Introduction
Book of Activities Regardless of Disabilities (BOARD)
BOARD Functionalities
BOARD Design
BOARD App
Conclusions and d Future Work
References
The Korean Web-Based AAC Board Making System
Introduction
Related Works
System Implementation
Conclusion and Future Work
References
SymbolChat: Picture-Based Communication Platform for Users with Intellectual Disabilities
Introduction
The SymbolChat Application
Related Work
Evaluation
Results and Disc cussion
Conclusion
References
Developing AAC Message Generating Training System Based on Core Vocabulary Approach
Introduction
System
System Framework
Material for Training
The Feature of the System
Usability Evaluation
Pilot Study
Discussion
References
New Features in the VoxAid Communication Aid for Speech Impaired People
Introduction
Problem Statement
User Groups and Application Area
Present Solutions
System Design
Application Concept
SayItAndroid
SayItDesktop
Evaluation Results
Future Plans
References
AAC Vocabulary Standardisation and Harmonisation
The CCF and BCI Experiences
Background
The Concept Coding Framework
The Blissymbolics Vocabulary
Experiences of Early Standardisation and Harmonisation Efforts
Populating the CCF Database
Licensing Issues
Future Perspectives
References
Speaking and Understanding Morse Language, Speech Technology and Autism
Is Morse a Language? Yes!
The Rehabilitation with Speech Technology Radio Club (HA5RST)
Learning Morse Language with an Autistic Boy
Talking Tablet Experiments with a Non-speaking Autistic Girl (TalkPad)
Conclusions
References
Reverse-Engineering Scanning Keyboards
Introduction and Background
Models of Scanning Keyboards
Reverse-Engineering Scanning Keyboards
The Reverse-Huffman Algorithm (RHA)
The Jensen-Shannon Divergence (JSD) as a Measure of Efficiency
Conclusion
References
A Communication System on Smart Phones and Tablets for Non-verbal Children with Autism
Introduction
Preference for AAC Platforms - A Survey
Participatory Design: Experience with Initial Prototypes
Usability Study with a Larger Group
Learning to Communicate Using
Communication Performance
Individual Differences in Performance
Discussion
Future Work
References
Assessment of Biosignals for Managing a Virtual Keyboard
Introduction
Related Work
Methodology
Application
Signal Acquisition
Procedure
Work and Results
Conclusion and Planned Lines of Research
References
Applying the Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity: Building up Language Abilities with ELA -Computerized Language Modules
Introduction
Methods
ELA® - Language Modules
Word Level Tasks
Sentence Level Tasks
Text Level Tasks
Pragmatic (Dialogue) Level Tasks
ELA® -Basic Voca bulary
Application of th he Principles of Experience-Dependent Neu ral Plasticity
Summary
References
Assistive Technology: Writing Tool to Support Students with Learning Disabilities
Introduction
Methodology
Subject Selection
Material and Equipment Used in the Study
Experiment
Activity A:
Activity B:
Analysis and Results
Conclusion
References
Communication Access for a Student with Multiple Disabilities: An Interdisciplinary Collaborative Approach
Introduction
The Collaborative Team Approach
Collaborative Working in Action
Process of Assessment
Case Study
Outcomes
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Easy to Web between Science of Education, Information Design and (Speech) Technology
Multimedia Advocacy
A New Way of Self Expression and Communication for People with Intellectual Disabilities
Introduction
Self Advocacy
The W2ID Project (Web 2.0 for People with Intellectual Disabilities)
End-User Pilot and Its Curriculum
Session 1: Getting Started
Session 2: About Us
Session 3: Thinking Pictures
Session 4: Going Out
Session 5: Jobs and Activities
Session 6: Sharing
Evaluation Design and Methodology
Users Perspective
Supporters' Perspective
Analysis of Website Output
Sample and Data Collection
Outlook and Early Findings
References
How Long Is a Short Sentence? - A Linguistic Approach to Definition and Validation of Rules for Easy-to-Read Material
Introduction
Background
Easy-to-Read
Grammar and Style Checking
Methodology
Implementation of Rules for Easy-to-Read
The Corpus
Validation of Rules
Results
Sentence Length
Sentence Complexity
Further Findings
Conclusion and Future Work
References
CAPKOM - Innovative Graphical User Interface Supporting People with Cognitive Disabilities
Background / State of the Art
Methodology
R & D Idea
First Results
Conclusion
References
Smart and Assistive Environments: Ambient Assisted Living (AAL)
A Real-Time Sound Recognition System in an Assisted Environment
Introduction
Sound Recognition System
Techniques Selection for the Detection and Classification
Environment and Sound Selection
Experiments Performed
Results
Conclusions and Future Lines
References
Gestures Used by Intelligent Wheelchair Users
Introduction
Gestures in Theory and Practice
Gestures in Smart Homes
User Study
Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Augmented Reality Based Environment Design Support System for Home Renovation
Introduction
Augmented Reality and Applications for Architecture
System Design
System Structure
User Interface
Markers Detection Experiments
Markers
Methods
Results
Preliminary Experiment in Real Environment
Discussions
Conclusions
References
