IMRT, IGRT, SBRT

1 - Cover [Seite 1]
2 - Contents [Seite 6]
3 - Preface [Seite 10]
4 - Introduction [Seite 12]
4.1 - Advances in the Planning and Delivery of Radiotherapy: New Expectations, New Standards of Care [Seite 12]
4.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 12]
4.1.2 - The Expansion of Radiation Oncology Technologies [Seite 12]
4.1.3 - Target Volume Specification and Treatment: Issues of Accuracy [Seite 16]
4.1.4 - Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy/Image-Guided Radiation Therapy Planning and Delivery Technologies: Current Challenges [Seite 19]
4.1.5 - Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy [Seite 30]
4.1.6 - Radiation Dose and Second Cancers [Seite 32]
4.1.7 - Radiation Oncology Informatics [Seite 34]
4.1.8 - Conclusions [Seite 35]
4.1.9 - References [Seite 37]
5 - General Concepts and Methods [Seite 40]
5.1 - Advanced Technologies in the Radiotherapy Clinic: System Fundamentals [Seite 40]
5.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 40]
5.1.2 - A Typical Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Treatment Planning System [Seite 41]
5.1.3 - Target Localization and Image Guidance [Seite 43]
5.1.4 - Image Registration [Seite 52]
5.1.5 - Adaptive Radiotherapy [Seite 61]
5.1.6 - References [Seite 66]
6 - Economic Perspectives [Seite 71]
6.1 - Controversies in the Adoption of New Healthcare Technologies [Seite 71]
6.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 71]
6.1.2 - Health Technology Assessment [Seite 71]
6.1.3 - Payment Policy Development: Past and Present Realities, and Future Uncertainties [Seite 77]
6.1.4 - Cost-Effectiveness Methodologies, Implications in an Era of Value-Based Purchasing [Seite 83]
6.1.5 - Conclusions [Seite 88]
6.1.6 - References [Seite 89]
7 - IMRT: Advances in Treatment Design and Delivery [Seite 91]
7.1 - Clinical Implementation of Intensity-Modulated Arc Therapy [Seite 91]
7.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 91]
7.1.2 - Intensity-Modulated Arc Therapy: Basic Concepts [Seite 92]
7.1.3 - Why Rotational Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy? [Seite 93]
7.1.4 - Commercial Intensity-Modulated Arc Therapy Solutions [Seite 96]
7.1.5 - Clinical Implementation of Intensity-Modulated Arc Therapy [Seite 99]
7.1.6 - References [Seite 108]
8 - IGRT: Advances in Targeting Therapy [Seite 110]
8.1 - 4D Imaging and 4D Radiation Therapy: A New Era of Therapy Design and Delivery [Seite 110]
8.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 110]
8.1.2 - Impact of Breathing Motion on Images [Seite 111]
8.1.3 - Impact of Breathing Motion during Treatments [Seite 117]
8.1.4 - Methods to Account for Breathing Motion [Seite 120]
8.1.5 - Future Directions [Seite 126]
8.1.6 - Acknowledgements [Seite 127]
8.1.7 - References [Seite 127]
8.2 - Locating and Targeting Moving Tumors with Radiation Beams [Seite 129]
8.2.1 - Abstract [Seite 129]
8.2.2 - How Do We Locate the Moving Target? [Seite 133]
8.2.3 - How Do We Hit a Moving Target? [Seite 137]
8.2.4 - How Do We Create Integrated Systems to Locate and Hit Moving Targets? [Seite 139]
8.2.5 - Conclusions [Seite 139]
8.2.6 - References [Seite 140]
9 - Integrating IMRT and IGRT into Treatment Delivery [Seite 143]
9.1 - Technologies of Image Guidance and the Development of Advanced Linear Accelerator Systems for Radiotherapy [Seite 143]
9.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 143]
9.1.2 - Technologies to Meet the Goals of Image-Guided Radiation Therapy [Seite 146]
9.1.3 - Image Guidance Systems and Procedures [Seite 148]
9.1.4 - Cone-Beam CT for Linac-Based Image-Guided Radiation Therapy [Seite 154]
9.1.5 - Image Guidance: Meeting Future Needs [Seite 165]
9.1.6 - Conclusions [Seite 169]
9.1.7 - References [Seite 169]
9.2 - HelicalTomotherapy: Image-Guided and Adaptive Radiotherapy [Seite 176]
9.2.1 - Abstract [Seite 176]
9.2.2 - System Overview [Seite 177]
9.2.3 - Clinical Applications of Helical Tomotherapy [Seite 178]
9.2.4 - Daily Megavoltage-Based CT Imaging [Seite 179]
9.2.5 - Dose Evaluation and Adaptive Radiotherapy [Seite 186]
9.2.6 - Conclusions [Seite 190]
9.2.7 - References [Seite 190]
9.3 - The CyberKnife in Clinical Use: Current Roles, Future Expectations [Seite 192]
