Pesticide Application Methods

Name: Pesticide Application Methods
Brand: Wiley
Price: 126.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

G. A. Matthews Roy Bateman(Autor*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

5. Auflage

Erschienen am 18. Juli 2025

470 Seiten

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978-1-394-26221-2 (ISBN)

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Beschreibung

The definitive guide to modern pesticide application methods for effective and sustainable crop protection

As precision agriculture continues to evolve, Pesticide Application Methods serves as an essential reference for professionals in crop protection. With comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of pesticide application technologies, this leading guide covers the foundational principles of pesticide application whilst delving into advanced techniques that enhance efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and integrate seamlessly into sustainable agriculture practices. Drawing on decades of practical expertise, authors Graham Matthews and Roy Bateman provide a thorough grounding in both the theory and practice of pesticide application, ranging from traditional hydraulic sprayers to cutting-edge drone technology.

The fifth edition of Pesticide Application Methods offers substantial new and updated content, reflecting the latest advancements in crop protection and application technology. This edition incorporates emerging practices in regenerative agriculture, with a focus on selecting pest-resistant crop varieties to reduce chemical dependency. New coverage includes unmanned aerial systems (UAS) for targeted application, electrostatic sprayers that minimise drift and enhance precision, and the integration of sustainable biopesticides and biorationals into pest management strategies. Throughout this edition, updated regulatory insights and training standards ensure that practitioners remain compliant with evolving safety protocols, including the EU "Green Deal" objectives on sustainable pesticide use.

Continuing to set the standard for professionals in crop protection, Pesticide Application Methods, Fifth Edition:

Offers in-depth guidance on modern pesticide application techniques, with a focus on sustainable practices and precision targeting
Contains essential information on operator training, equipment maintenance, and certification requirements for pesticide application
Features dedicated chapters on specialised techniques such as robotic applications and aerial spraying
Provides guidelines for maintaining and calibrating application equipment to enhance longevity and efficiency
Includes clear and practical diagrams, photos, and colour illustrations to enhance understanding of complex equipment and techniques

Incorporating the latest research in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), Pesticide Application Methods, Fifth Edition is ideal for upper-level students in agricultural sciences, crop protection, entomology, and plant pathology programmes, as well as for crop protection specialists, plant scientists, agricultural consultants, and agrochemical industry professionals.

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface to fifth edition
Acknowledgements
Conversion tables
Pesticide calculation
Units, abbreviations and symbols
Chapter 1 Biological and chemical control in integrated pest management
The increase in the use of pesticides
Climate change
Integrated pest management
Resistant varieties
Crop rotations
Cover crops, catch crops and green manures
Intercropping
Push-pull
Timing of application
Resistance to pesticides
Resistance to fungicides
Resistance to herbicides
Economic thresholds
Traps can be used to assess the presence of pests
Application sites and placement
Biotech crops
References
Chapter 2 Targets for pesticide deposition and their detection using drones and robotic equipment
What volume of spray is required?
References
Chapter 3 Formulation of pesticides and bio-pesticides
Ultra-low volume formulations
Wettable powders
Emulsifiable concentrates
Invert emulsions
Fog formulations
Pressure packs/aerosol cans
Adjuvants
References
Chapter 4 Spray droplets
Importance of droplet size in pest management
Determination of spray droplet size
References
Chapter 5 Nozzles - hydraulic and pulse-width modulation
Hydraulic nozzles
Nozzles
Deflector nozzle
Even spray fan nozzle
Standard fan nozzle
Cone nozzle
Plain jet or solid stream nozzle
Foam or air-aspirating nozzle
Pulse-width modulation
Checking the performance of hydraulic nozzles
Calibration of flow rate
Spray pattern
Nozzle erosion
References
Chapter 6 Portable carried hydraulic sprayers
Knapsack compression sprayers
References
Chapter 7 Power-operated hydraulic sprayers (electric power)
Swath matching
Filling the sprayer
Portable line sprayers
Precision (patch) spraying
The future for tractor sprayers?
References
Chapter 8 Air-assisted sprayers
Fans
Motorised knapsack mistblowers
Arable crop sprayers with downwardly directed air assistance on boom sprayers can be used to treat relatively small plants, in contrast to orchards
Orchard sprayers
References
Chapter 9 Controlled droplet application
Centrifugal-energynozzles (spinning discs and cages)
Practical definitions of controlled droplet application
Hand-carried, battery-operated spinning-disc sprayers and their power sources
Disc design
Portable electric power for sprayers
Disc speeds: objectives and control
Control of flow rate
Formulations for ultra-low-volume and very low-volume spraying
Packaging of formulations
Spraying procedures
Swath width and track spacing
Incremental drift spraying
Placement spraying
Portable air-assisted spinning-disc sprayers
Vehicle-mounted sprayers with centrifugal-energy nozzles
Vehicle-mounted 'drift-spraying'
Boom sprayers
Shrouded rotary atomisers
Conclusions
References
Chapter 10 Electrostatic chargedsprays
Induction charging
Ionised field charging
Direct contact charging
Hydraulic nozzles
Spinning disc atomisers
Air-shear nozzles
Ionised field charging nozzles
Electrodynamic nozzles
Tractor mounted electrostatic sprayer
References
Chapter 11 Using drones to spray crops
Power supply
Drone controller when spraying crops
Precision spraying
Bird's-eye view
Aerial sprays
Reduced blind spots
Retention of spray deposition
Improved efficiency
Safety and adaptability
References
Chapter 12 Aerial spraying using manned aircraft and helicopters
Aircraft flying height
Global positioning system (GPS)
Swath width
References
Chapter 13 Spray drift
Strategies for spray drift management
The use of buffer zones
Methods of measuring spray drift
Reducing spray drift
References
Chapter 14 Seed treatment, dust and granule application
Granular pesticide formulations
Granular application
References
Chapter 15 Space treatment by fogging
Cold foggers
References
Chapter 16 Specialist application techniques using robots
References
Chapter 17 Application of bio-pesticides
Microbial Control Agents: their Formulation and Spray Tank mixtures
Formulation: part of the 'delivery system'
Application equipment and MCA delivery: the importance of numbers
Control of migratory pests: application of Metarhizium acridum to Locusts
Bio-pesticide application to forests
Crop disease management
Other application techniques
Summary
References
Chapter 18 Equipment for laboratory and field trials
Field trials
References
Chapter 19 Training spray operators
Legal requirement - the safe use of pesticides
Codes of practice
Purpose of the manual and how to use it
Information flow
References
Chapter 20 Regulations related to toxicity of pesticides and labelling
Classification and labelling legislation
Active substances
Safeners and synergists
Co-formulants
Adjuvants
Biocides
Pesticide labelling and regulations
Plant protection
Chapter 21 Safety precautions when applying pesticides
Protective clothing
Symptoms of poisoning
First aid
Combination of chemicals
Pesticide packaging and labelling
Container and washing disposal
Noise
Code of conduct
References
Chapter 22 Standards for application equipment
Assisted by Tom Bals
Chapter 23 Maintenance of equipment
Problems with the spray system
Problems with motorised equipment
Maintenance in the field
Storage of equipment
Index
EULA

