The ASQ Certified Six Sigma Black Belt Handbook

Name: The ASQ Certified Six Sigma Black Belt Handbook
Brand: ASQ Quality Press
Price: 146.99 EUR
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Mary McShane-Vaughn(Autor*in)

ASQ Quality Press

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Erschienen am 11. Januar 2023

1010 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Table of Contents
List of Figures and Tables
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Acknowledgments
About the Editor
Acronym Glossary
ASQ Six Sigma Black Belt Certification Body of Knowledge (2022)
Part I: Organization-Wide Planning and Deployment
Chapter 1: Organization-Wide Considerations
Fundamentals of Six Sigma and Lean Methodologies
Six Sigma
Philosophy
Methodology
Statistical Standard
Lean
Lean and Six Sigma
Lean Six Sigma Maturity Model
Six Sigma, Lean, and Continuous Improvement Methodologies
Using Lean Six Sigma
Screening Criteria
Relationships Among Business Systems and Processes
Business Systems
Processes
Internal and External Stakeholders
Strategic Planning and Deployment for Initiatives
Return on Investment
Measured Intangibles
SWOT Analysis
Contingency and Continuity Planning
Chapter 2: Leadership
Roles and Responsibilities
Executive Leadership
Champion or Sponsor
Process Owner
Master Black Belts
Black Belts
Green Belts
Yellow Belts
White Belts
Finance
Coaches
Organizational Barriers
Organization Structure
Organization Culture
Causes for Six Sigma Failures
Training Programs
Arbitrary Requirements
Lack of Resources
Poor Project Selection
Critical Success Factors
Change Management
Stakeholder Analysis
Readiness Assessment
Proactive Change Management
Communication Plans
Part II: Organizational Process Management and Measures
Chapter 3: Impact on Stakeholders
Identifying Stakeholders
Stakeholder Analysis
Chapter 4: Benchmarking
Types of Benchmarking
Benchmarking Methodologies
Dangers of Benchmarking
Selecting Measures and Performance Goals
Chapter 5: Business Measures
Performance Measures
Balanced Scorecard
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
Features of Good KPIs
Choosing KPIs
Suboptimized Systems
Key Behavior Indicators (KBIs)
Objectives and Key Results (OKRs)
Common Customer Loyalty Metrics
Leading and Lagging Indicators
Creating Line of Sight from Measures to Strategies
Financial Measures
Revenue Growth
Market Share
Margin
Simple ROI
Net Present Value
Discounted ROI
Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
Defining Hard versus Soft Dollars
False Savings
Identifying Project Savings
Part III: Team Management
Chapter 6: Team Formation
Team Types and Constraints
Team Roles and Responsibilities
Team Member Selection Criteria
Other Considerations
Team Success Factors
Chapter 7: Team Facilitation
Motivation Techniques
Recognition
Rewards
Relationships Within the Team
Demotivating Factors
The Five Dysfunctions of a Team
Team Stages of Development
Team Communication
Communicating Within the Team
Communication Outside the Team
Team Leadership Models
Chapter 8: Team Dynamics
Group Behaviors
Group Disruptive Behaviors
Individual Disruptive Behaviors
Leading Group Discussions
Facilitation Behaviors to Avoid
Conflict Management
Coaching
Mentoring
Intervention Strategies
Meeting Management
Team Decision-Making Methods
Consensus-Building
Nominal Group Technique (NGT)
Multi-Voting
The Vroom-Yetton Decision-Making Model
Chapter 9: Team Training
Needs Assessment
The ADDIE Training Development Model
Lean Learning Model
Needs Assessment
The Importance of a Training Needs Analysis
The Training Matrix
The Importance of Training Plans
Components of an Effective Training Plan
Applying the Training Plan
Developing Training Materials and Resources
Delivery
Adult Learning Theory
Assumptions About Adult Learners
Characteristics That Affect Adult Learners
The Forgetting Curve
Delivery Modalities
In-Person Learning
Online Learning
Blended Learning
On-the-Job Training (OJT)
Coaching
Job Aids
Soft Skills
Delivery Methods
Lectures and Presentations
Discussion Format
Experiential Training
Case Studies
Workbooks
Instructional Games, Simulations, and Role-Playing
Evaluation
Data Collection Methods
The Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model
