The Possibility of Language

Name: The Possibility of Language | A discussion of the nature of language, with implications for human and machine translation
Brand: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Price: 136.99 EUR
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A discussion of the nature of language, with implications for human and machine translation

Alan K. Melby Terry Warner(Autor*in)

John Benjamins Publishing Company

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 8. Dezember 1995

XXVI, 276 Seiten

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Inhalt

THE POSSIBILITY OF LANGUAGE
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Dedication
Table of contents
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Rapprochement and reconciliation
Languages and machines
Preface
1. Limits in Search of a Cause
1.1 An answer
1.2 A mascot for translation
1.3 Some difficulties in translation
1.4 Some issues in translation theories
2. Machine Translation
2.1 The fascination of machine translation
2.2 A brief history of machine translation
2.3 Problems with tuning in early systems
2.4 The Systran machine translation system
2.5 Bar-Hillel
2.6 A government report and its aftermath
2.7 Personal encounters with machine translation
2.8 Giving up fully automatic translation
2.9 Giving up high-quality translation
2.10 Living with restricted text
2.11 Some recent events in machine translation
2.12 Some issues in machine translation
3. The Wall
3.1 The fascination of universal sememes
3.2 Hitting the wall surrounding domain-specific machine translation
3.3 The nature of the wall: two kinds of language
3.4 The search for a term to cover both sides
3.5 The clay/stone analogy
3.6 Fundamental ambiguity versus superficial ambiguity
3.7 Evidence for the general/domain distinction
3.7.1 Examples of dynamic versus static LTUs in LSP text
3.7.2 Asymmetry as evidence
3.7.3 Asymmetry of homographs
3.7.4 Asymmetry of evolving word senses
3.7.5 Asymmetry of holes
3.7.6 Asymmetry of subdivisions
3.7.7 Dynamic asymmetry
3.7.8 Summary of observations concerning asymmetry
3.7.9 Evidence from NLP
3.7.10 Speech processing
3.7.11 Microworlds
3.7.12 User interfaces
3.8 Summary of chapter to this point
3.9 Mainstream linguistics and the general/domain distinction
3.9.1 Isolated sentences and autonomous syntax
3.9.2 Generative Grammar's domain
3.9.3 Superficial or fundamental ambiguity ?
3.9.4 Closed or open infinity
3.10 Linguistics and machine translation
3.11 George Lakoff
3.12 The wall between Lakoff and objectivist approaches
4. Possibilities
4.1 The tradition of bottom-up processing from primitives
4.1.1 Concepts and rules as given
4.1.2 Our intellectual heritage
4.1.3 Chomsky's solution to the problem of the given
4.2 Concepts as arbitrary
4.3 The search for an alternative
4.4 An introduction to Levinas
4.5 An approach to how language is possible
4.6 Grounding and acquisition
4.7 Release from prison
5. Implications
5.1 A review of our basis
5.1.1 An image with multiple interpretations
5.1.2 Techniques that do not extend to general language
5.1.3 Avoiding objectivism
5.1.4 What is needed
5.1.5 Requirements for the possibility of language
5.2 Overview of implications
5.3 Some implications for translation theory
5.3.1 A multidimensional approach with specifications
5.3.2 More discussion of issues from chapter 1
5.3.3 A brief look at some approaches to translation
5.4 Some implications for translation technology
5.4.1 Bitext and translation
5.4.2 On the horizon
5.5 Alternatives and risks
Appendix
A.1 Samples of machine translation
A.2 A sample indicative translation scenario
A.3 Types of text and pre-editing
Endnotes
Bibliography
Glossary
Subject Index
Author Index

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