9.3.1 - Abstract [Seite 192]
9.3.2 - The CyberKnife System [Seite 192]
9.3.3 - Advances in CyberKnife Treatment Planning and Dose Delivery [Seite 194]
9.3.4 - Current Clinical Applications of CyberKnife [Seite 199]
9.3.5 - The Future of CyberKnife [Seite 202]
9.3.6 - References [Seite 203]
10 - Image Guidance and the New Practice of Radiotherapy: What to Know and Use from a Decade of Investigation [Seite 207]
10.1 - Abstract [Seite 207]
10.2 - The Rationale for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy: Perspectives on the Current Practice of Radiotherapy [Seite 207]
10.3 - Challenges in Image-Guided Radiation Therapy [Seite 213]
10.4 - Clinical Applications of Image-Guided Radiation Therapy [Seite 217]
10.5 - Adaptive Radiotherapy [Seite 223]
10.6 - Conclusions [Seite 225]
10.7 - References [Seite 226]
11 - Head and Neck Cancers [Seite 228]
11.1 - Intensity-Modulated and Image-Guided Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancers [Seite 228]
11.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 228]
11.1.2 - Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy/Image-Guided Radiation Therapy Planning for Head and Neck Cancers [Seite 229]
11.1.3 - Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas [Seite 245]
11.1.4 - Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Oropharyngeal Carcinomas [Seite 256]
11.1.5 - Conclusions [Seite 260]
11.1.6 - Guidelines for Clinical Practice [Seite 261]
11.1.7 - References [Seite 262]
11.2 - Delineating Neck Targets for Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy of Head and Neck Cancer [Seite 266]
11.2.1 - Abstract [Seite 266]
11.2.2 - Tumor and Target Volumes in the Neck [Seite 267]
11.2.3 - Target Doses and Techniques [Seite 275]
11.2.4 - Case Studies [Seite 278]
11.2.5 - Guidelines for Clinical Practice [Seite 278]
11.2.6 - References [Seite 280]
12 - Thoracic Cancers [Seite 282]
12.1 - Motion Management and Image Guidance for Thoracic Tumor Radiotherapy: Clinical Treatment Programs [Seite 282]
12.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 282]
12.1.2 - Practical Strategies for Managing Respiratory Motion [Seite 283]
12.1.3 - Case Example: Clinical Procedures for Respiratory Gating [Seite 298]
12.1.4 - References [Seite 302]
13 - Breast Cancer [Seite 303]
13.1 - Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer: Advances in Whole and Partial Breast Treatment [Seite 303]
13.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 303]
13.1.2 - Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and the Goals of Breast Radiotherapy [Seite 303]
13.1.3 - Improving Dose Homogeneity [Seite 305]
13.1.4 - Avoidance of Organs at Risk [Seite 308]
13.1.5 - Clinical Treatment Planning [Seite 311]
13.1.6 - Partial Breast Radiotherapy [Seite 315]
13.1.7 - Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and Partial Breast Irradiation [Seite 319]
13.1.8 - Guidelines for Clinical Practice [Seite 322]
13.1.9 - References [Seite 323]
14 - Abdominal Cancers [Seite 326]
14.1 - Image-Guided Radiotherapy Strategies in Upper Gastrointestinal Malignancies [Seite 326]
14.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 326]
14.1.2 - Immobilization and Motion Management in Upper Abdominal Malignancies [Seite 327]
14.1.3 - Image-Guided Radiotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer [Seite 328]
14.1.4 - Image-Guided Radiotherapy for Liver Cancer [Seite 336]
14.1.5 - Conclusions [Seite 338]
14.1.6 - Guidelines for Clinical Practice [Seite 339]
14.1.7 - Acknowledgements [Seite 340]
14.1.8 - References [Seite 340]
15 - Lymphomas [Seite 342]
15.1 - Radiotherapy Planning for the Lymphomas: Expanding Roles for Biologic Imaging [Seite 342]
15.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 342]
15.1.2 - Initial Staging [Seite 343]
15.1.3 - Response Evaluation [Seite 345]
15.1.4 - Radiation Therapy Planning [Seite 348]
15.1.5 - Clinical Trials Utilizing PET [Seite 352]
15.1.6 - Guidelines for Clinical Practice [Seite 353]
15.1.7 - References [Seite 354]
16 - Prostate Cancer [Seite 355]
16.1 - Image-Guided, Adaptive Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer: Toward New Standards of Radiotherapy Practice [Seite 355]
