Road Vehicle Automation

Name: Road Vehicle Automation
Brand: Springer
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Gereon Meyer Sven Beiker(Herausgeber*in)

Springer (Verlag)

Erschienen am 7. Juni 2014

XII, 261 Seiten

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978-3-319-05990-7 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
Road Vehicle Automation
Preface
Contents
Introduction: The Transportation Research Board's 2013 Workshop on Road Vehicle Automation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 TRB Background and Significance
3 Need for this Workshop in the Context of the History of Road Vehicle Automation Research
4 Workshop Organization and Structure
5 Future Directions
References
Part I Public Sector Activities
Autonomous Vehicles: A Perspective from the California Department of Motor Vehicles
Abstract
1 The California Department of Motor Vehicles
1.1 The DMV of Today
2 Autonomous Vehicles Regulations
2.1 California's Approach
2.2 California Rulemaking Process
2.3 Regulatory Actions
2.3.1 Testing Regulations
2.3.2 Non-testing Deployment
2.3.3 Fully Autonomous Operation
3 Conclusions
References
Accelerating Road Vehicle Automation
Abstract
1 The Reality of Transportation Today
2 The Role of Connected Infrastructure in Accelerating Vehicle Automation
2.1 The Benefits of Infrastructure-Provided Information to Automated Vehicles
3 The Federal Government's Role
3.1 FHWA's Connected Automation Research to Date
3.1.1 Speed Harmonization
3.1.2 Eco-Driving
3.2 FHWA's Ongoing and Upcoming Connected Automation Research
3.2.1 National Connected Vehicle Field Infrastructure Footprint Analysis
3.2.2 Speed Harmonization Development and Field Test
3.2.3 FHWA Research Projects
4 Looking Ahead
References
Activities, Findings and Perspectives in the Field of Road Vehicle Automation in Japan
Abstract
1 Past Initiatives Taken in Japan
1.1 Advanced Cruise Assist Highway Systems
1.2 Energy ITS Project
2 Initiatives by Japanese Auto Makers
2.1 Nissan Motor Co. Ltd.
2.2 Toyota Motor Corporation
2.3 Honda Motor Co. Ltd.
3 Auto-pilot System Council
3.1 Goals of the Auto-pilot System Council
3.2 Contents of Studies by the Auto-pilot System Council
3.2.1 Objects of Studies by the Council
3.2.2 Effects of Automated Driving
Eliminating or Mitigating Congestion
Reducing Traffic Accidents
Abating Environmental Load
Supporting the Movement of Elderly People etc.
Making Driving More Pleasant
Strengthening International Competitiveness
3.2.3 Range of Driving by an Auto-pilot System
3.2.4 Steps to the Achievement of an Auto-pilot System
Continuous Driving on a Single Lane
Continuous Driving Including Lane Changes
During at Divergence/Convergence Locations and Optimum Driving During Congestion at Frequent Congestion Locations
3.2.5 Achievement Goals
3.2.6 Road Map
3.3 Future Progress Based on the Road Map
References
Part II Industrial Research and Innovation
Bosch's Vision and Roadmap Toward Fully Autonomous Driving
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Distinction Between Driver Assistance and Automated Driving
1.2 The History of Automated Driving
1.3 Forecasts
2 Bosch's Vision for Automated Driving
3 Motivation
4 Roadmap for Automated Driving
4.1 From Driver Assistance to Automated Driving
4.2 Partially Automated Driving
4.3 Highly and Fully Automated Driving
5 Key Technologies for Automated Driving
6 Test and Application
7 Conclusions
References
History and Status of Automated Driving in the United States
Abstract
1 History of Automated Driving in the United States
1.1 Early Stages of Vehicle Automation
1.2 Automated Highway Systems
1.3 Automated Vehicles and Public Competitions
2 Status of Automated Driving in the United States
2.1 The Role of Silicon Valley
2.2 Regulation and Government Initiatives
2.3 Definition and Standardization Activities
2.4 The U.S. Automotive Industry in 2013
2.5 The U.S. Universities in 2013
3 Outlook and Summary
References
Research and Innovation for Automated Driving in Germany and Europe