Part IV: Define
Chapter 10: Voice of the Customer
Customer Identification
Customer Data Collection
Data Validity and Reliability
Designing a Data Collection System
Customer Requirements
Critical To X (CTX) Requirements
Critical-to-Quality Flow-Down
Quality Function Deployment
Suppliers-Inputs-Process-Outputs-Customers (SIPOC)
Kano Model
Chapter 11: Business Case and Project Charter
Business Case
Problem Statement
Goals and Objectives
Project Team
Project Scope
Dimensional Method
Functional Method
Project Plan
Charter Housekeeping Considerations
Project Performance Measurements
Project Charter Review
Chapter 12: Project Management (PM) Tools
Gantt Charts
Tollgate Reviews
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Raci Model (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed)
Chapter 13: Analytical Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Tree Diagrams
Matrix Diagram
Prioritization Matrix
Activity Network Diagram
Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC)
Interrelationship Digraph (ID)
Part V: Measure
Chapter 14: Process Characteristics
Process Flow Metrics
Hidden Factory
Process Analysis Tools
Flowcharts
Process Maps
Categorizing and Classifying Process Input Variables
Gaining Insights from the Process Map
Value Stream Maps
Current State
Future State
Work Instructions
Spaghetti Diagrams
Gemba Walk
Chapter 15: Data Collection
Types of Data
Qualitative and Quantitative Data
Discrete and Continuous Data
Measurement Scales
Sampling
Sampling Concepts
Types of Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Subgroup Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Block Sampling
Determining the Sample Size
What Makes a Good Sampling Design?
Data Collection Plans and Methods
Establishing an Operational Definition
Data Integrity
Importance of Data Accuracy
Minimizing Poor Data Accuracy
Common Data Collection Points
Data Processing Tools
Check Sheets
Data Normalization
Collecting Seasonal Data
Data Collection Strategies
Chapter 16: Measurement Systems
Measurement System Analysis (MSA)
Terminology
Guidelines for Determining Whether a Measurement System Is Acceptable
Components of a Measurement System
Types of Measurement Systems Analysis
AIAG Method
ANOVA Method
Control Chart Method
Attribute Agreement Analysis
Attribute Gage Study-Analytic Method
Measurement Systems Across the Organization
Metrology
Chapter 17: Basic Statistics
Basic Statistical Terms
Central Limit Theorem
Descriptive Statistics
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Dispersion
Other Useful Descriptive Statistics
Graphical Methods
Frequency Distribution
Histogram
Box-and-Whisker Plot
Scatter Plots
Normal Probability Plot
Constructing a Normal Probability Plot
Interpreting Normal Probability Plots
Stem-and-Leaf Diagram
Valid Statistical Conclusions
Chapter 18: Probability
Basic Concepts
Events, Trials, and Outcomes
Classical versus Empirical Probability
Unions and Intersections
Complement Rule
Independence
Mutually Exclusive Events
Conditional Probability
Multiplication Rule
Addition Rule
Counting Techniques
Factorial
Permutations
Combinations
Configurations
Common Distributions
Binomial Distribution
Binomial Probability Mass Function
Binomial Parameters, Expected Value, and Variance
Poisson Distribution
Poisson Probability Mass Function
Poisson Parameters, Expected Value, and Variance
The Normal Distribution
Normal Probability Density Function
Normal Distribution Parameter Estimators
Uses and Applications
Normal Distribution Connection to Statistical Process Control
The Standard Normal Distribution
Standard Normal Probability Density Function
Areas Under the Curve
Using the Cumulative Standard Normal Table
Student's t Distribution
Student's t Probability Density Function
Distribution Shape
Using the Student's t Table
Uses and Applications
Chi-Square Distribution
Chi-Square Probability Density Function
Distribution Shape
Using the Chi-Square Distribution Table
Uses and Applications
The F Distribution
F Probability Density Function
Distribution Shape
Using the F Distribution Table
Uses and Applications
Additional Distributions
Hypergeometric Distribution
Hypergeometric Probability Mass Function