16.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 355]
16.1.2 - Prostate Radiotherapy: A Model for Adaptive Image-Guided Radiotherapy [Seite 356]
16.1.3 - Dosimetric Impact of Motion in Prostate Radiotherapy [Seite 357]
16.1.4 - Solutions to Motion and Deformation in Prostate Image-Guided Radiotherapy [Seite 370]
16.1.5 - Guidelines for Clinical Practice [Seite 377]
16.1.6 - References [Seite 378]
17 - SBRT Advances [Seite 381]
17.1 - The Expanding Roles of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Oligofractionation: Toward a New Practice of Radiotherapy [Seite 381]
17.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 381]
17.1.2 - The Radiobiology of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy [Seite 382]
17.1.3 - Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Applications [Seite 385]
17.1.4 - Future Directions for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy [Seite 389]
17.1.5 - Conclusions [Seite 391]
17.1.6 - References [Seite 391]
17.2 - Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: Normal Tissue and Tumor Control Effects with Large Dose per Fraction [Seite 393]
17.2.1 - Abstract [Seite 393]
17.2.2 - Traditional Radiobiology [Seite 394]
17.2.3 - Modeling the Survival Curve [Seite 396]
17.2.4 - Biologically Equivalent Dose [Seite 397]
17.2.5 - Organ/Tissue Function and Microscopic Architecture [Seite 398]
17.2.6 - Serially Functioning Tissue Macroscopic Architecture [Seite 401]
17.2.7 - Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Ablation [Seite 402]
17.2.8 - Normal Tissue Consequences of Ablative Dose Delivery [Seite 403]
17.2.9 - Tumor Control Dose [Seite 404]
17.2.10 - Conclusions [Seite 404]
17.2.11 - References [Seite 405]
18 - Thoracic Cancers [Seite 406]
18.1 - Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Thoracic Cancers: Recommendations for Patient Selection, Setup and Therapy [Seite 406]
18.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 406]
18.1.2 - Prospective Testing of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy [Seite 407]
18.1.3 - A Guide to Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: Procedures and Practice [Seite 411]
18.1.4 - Guidelines for Clinical Practice [Seite 421]
18.1.5 - References [Seite 421]
19 - Gastrointestinal Cancers [Seite 423]
19.1 - Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Gastrointestinal Malignancies [Seite 423]
19.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 423]
19.1.2 - Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancers [Seite 424]
19.1.3 - Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Hepatic Malignancies [Seite 432]
19.1.4 - Guidelines for Clinical Practice [Seite 436]
19.1.5 - References [Seite 437]
20 - Genitourinary Cancers [Seite 439]
20.1 - Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Current Results of a Phase II Trial [Seite 439]
20.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 439]
20.1.2 - Phase II Trial for Hypofractionated Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer [Seite 439]
20.1.3 - Trial Results [Seite 444]
20.1.4 - Guidelines for Clinical Care [Seite 448]
20.1.5 - References [Seite 448]
21 - Techniques and Technologies [Seite 449]
22 - Proton Therapy: Clinical Gains through Current and Future Treatment Programs [Seite 449]
22.1 - Abstract [Seite 449]
22.2 - The State of the Art in Proton Therapy [Seite 451]
22.3 - Current and Future Developments in Clinical Proton Technology [Seite 460]
22.4 - Conclusions: Future Proton Technologies [Seite 472]
22.5 - References [Seite 473]
23 - Medical Applications and Advances [Seite 474]
23.1 - Proton Therapy in the Clinic [Seite 474]
23.2 - Abstract [Seite 474]
23.3 - Rationale for Protons [Seite 475]
23.4 - Protons: Clinical Advantages and Special Concerns [Seite 475]
23.5 - Proton Radiotherapy Treatment Planning [Seite 479]
23.6 - Issues in the Utilization of Proton Radiotherapy [Seite 482]
23.7 - Protons: Clinical Experience [Seite 484]
23.8 - Protons: How User Friendly? [Seite 489]
23.9 - Protons: Current Challenges [Seite 491]
23.10 - Guidelines for Clinical Practice [Seite 493]
23.11 - References [Seite 493]
24 - Author Index [Seite 495]
25 - Subject Index [Seite 496]