Units, abbreviations and symbols

A ampere atm atmospheric pressure bar barometric pressure cd candela cm centimetre dB decibel fl?oz fluid ounce* g gram g acceleration due to gravity (9.8?m/sec2) gal gallon* h hour ha hectare hp horsepower kg kilogram km kilometre kN kilonewton kPa kilopascal kW kilowatt L litre m metre mg milligram mL millilitre mm millimetre µm micrometre N newton µP micropoise P poise p.s.i. pounds per square inch pt pint s second V volt A area a average distance between airstrip or water supply to fields a.c. alternating current ADV average droplet volume AGL above ground level a.i. active ingredient AN Antanov aircraft BPMC fenobucarb C average distance between fields CDA controlled droplet application CFD computional fluid dynamics CU coefficient of uniformity D diameter of centrifugal energy nozzle of opening of nozzle d droplet diameter DCD disposable container dispenser 'D' a standard size dry battery d.c. direct current DMI demethylation inhibitor DUE deposit per unit emission EC emulsifiable concentrate EDX energy dispersive X-ray EPA Environmental Protection Agency (USA) F average size of field FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United FN flow number FP fluorescent particle GCPF Global Crop Protection Federation GIFAP Fabricants de Produits Agrochimiques (International Group of National Associations of Manufacturers of Agrochemical Products) GIS geographical information system GPS global positioning system GRP glass-reinforced plastic H height HAN heavy aromatic naphtha HCN hydrogen cyanide HLB hydrophile-lipophile balance HP high power battery HV high volume Hz hertz ICM integrated crop management ID internal diameter IGR insect growth regulator IPM integrated pest management IRM insecticide resistance management ISA International Standard atmosphere K, k constant kV kilovolt L length LAI leaf area index LD50 median lethal dose LERAP local environmental risk assessment for pesticides LIDAR light detection and range LOK lever-operated knapsack (sprayer) LV low volume MCPA 4-chloro-o-tolyloxyacetic acid MRL maximum residue level MV medium volume N, n number of droplets NMD number median diameter NPV nuclear polyhedrosis virus OES occupational exposure standard P particle parameter PDS pesticide dose simulator PIC prior informed consent PMS particle measuring system PPE personal protection equipment PRV pressure-regulating valve PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene p.t.o power take-off (tractor) PVC polyvinyl chloride Q application rate (litre/ha) q application rate (litre/m2) Qa volume of air Qf quantity of spray per load qn throughput of nozzle Qt volume applied per minute rev revolution r.p.m. revolutions per minute S swath s distance droplet travels SC suspension concentrate SP single power battery SMV spray management values SR stability ratio T temperature Tr time per loading and turning Tw turn time at end of row TDR turndown ratio TER toxicity exposure ratio U, u wind speed UBZ unsprayed buffer zone UCR unit canopy row ULV ultra low volume UR unsulfonated residue UV ultraviolet light V velocity Vf velocity of sprayer while ferrying Vs velocity of sprayer while spraying VAD volume average diameter VLV very low volume VMD volume median diameter VRU variable restrictor unit W width w angular velocity WG water-dispersible granule WHO World Health Organization WP wettable powder ? surface tension ? viscosity of air ... ?a density of air

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