Fall Detection on Embedded Platform Using Kinect and Wireless Accelerometer
Introduction
Primary Challenges and Proposed Solution
The System for Fall Detection
Main Modules of the Embedded System
The Wearable Device
Depth Images
Extraction of the Object of Interest
Fuzzy Inference Engine
Experimental Results
Conclusions
References
Controlled Natural Language Sentence Building as a Model for Designing User Interfaces for Rule Editing in Assisted Living Systems - A User Study
Introduction
Rule Editing in the WebDA-Action Planner
The User Study
Conclusion
References
MonAMI Platform in Elderly Household Environment
Architecture, Installation, Implementation, Trials and Results
Introduction
Technology and Methods MonAMI Platform
OSGi4AMI
Architecture of Provided ICT Services
Results
Conclusion
References
Text Entry for Accessible Computing
Modeling Text Input for Single-Switch Scanning
Introduction
Relative versus Absolute Metrics
Coding es Example and Calculation of
Corpus Effect
Discussion
Conclusion
References
DualScribe: A Keyboard Replacement for Those with Friedreich's Ataxia and Related Diseases
Introduction
Literature Review
DualScribe- System Description
Empirical Data
Conclusion
References
Easier Mobile Phone Input Using the JusFone Keyboard
Introduction
State of the Art
Methodology
Results
JusFone Keyboard
Doro Large Key Keypad
iPod Touch On-Screen Keyboard
On-Screen Tablet Keyboard
Diary Data
Impact or Contributions to the Field
Conclusion and Planned Activities
References
Automatic Assessment of Dysarthric Speech Intelligibility Based on Selected Phonetic Quality Features
Introduction
Feature Extraction
Feature Selection and Intelligibility Prediction
Feature Selection
Intelligibility Prediction
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
Adaptation of AAC to the Context Communication: A Real Improvement for the User Illustration through the VITIPI Word Completion
Introduction
State of the Art
Principles of Comp pletion Mode
Principles of Prediction Mode
Background Studies
Principles of the VITIPI Completion System
Experiment
Simulation Principles
Corpora
Simulation Task of Typing Text
The Metrics
Results
Discussion
Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Tackling the Acceptability of Freely Optimized Keyboard Layout
Introduction
Related Works
Keyboard Reorganization
Multilayer Interface
Multilayer Keyboard
Concept
Implementation
Evaluation
Participants
Apparatus
Design
Results
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Measuring Performance of a Predictive Keyboard Operated by Humming
Introduction
Related Work
Overview of the Humsher
Analysis
Experiment
Conclusion
References
Dysarthric Speech Recognition Error Correction Using Weighted Finite State Transducers Based on Context-Dependent Pronunciation Variation
Introduction
Baseline ASR System
Proposed Context-Dependent Pronunciation Variation Modeling
WFST-Based Error Correction System
Performance Evaluation
Conclusion
References
Text Entry Competency for Students with Learning Disabilities in Grade 5 to 6
Introduction
Methods
Participants
Instrument
Procedure
Data Analysis
Results
Discussion
References
Tactile Graphics and Models for Blind People and Recognition of Shapes by Touch
Vision SenS
Introduction
Antecedents
Justification
Development
Electrical Stimulator Matrix
Results and Discussions
Conclusions and Future Outlook
References
Computer-Aided Design of Tactile Models
Taxonomy and Case Studies
Introduction
Continuum of Dimensions
2D Objects
2.1D Objects
2.5D Objects
3D Objects
Conversion Workflows
Case Studies
Tactile Paintings (2D-2.1D, 2D-2.5D)
Tactile Exhibits (2D-2.1D, 2D-2.5D, 2D-3D, 3D-2.5D, 3D-3D)
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Three-Dimensional Model Fabricated by Layered Manufacturing for Visually Handicapped Persons to Trace Heart Shape
Introduction
Experimental Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Viable Haptic UML for Blind People
Introduction
Related Work
Screen Explorer for UML
Verbal Description of UML Sequence Diagrams
User Study
Results
Discussion
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Non-visual Presentation of Graphs Using the Novint Falcon
Introduction
Implementation
Testing
Results
Conclusion and Future Direction
References
Mobility for Blind and Partially Sighted People
Towards a Geographic Information System Facilitating Navigation of Visually Impaired Users
Introduction
GIS and Assisted Navigation for the Blind
Data Collection
Data Extraction
The NAVIG GIS Component
Participant and Design Process
The NAVIG GIS Database Scheme
The NAVIG GIS Software Design
Cognitive Mapping via Adapted GIS
Conclusions and Discussion
References
Combination of Map-Supported Particle Filters with Activity Recognition for Blind Navigation
Introduction
Related Work
System Overview
Step Detection and Width Estimation
Activity Recognition
Particle Filter
Results
Future Work
References
AccessibleMap
Web-Based City Maps for Blind and Visually Impaired
Towards Accessibility of Maps
Background
The AccessibleMap Project
Semantic Description of Space
Technical Implementation
Analysis and Specification of User Requirements
Accessible Map in Practice
Outlook
References
Design and User Satisfaction of Interactive Maps for Visually Impaired People