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Motivations for Automated Driving
3 Achievements in Driver Assistance Systems
3.1 Research and Development Projects
3.2 Demonstration Activities
3.3 Product Developments
3.4 Communication Standards
4 Future Development Paths
5 Key Enabling Technologies
5.1 Vehicle and Driver Systems Level
5.2 Components Development and Integration
5.3 Methods and Tools
6 Solutions for Non-technical Issues
7 Synergies of Automation and Electrification
8 Outlook
References
Part III Societal and Environmental Impacts
A Legal Perspective on Three Misconceptions in Vehicle Automation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Capability
3 Deployment
4 Connectivity
5 Conclusion
References
Machine Ethics and Automated Vehicles
Abstract
1 Ethical Decision Making for Automated Vehicles
2 Criticisms of the Need for Automated Vehicle Ethics Systems, and Responses
3 Relevant Work in Machine Ethics and Moral Modeling
3.1 Ethical Theories
3.2 Practical Applications
4 Summary
References
Vehicle Automation and Its Potential Impacts on Energy and Emissions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Energy and Emissions Impacts of Traffic
3 Vehicle Automation Impacts
3.1 Traffic Congestion Reduction
3.2 Vehicle Platooning
3.3 Traffic Smoothing
4 Other Automation Effects
5 Summary and Future Work
References
Human Factors of Highly Automated Driving: Results from the EASY and CityMobil Projects
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Studying Driver Response to Changes in Automation
3 Compared to Manual Control, How Do Drivers Behave in a Highly Automated Vehicle?
3.1 Driver Situation Awareness and Response to Critical Incidents
3.2 Do Drivers Engage in Other Tasks When the Vehicle is Automated?
3.3 How Does Automation Affect Drivers' Eye Movements?
4 Conclusions
References
Key Factors Influencing Autonomous Vehicles' Energy and Environmental Outcome
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Key Factors
2.1 Vehicles - Weight, Performance, and Right-Sizing
2.2 Transportation Network - Communication and Roadways
2.3 Consumer Choice - Services, VMTs, and Communities
3 Anticipating Energy Outcomes - Complexity, Uncertain, and Influence
4 Conclusions
References
An Analysis of Possible Energy Impacts of Automated Vehicles
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Effects Considered
3.1 Individual Vehicle Effects
3.1.1 Platooning
3.1.2 Efficient Driving
3.1.3 Efficient Routing
3.1.4 Travel by Underserved Populations
3.2 System Effects
3.2.1 Efficient Driving (Additional)
3.2.2 Faster Travel
3.2.3 More Travel
3.2.4 Lighter Vehicles and Powertrain/Vehicle Size Optimization
3.2.5 Less Time Looking for Parking
3.2.6 Higher Occupancy
3.3 Vehicle Electrification
3.4 Summary of Effects
4 Other Effects
4.1 Faster Fleet Turnover
4.2 Air Quality
4.3 Economic Benefits
4.4 Social Benefits of Transportation Access
4.5 Land Use Benefits
4.6 Safety Benefits
4.7 Interaction with Mass Transit
5 Future Analysis Needs
6 Conclusion
References
Part IV Technical Progress
Disruptive Innovation on the Path to Sustainable Mobility: Creating a Roadmap for Road Transportation in the United States
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 History of Automotive Transportation in the United States
3 Automotive Transportation Legacy
4 Three Communities
4.1 Telematics: Information and Digital Maps
4.2 Connected Vehicles: Safety and Much More
4.3 Automated Vehicles: Crashless to Driverless
5 Conclusion
References
CityMobil2: Challenges and Opportunities of Fully Automated Mobility
Abstract
1 Challenges and Opportunities of Fully Automated Mobility
2 Vehicle Automation Levels and Their Benefits
2.1 Safety
2.2 Capacity
2.3 Environment
2.4 Lifestyle and Business Model
3 Which Automated Transport in Which Part of the City
4 How to Integrate Automated Road Transport Systems in Urban Areas
5 Requirements for ARTS
6 Conclusions
References
