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With an emphasis on the disease conditions of dogs, cats, horses, swine, cattle and small ruminants, Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals, 6th Edition continues its long tradition of being the most comprehensive reference book on common domestic mammal pathology. Using a body systems approach, veterinary pathology experts provide overviews of general system characteristics, reactions to insult, and disease conditions that are broken down by type of infectious or toxic insult affecting the anatomical subdivisions of each body system. The sixth edition now boasts a new full-color design, including more than 2,000 high-resolution images of normal and abnormal organs, tissues, and cells. Updated content also includes evolved coverage of disease agents such as the Schmallenberg virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and the porcine deltacoronavirus; plus new information on molecular-based testing, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in-situ hybridization, keep you abreast of the latest diagnostic capabilities.
Linden E. Craig, Keren E. Dittmer, Keith G. Thompson
DISEASES OF BONES 17
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 17
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BONE TISSUE 17
Cellular elements 17
Bone matrix 19
Matrix mineralization 20
Structural organization of bone tissue 20
Development and anatomy 21
Hormonal regulation of physeal growth 24
Modeling 24
Remodeling 26
Markers of remodeling 27
Blood supply 27
POSTMORTEM EXAMINATION OF THE SKELETON 28
Gross examination 28
Histologic techniques and stains 28
Preparation artifacts in histologic sections 29
Other laboratory techniques 29
RESPONSE TO MECHANICAL FORCES AND INJURY 30
Mechanical forces 30
Growth plate damage 30
Angular limb deformities 31
Periosteal damage 33
Fracture repair 33
Types of fractures 34
Process of fracture repair 34
Complications of fracture repair 35
Stress-related lesions in horses 36
GENETIC AND CONGENITAL DISEASES OF BONE 36
Generalized skeletal dysplasias 37
Chondrodysplasias 37
Chondrodysplasias of cattle 38
Chondrodysplasias of sheep 40
Chondrodysplasias of pigs 42
Chondrodysplasias of horses 42
Chondrodysplasias of dogs 43
Chondrodysplasias of cats 45
Osteogenesis imperfecta 46
Osteopetrosis 50
Congenital hyperostosis 53
Osteochondromatosis 54
Idiopathic multifocal osteopathy 54
Localized skeletal dysplasias 54
Limb dysplasias 54
Skull anomalies 56
Sternum and ribs 56
Pelvis 56
Vertebrae 57
Genetic diseases indirectly affecting the skeleton 57
Lysosomal storage diseases 57
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria 59
NUTRITIONAL AND HORMONAL BONE DISEASES 60
Nutritional imbalances affecting skeletal growth 60
Calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D deficiency 61
Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis 61
Osteoporosis 63
Rickets and osteomalacia 68
Fibrous osteodystrophy 74
Other mineral imbalances 80
Other vitamin imbalances 82
TOXIC BONE DISEASES 84
Molybdenosis 84
Fluorosis 84
Lead toxicity 86
Vitamin A toxicity 86
Vitamin D toxicity 89
Plant toxicities 90
Other toxicities 91
HYPEROSTOTIC DISEASES 91
Craniomandibular osteopathy 91
Calvarial hyperostosis of Bullmastiffs 92
Hypertrophic osteopathy 92
Canine hepatozoonosis 94
OSTEONECROSIS 94
Morphology and fate of necrotic bone 95
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease 97
INFLAMMATORY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF BONES 97
Bacterial osteomyelitis 98
Fungal osteomyelitis 103
Viral infections of bones 104
Metaphyseal osteopathy 105
Canine panosteitis 106
TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS OF BONES 107
Bone-forming tumors 109
Osteoma, ossifying fibroma, and fibrous dysplasia 109
Osteosarcoma 110
Cartilage-forming tumors 116
Chondroma 116
Osteochondroma 116
Multilobular tumor of bone 117
Chondrosarcoma 118
Fibrous tumors of bones 121
Vascular tumors of bones 122
Other primary bone tumors 122
Secondary tumors of bones 124
Tumor-like lesions of bones 125
DISEASES OF JOINTS 128
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 128
Fibrous joints 128
Cartilaginous joints 128
Synovial joints 129
Response of articular cartilage to injury 131
DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES OF JOINTS 132
Osteochondrosis 132
Hip dysplasia 135
Cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation 136
Luxations and subluxations 137
DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF JOINTS 137
Synovial joints 137
Cartilaginous joints 143
Spondylosis 145
INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF JOINTS 146
Fibrinous arthritis 146
Purulent (suppurative) arthritis 147
Infectious arthritis 148
Bacterial arthritis 148
Viral arthritis 154
Fungal arthritis 154
Protozoal arthritis 155
Miscellaneous inflammatory lesions of joint structures 155
Bursitis 155
Diskospondylitis 156
Calcium crystal–associated arthropathy (pseudogout) 156
Immune-mediated polyarthritis 157
TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS OF JOINTS 159
Malignant tumors 159
Synovial cell sarcoma 159
Histiocytic sarcoma 159
Other sarcomas 160
Benign tumors 160
Synovial myxoma 160
Non-neoplastic lesions 162
Synovial chondromatosis 162
Synovial cysts 162
Synovial pad proliferation 163
The update of the chapter is based on previous editions by Dr. Ken Jubb and Dr. Nigel Palmer. It is an honor to follow in their footsteps. We are grateful to the many pathologists who contributed illustrations to this chapter.
Bone is a highly specialized connective tissue, its properties depending largely on the unique nature of its extracellular matrix. In addition to providing mechanical support and protecting key organ systems from traumatic injury, bone is intimately involved in the homeostasis of calcium, an essential cation in a wide range of...
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