Parameters, Expected Value, and Variance
Distribution Shape
Uses and Applications
Bivariate Normal Distribution
Uses and Applications
Exponential Distribution
Probability Density Function
Distribution Shape
Memoryless Property of the Exponential Distribution
Exponential Connection to the Poisson Distribution
Uses and Applications
Lognormal Distribution
Probability Density Function
Distribution Shape
Uses and Applications
Weibull Distribution
Probability Density Function
Distribution Shape
Applications and Uses
Chapter 19: Process Capability
Process Capability Indices
Natural Process Variation, or Natural Tolerance (NT)
Estimating s from a Control Chart
Cp
Cpk
Cpm
Process Performance Indices
Pp
Ppk
Ppm
Process Sigma
General Process Capability Studies
Conducting a Process Capability Study
Confidence Interval for Cpk
Process Capability for Attributes Data
Process Capability for Non-Normal Data
Process Performance versus Specification
Natural Process and Specification Limits
Process Perfomance Metrics
Percentage Defective
Parts per Million (ppm)
Defects per Unit (DPU)
Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO)
First Pass Yield (FPY)
Rolled Throughput Yield (RTY)
Short-Term and Long-Term Capability
Short-Term Capability
Long-Term Capability
The 1.5 Sigma Shift
Relationship Between Long-Term and Short-Term Capability
Part VI: Analyze
Chapter 20: Measuring and Modeling Relationships Between Variables
Introduction
Linear Correlation
Graphical Methods
Linear Correlation Coefficient
Covariance and Independence
Calculating Linear Correlation
Hypothesis Tests for the Correlation Coefficient ?
Confidence Interval for ?
Correlation versus Causation
Linear Regression
Simple Linear Regression Motivation and Definition
Connection Between Correlation Coefficient and Regression Slope
Hypothesis Test for Regression Coefficients
Interpreting Computer Output for Simple Linear Regression
Linear Regression Assumptions
Normality Assumption
Constant Variance Assumption
Independence Assumption
Using the Model for Prediction
Extrapolation
Multiple Linear Regression
Multicollinearity
Model-Building Strategies
Multivariate Tools
Factor Analysis
Principal Components Analysis
Discriminant Analysis
Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)
Chapter 21: Hypothesis Testing
Terminology
Statistical versus Practical Significance
Point and Intervals Estimates
Point Estimates
Unbiased Estimators
Efficient Estimators
Confidence Intervals
Confidence Intervals on One Population Mean
Confidence Intervals on Two Population Means
Confidence Intervals on the Mean Difference from Paired Data
Confidence Intervals on One and Two Population Variances
Confidence Intervals on One or Two Population Standard Deviations
Confidence Intervals on Population Proportions
Prediction Intervals
Tolerance Intervals
Tests for Means, Variances, and Proportions
Procedure for Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis Tests on One Population Mean
Hypothesis Tests on Two Population Means
Hypothesis Test for the Population Mean Difference from Paired Data
Hypothesis Tests on One and Two Population Variances or Standard Deviations
Hypothesis Test on Population Proportions
Equivalence Tests
Nonparametric Tests
Sample Size
Sample Size to Achieve a Specified Margin of Error
Sample Size to Detect a Difference with a Specified Probability
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
One-Way ANOVA
Tests After ANOVA
Two-Way ANOVA
Goodness of Fit (Chi-Square) Test
Chi-Square Test of Association
Chapter 22: Risk Analysis and Management
Types of Risk
Risk Management
Identifying Risk
Assessing and Prioritizing Risk
Mitigating Risk
Supplier Risk
Cybersecurity Risk
The FMEA Tool
Types of FMEAs
The PFMEA Document
Developing FMEA Scales
Action Priority Table
Useful Tips
Up-Front Work
Chapter 23: Additional Analysis Methods
Gap Analysis
Root Cause Analysis
5 Whys
Pareto Chart
Fault Tree Analysis
Cause-and-Effect Diagram
A3 Analysis
Waste Analysis
Helpful Mnemonics
Part VII: Improve
Chapter 24: Design of Experiments (DOE)
Terminology
Design Principles
Coded Factor Levels
Power and Sample Size
Repeated Measures (Repetition)
Replication
Confounding
Order
Randomization
Blocking
Main Effect
Interaction Effect