Introduction
Designing an In teractive Map for Visually Impaired People
Step 1: Drawing nd an Printing a Tactile Map
Step 2: Selecting the Multi-touch Screen
Step 3: Interaction Technologies
Step 4: Software Architecture
Testing User Satisfaction for the Interactive Map
Experimental Protocol
Results
Conclusion and Future Work
References
A Mobile Application Concept to Encourage Independent Mobility for Blind and Visually Impaired Students
Introduction
Related Works
Conducting the Study
User-Centered Design Approach
The Requirement Phase
The Implementation Phase
The Field Tests
The Results
Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Work
References
Do-It-Yourself Object Identification Using Augmented Reality for Visually Impaired People
Introduction
Previous Work
The Proposed DIY Application
Preliminary Evaluation
Conclusion, Limitations and Future Work
References
An Assistive Vision System for the Blind That Helps Find Lost Things
Introduction
Related Work
MainSystemComponents
Visual Object Detection
Sonification
Evaluation
Procedure
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Designing a Virtual Environment to Evaluate Multimodal Sensors for Assisting the Visually Impaired
Introduction
Overview of Our Approach
Sensors and Stimulators: Experiment Design
Sensors
Stimulators
Experimental Results
Future Work
References
A Segmentation-Based Stereovision Approach for Assisting Visually Impaired People
Introduction
Related Work
Our Algorithm
Matching Primitive Extraction
Stereo Matching an nd Plane Fitting
Plane Merging, Splitting and Parameter Refinement
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
KinDectect: Kinect Detecting Objects
Introduction
Related Work
Human and Obstacle Detection
Human Detection and Transducing
Obstacle Detection and Avoidance
Implementation and Experimental Results
System Architecture
Conclusion and Discussions
References
A System Helping the Blind to Get Merchandise Information
Introduction
System Overview
Best-before/Use-by Date Recognition
Evaluation Experiment
Conclusion
References
Human-Computer Interaction for Blind and Partially Sighted People
Accessibility for the Blind on an Open-Source Mobile Platform
MObile Slate Talker (MOST) for Android
Introduction
State of the Art
How It Works
Background and Objectives
Market Assessment of Accessible Smartphones in Hungary
Methodology Used for Conducting the Survey
Findings of the Survey
Porting MOST to Android
Conclusion
References
Accessibility of Android-Based Mobile Devices: A Prototype to Investigate Interaction with Blind Users
Introduction
Related Work
Methodology
User Requirements and Main Interaction Features
The Application Prototype
Conclusions
References
TypeInBraille: Quick Eyes-Free Typing on Smartphones
Introduction
Related Work
Problem Analysis
Our Solution:
Experimental Evaluation
Experimental Setting
Experimental Results
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Real-Time Display Recognition System for Visually Impaired
Introduction
Display Recognition System
Databases
Selection of Parameters
YUV Color Space
Image Enhancement
OCR
Experiments Performed and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
References
A Non-visual Interface for Tasks Requiring Rapid Recognition and Response
An RC Helicopter Control System for Blind People
Background and Objective
Development Platform
Controlled Helicopter and Its Attached Additional Sensor
Controlling Platform
Conclusions and Future Works
References
Reaching to Sound Accuracy in the Peri-personal Space of Blind and Sighted Humans
Introduction
Material and Methods
Subjects
Protocol
Data Analysis and Statistics
Results
Azimuth and Distance Error across Groups
Azimuth Error across Stimulus Conditions
Distance Error across Stimulus Conditions
Discussion
References
Hapto-acoustic Scene Representation
Introduction
Related Work
System Description and Applications
Evaluation
Procedure
Participants
Results
Conclusion
References
Efficient Access to PC Applications by Using a Braille Display with Active Tactile Control (ATC)
Braille Displays in a Glance
State of the Art in the Use of ATC Technology
Methodology for Improved PC Interaction for Blind Users Based on ATC
Efficient Access to Complex PC Application with ATC
Multiple Sub-windo ows Access
Presenting Addition nal Information Depending on the Reading Position
Manipulation of Tactile Content Using the Detected Reading Position
Conclusion and Next Steps
References
Applications of Optically Actuated Haptic Elements
Introduction
NOMS: Objectives
The Work Performed So Far
Potential Impacts and Use of Final Results
Conclusion
References
Trackable Interactive Multimodal Manipulatives: Towards a Tangible User Environment for the Blind
Introduction
Background and Motivation
TIMM for Tangible User Environments (TUE)
Hardware and Software Implementation
Current Status
References
Introduction of New Body-Braille Devices and Applications
Introduction
Body-Braille and Related Devices
Body-Braille
Devices in the Body-Braille System
Helen Keller Phone
Helen Keller Phone System
Device of Helen Keller Phone
New Wireless Device and Application
Needs of Wireless System
Application - System for Autonomous Learning
Conclusion
References
Author Index

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