Effective C++
Introduction 1A
Chapter 1: Accustoming Yourself to C++ 11A
Item 1: View C++ as a federation of languages. 11A
Item 2: Prefer consts, enums, and inlines to #defines. 13A
Item 3: Use const whenever possible. 17A
Item 4: Make sure that objects are initialized before they're used. 26A
Chapter 2: Constructors, Destructors, and Assignment Operators 34A
Item 5: Know what functions C++ silently writes and calls. 34A
Item 6: Explicitly disallow the use of compiler-generated functions you do not want. 37A
Item 7: Declare destructors virtual in polymorphic base classes. 40A
Item 8: Prevent exceptions from leaving destructors. 44A
Item 9: Never call virtual functions during construction or destruction. 48A
Item 10: Have assignment operators return a reference to *this. 52A
Item 11: Handle assignment to self in operator=. 53A
Item 12: Copy all parts of an object. 57A
Chapter 3: Resource Management 61A
Item 13: Use objects to manage resources. 61A
Item 14: Think carefully about copying behavior in resourcemanaging classes. 66A
Item 15: Provide access to raw resources in resourcemanaging classes. 69A
Item 16: Use the same form in corresponding uses of new and delete. 73A
Item 17: Store newed objects in smart pointers in standalone statements. 75A
Chapter 4: Designs and Declarations 78A
Item 18: Make interfaces easy to use correctly and hard to use incorrectly. 78A
Item 19: Treat class design as type design. 84A
Item 20: Prefer pass-by-reference-to-const to pass-by-value. 86A
Item 21: Don't try to return a reference when you must return an object. 90A
Item 22: Declare data members private. 94A
Item 23: Prefer non-member non-friend functions to member functions. 98A
Item 24: Declare non-member functions when type conversions should apply to all parameters. 102A
Item 25: Consider support for a non-throwing swap. 106A
Chapter 5: Implementations 113A
Item 26: Postpone variable definitions as long as possible. 113A
Item 27: Minimize casting. 116A
Item 28: Avoid returning "handles" to object internals. 123A
Item 29: Strive for exception-safe code. 127A
Item 30: Understand the ins and outs of inlining. 134A
Item 31: Minimize compilation dependencies between files. 140A
Chapter 6: Inheritance and Object-Oriented Design 149A
Item 32: Make sure public inheritance models "is-a." 150A
Item 33: Avoid hiding inherited names. 156A
Item 34: Differentiate between inheritance of interface and inheritance of implementation. 161A
Item 35: Consider alternatives to virtual functions. 169A
Item 36: Never redefine an inherited non-virtual function. 178A
Item 37: Never redefine a function's inherited default parameter value. 180A
Item 38: Model "has-a" or "is-implemented-in-terms-of" through composition. 184A
Item 39: Use private inheritance judiciously. 187A
Item 40: Use multiple inheritance judiciously. 192A
Chapter 7: Templates and Generic Programming 199A
Item 41: Understand implicit interfaces and compile-time polymorphism. 199A
Item 42: Understand the two meanings of typename. 203A
Item 43: Know how to access names in templatized base classes. 207A
Item 44: Factor parameter-independent code out of templates. 212A
Item 45: Use member function templates to accept "all compatible types." 218A
Item 46: Define non-member functions inside templates when type conversions are desired. 222A
Item 47: Use traits classes for information about types. 226A
Item 48: Be aware of template metaprogramming. 233A
Chapter 8: Customizing new and delete 239A
Item 49: Understand the behavior of the new-handler. 240A
Item 50: Understand when it makes sense to replace new and delete. 247A
Item 51: Adhere to convention when writing new and delete. 252A
Item 52: Write placement delete if you write placement new. 256A
Chapter 9: Miscellany 262A
Item 53: Pay attention to compiler warnings. 262A
Item 54: Familiarize yourself with the standard library, including TR1. 263A
Item 55: Familiarize yourself with Boost. 269A
Appendix A: Beyond Effective C++ 273A
Appendix B: Item Mappings Between Second and Third Editions 277A
Index 280A
More Effective C++
Introduction 1B
Basics 9B
Item 1: Distinguish between pointers and references. 9B
Item 2: Prefer C++-style casts. 12B
Item 3: Never treat arrays polymorphically. 16B
Item 4: Avoid gratuitous default constructors. 19B
Operators 24B
Item 5: Be wary of user-defined conversion functions. 24B
Item 6: Distinguish between prefix and postfix forms of increment and decrement operators. 31B
Item 7: Never overload &&, , or ,. 35B
Item 8: Understand the different meanings of new and delete. 38B
Exceptions 44B
Item 9: Use destructors to prevent resource leaks. 45B
Item 10: Prevent resource leaks in constructors. 50B
Item 11: Prevent exceptions from leaving destructors. 58B
Item 12: Understand how throwing an exception differs from passing a parameter or calling a virtual function. 61B
Item 13: Catch exceptions by reference. 68B
Item 14: Use exception specifications judiciously. 72B
Item 15: Understand the costs of exception handling. 78B
Efficiency 81B
Item 16: Remember the 80-20 rule. 82B