Balanced Design
Resolution
Source Table
Planning Experiments
Choosing the Appropriate Design: Sequential Experimentation
One-Factor Experiments
Completely Randomized Design
Randomized Complete Block Design
Latin Square
Full-Factor Experiments
2k Full-Factorial Designs
Center Points
Two-Level Fractional Factorial Experiments
Chapter 25: Lean Methods
Waste Elimination
Kanban
Pull Systems
5S
Standard Work
Poka-Yoke
Cycle-Time Reduction
Continuous Flow Manufacturing
Reducing Changeover Time
Heijunka (Production Leveling)
Volume Leveling
Product Leveling
Kaizen
Other Improvement Tools and Techniques
Drum-Buffer-Rope
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)
Six Big Losses
Part VIII: Control
Chapter 27: Statistical Process Control
Objectives
Special Cause versus Common Cause Variation
Basic Structure of a Control Chart
Selection of Variables
Rational Subgrouping
Control Chart Selection
Types of Control Charts
Variables Charts
Control Limits
The X and R Chart
X and R Chart Control Limits
The X and S Chart
X and S Chart Control Limits
The Individual and Moving Range (ImR) Charts
ImR Chart Control Limits
Attributes Charts
p-Chart and Control Limits
np-Chart Control Limits
c-Chart Control Limits
u-Chart Control Limits
Short-Run Control Charts
Key Considerations When Using a Short-Run Chart
Constructing a Short-Run Chart
Moving Average and Moving Range (MAMR) Chart
Control Chart Analysis
Rules for Determining Statistical Control
Rule 1: One Point Beyond Zone A, Either Side
Rule 2: Nine Points in a Row on One Side of the Center Line
Rule 3: Six Points in a Row Steadily Increasing or Decreasing
Rule 4: Fourteen Points in a Row Alternating Up and Down
Rule 5: Two Out of Three Points in Zone A, Same Side
Rule 6: Four Out of Five Points in Zone B or Beyond, Same Side
Rule 7: Fifteen Points in a Row in Zone C, Either Side
Rule 8: Eight Points in a Row in Zones B and A, Either Side
Interpreting Control Charts
Chapter 28: Other Controls
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)
Visual Controls
Chapter 29: Maintain Controls
Measurement System Reanalysis
Control Plan
Monitoring
Detection and Diagnosis
Reaction
Chapter 30: Sustain Improvements
Lessons Learned
Documentation
Training for Process Owners and Staff
Ongoing Evaluation
Replication
Part IX: Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) Framework and Methodologies
Chapter 31: Common DFSS Methodologies
DMADV
DMADOV
DCOV
Chapter 32: Design for X (DFX)
Design for Cost
Purchase Cost
Life Cycle Cost (LCC)
Design for Manufacturing/Design for Producibility/Design for Assembly
Design for Test
Design for Maintainability/Design for Service
Chapter 33: Robust Designs
Robust Product Design
Functional Requirements
Noise Strategies
Tolerance Design
Tolerancing Methods
Conventional Tolerances
Statistical Tolerances
Tolerance Intervals
The Taguchi Loss Function
Part X: Appendices
Appendix A: ASQ Code of Ethics
Appendix B.1: Binomial Distribution Table .
Appendix B.2: Cumulative Binomial Distribution Table
Appendix C.1: Poisson Distribution Table
Appendix C.2: Cumulative Poisson Distribution Table
Appendix D: Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution Table
Appendix E: Student's t Distribution Table
Appendix F: Chi-Square Distribution Table
Appendix G: Cumulative F Distribution
Appendix G.1: F(0.01) Distribution Table
Appendix G.2: F(0.025) Distribution Table
Appendix G.3: F(0.05) Distribution Table
Appendix G.4: F(0.10) Distribution Table
Appendix G.5: F(0.90) Distribution Table
Appendix G.6: F(0.95) Distribution Table
Appendix G.7: F(0.975) Distribution Table
Appendix G.8: F(0.99) Distribution Table
Appendix H: Normal Scores Table
Appendix I: Equivalent Sigma Levels, Percent Yield, Percent Defective, and ppm
Appendix J.1: Factors for One-Sided Tolerance Limits
Appendix J.2: Factors for Two-Sided Tolerance Limits
Appendix K.1: Control Limits for Variables Charts
Appendix K.2: Control Limits for Attributes Charts
Appendix K.3: Control Limits for Short-run Charts
Appendix K.4: Control Chart Constants
Appendix K.5: Factors for Estimating sX
Appendix L: Glossary of Lean Six Sigma and Related Terms
Bibliography
Index

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