A Partial Reality Experimental System for Human-in-the-Loop Testing of Connected and Automated Vehicle Applications: Development, Validation and Applications
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Integrated Traffic-Driving-Networking Simulator
2.1 Rationale for an Integrated Simulator
2.2 UB 3-in-1 Integrated Traffic, Driving and Network Simulator
3 Current Work on Validating and Extending ITDNS
3.1 ITDNS Validation
3.2 Connecting Multiple Driving Simulators
4 ITDNS Applications
4.1 Eco-Signal Application
4.2 Adaptive Cruise Control
4.2.1 Experimental Design
4.2.2 Preliminary Results
5 Conclusions
References
Evaluation of Automated Road Vehicles
Abstract
1 Motivation
2 Evaluation Approach for ADAS
3 Requirements on the Evaluation of Automated Driving
4 Evaluation of Automated Driving Applications
4.1 Technical Evaluation
4.2 User-Related Evaluation
4.3 Impact Assessment
5 Summary and Outlook
References
Advanced Intersection Traffic Control Strategies Accommodating Autonomous Vehicles
Abstract
1 Autonomous Vehicles and Traffic Signal Operations
1.1 What Could Traffic Control Systems Do with Data From Autonomous Vehicles?
1.2 What Could Autonomous Vehicles Do with Better Traffic Controls?
2 Exploratory Research Should Consider Phased Implementation
3 Conclusion
References
Synergies Between Vehicle Automation, Telematics Connectivity, and Electric Propulsion
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Problem 1: Oil Dependence in Transportation
1.2 Problem 2: Fatalities and Injuries from Accidents
1.3 Problem 3: Congested Roadways
1.4 Problem 4: Underutilization of Public Transit
1.5 Framework for Improvement
2 Electric Propulsion: Moving From Oil to Electricity in Surface Transportation
2.1 Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
2.2 Reduction of Criteria Pollutants
2.3 Improvement to the National Economy Through Greater Efficiency and a Reduced Trade Deficit
2.4 National Security Improvements Through Reduced World Oil Dependence and Reliance on Unstable Regimes
2.5 Reduction of Water and Noise Pollution
3 Synergies Between the Three Emerging Vehicle Technologies
4 The Interface of Cars with Livability and Smart Growth
5 A Large-Scale Integrated Demonstration Project at Joint Base Lewis McChord
6 Conclusion
References
Toward a Systematic Approach to the Design and Evaluation of Automated Mobility-on-Demand Systems: A Case Study in Singapore
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Shared-Mobility Systems
3 Fleet Sizing for Automated Mobility-on-Demand Systems
3.1 Problem Formulation
3.2 Minimum Fleet Sizing
3.3 Performance-Driven Fleet Sizing
4 Data Sources
5 Sizing an AMoD Solution for Singapore
5.1 Minimum Fleet Sizing
5.2 Performance-Driven Fleet Sizing
6 Financial Analysis
6.1 The Explicit Cost of Mobility
6.2 The Hidden Cost of Mobility
6.3 Alternate Mobility Models
6.4 Discussion
7 Conclusions and Future Directions
References
Automated Truck Platoon Control and Field Test
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Design, Implementation and Testing of Automated Truck Platoon
2.1 Using DSRC in Automated Truck Control
2.2 Development of Automated Truck Platoon
2.3 Truck System Modeling and Control System Structure
2.4 Sensors and Actuators
2.5 Practical String Stability for Vehicle Platooning
2.6 Control System Implementation and Field Tests
2.7 Test Results
3 Maneuver Capability of Automated Trucks
3.1 Variable Maximum Speed with Constant Following Distance
3.2 Individual Splitting/Joining
3.3 Simultaneous Splitting/Joining
3.4 Ascending and Descending a Hill
4 Fault Detection and Handling
5 Fuel Economy Analysis
6 Concluding Remarks
References
22 Erratum to: An Analysis of Possible Energy Impacts of Automated Vehicles
Erratum to:Chapter "An Analysis of Possible Energy Impacts of Automated Vehicles" in: G. Meyer and S. Beiker (eds.), Road Vehicle Automation, Lecture Notes in Mobility, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05990-7_13

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