Item 17: Consider using lazy evaluation. 85B
Item 18: Amortize the cost of expected computations. 93B
Item 19: Understand the origin of temporary objects. 98B
Item 20: Facilitate the return value optimization. 101B
Item 21: Overload to avoid implicit type conversions. 105B
Item 22: Consider using op= instead of stand-alone op. 107B
Item 23: Consider alternative libraries. 110B
Item 24: Understand the costs of virtual functions, multiple inheritance, virtual base classes, and RTTI. 113B
Techniques 123B
Item 25: Virtualizing constructors and non-member functions. 123B
Item 26: Limiting the number of objects of a class. 130B
Item 27: Requiring or prohibiting heap-based objects. 145B
Item 28: Smart pointers. 159B
Item 29: Reference counting. 183B
Item 30: Proxy classes. 213B
Item 31: Making functions virtual with respect to more than one object. 228B
Miscellany 252B
Item 32: Program in the future tense. 252B
Item 33: Make non-leaf classes abstract. 258B
Item 34: Understand how to combine C++ and C in the same program. 270B
Item 35: Familiarize yourself with the language standard. 277B
Recommended Reading 285B
An auto_ptr Implementation 291B
General Index 295B
Index of Example Classes, Functions, and Templates 313B
Effective STL
Introduction 1C
Chapter 1: Containers 11C
Item 1: Choose your containers with care. 11C
Item 2: Beware the illusion of container-independent code. 15C
Item 3: Make copying cheap and correct for objects in containers. 20C
Item 4: Call empty instead of checking size() against zero. 23C
Item 5: Prefer range member functions to their single-element counterparts. 24C
Item 6: Be alert for C++'s most vexing parse. 33C
Item 7: When using containers of newed pointers, remember to delete the pointers before the container is destroyed. 36C
Item 8: Never create containers of auto_ptrs. 40C
Item 9: Choose carefully among erasing options. 43C
Item 10: Be aware of allocator conventions and restrictions. 48C
Item 11: Understand the legitimate uses of custom allocators. 54C
Item 12: Have realistic expectations about the thread safety of STL containers. 58C
Chapter 2: vector and string 63C
Item 13: Prefer vector and string to dynamically allocated arrays. 63C
Item 14: Use reserve to avoid unnecessary reallocations. 66C
Item 15: Be aware of variations in string implementations. 68C
Item 16: Know how to pass vector and string data to legacy APIs. 74C
Item 17: Use "the swap trick" to trim excess capacity. 77C
Item 18: Avoid using vector. 79C
Chapter 3: Associative Containers 83C
Item 19: Understand the difference between equality and equivalence. 83C
Item 20: Specify comparison types for associative containers of pointers. 88C
Item 21: Always have comparison functions return false for equal values. 92C
Item 22: Avoid in-place key modification in set and multiset. 95C
Item 23: Consider replacing associative containers with sorted vectors. 100C
Item 24: Choose carefully between map::operator[] and map::insert when efficiency is important. 106C
Item 25: Familiarize yourself with the nonstandard hashed containers. 111C
Chapter 4: Iterators 116C
Item 26: Prefer iterator to const_iterator, reverse_iterator, and const_reverse_iterator. 116C
Item 27: Use distance and advance to convert a container's const_iterators to iterators. 120C
Item 28: Understand how to use a reverse_iterator's base iterator. 123C
Item 29: Consider istreambuf_iterators for character-bycharacter input. 126C
Chapter 5: Algorithms 128C
Item 30: Make sure destination ranges are big enough. 129C
Item 31: Know your sorting options. 133C
Item 32: Follow remove-like algorithms by erase if you really want to remove something. 139C
Item 33: Be wary of remove-like algorithms on containers of pointers. 143C
Item 34: Note which algorithms expect sorted ranges. 146C
Item 35: Implement simple case-insensitive string comparisons via mismatch or lexicographical_compare. 150C
Item 36: Understand the proper implementation of copy_if. 154C
Item 37: Use accumulate or for_each to summarize ranges. 156C
Chapter 6: Functors, Functor Classes, Functions, etc. 162C
Item 38: Design functor classes for pass-by-value. 162C
Item 39: Make predicates pure functions. 166C
Item 40: Make functor classes adaptable. 169C
Item 41: Understand the reasons for ptr_fun, mem_fun, and mem_fun_ref. 173C
Item 42: Make sure less means operator<. 177C
Chapter 7: Programming with the STL 181C
Item 43: Prefer algorithm calls to hand-written loops. 181C
Item 44: Prefer member functions to algorithms with the same names. 190C
Item 45: Distinguish among count, find, binary_search, lower_bound, upper_bound, and equal_range. 192C
Item 46: Consider function objects instead of functions as algorithm parameters. 201C
Item 47: Avoid producing write-only code. 206C
Item 48: Always #include the proper headers. 209C
Item 49: Learn to decipher STL-related compiler diagnostics. 210C
Item 50: Familiarize yourself with STL-related web sites. 217C
Bibliography 225C
Appendix A: Locales and Case-Insensitive String Comparisons 229C
Appendix B: Remarks on Microsoft's STL Platforms 239C
Index 245C
