Units, abbreviations and symbols

A

ampere

atm

atmospheric pressure

bar

barometric pressure

cd

candela

cm

centimetre

dB

decibel

fl oz

fluid ounce*

g

gram

g

acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/sec2)

gal

gallon*

h

hour

ha

hectare

hp

horsepower

kg

kilogram

km

kilometre

kN

kilonewton

kPa

kilopascal

kW

kilowatt

L

litre

m

metre

mg

milligram

mL

millilitre

mm

millimetre

mm

micrometre

N

newton

μP

micropoise

P

poise

p.s.i.

pounds per square inch

pt

pint

s

second

V

volt

A

area

a

average distance between airstrip or water supply to fields

a.c.

alternating current

ADV

average droplet volume

AGL

above ground level

a.i.

active ingredient

AN

Antanov aircraft

BPMC

fenobucarb

C

average distance between fields

CDA

controlled droplet application

CFD

computional fluid dynamics

CU

coefficient of uniformity

D

diameter of centrifugal energy nozzle of opening of nozzle

d

droplet diameter

DCD

disposable container dispenser

‘D’

a standard size dry battery

d.c.

direct current

DMI

demethylation inhibitor

DUE

deposit per unit emission

EC

emulsifiable concentrate

EDX

energy dispersive X-ray

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency (USA)

F

average size of field

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United

FN

flow number

FP

fluorescent particle

GCPF

Global Crop Protection Federation

GIFAP

Fabricants de Produits Agrochimiques (International Group of National Associations of Manufacturers of Agrochemical Products)

GIS

geographical information system

GPS

global positioning system

GRP

glass-reinforced plastic

H

height

HAN

heavy aromatic naphtha

HCN

hydrogen cyanide

HLB

hydrophile-lipophile balance

HP

high power battery

HV

high volume

Hz

hertz

ICM

integrated crop management

ID

internal diameter

IGR

insect growth regulator

IPM

integrated pest management

IRM

insecticide resistance management

ISA

International Standard atmosphere

K, k

constant

kV

kilovolt

L

length

LAI

leaf area index

LD50

median lethal dose

LERAP

local environmental risk assessment for pesticides

LIDAR

light detection and range

LOK

lever-operated knapsack (sprayer)

LV

low volume

MCPA

4-chloro-o-tolyloxyacetic acid

MRL

maximum residue level

MV

medium volume

N, n

number of droplets

NMD

number median diameter

NPV

nuclear polyhedrosis virus

OES

occupational exposure standard

P

particle parameter

PDS

pesticide dose simulator

PIC

prior informed consent

PMS

particle measuring system

PPE

personal protection equipment

PRV

pressure-regulating valve

PTFE

polytetrafluoroethylene

p.t.o

power take-off (tractor)

PVC

polyvinyl chloride

Q

application rate (litre/ha)

q

application rate (litre/m2)

Qa

volume of air

Qf

quantity of spray per load

qn

throughput of nozzle

Qt

volume applied per minute

rev

revolution

r.p.m.

revolutions per minute

S

swath

s

distance droplet travels

SC

suspension concentrate

SP

single power battery

SMV

spray management values

SR

stability ratio

T

temperature

Tr

time per loading and turning

Tw

turn time at end of row

TDR

turndown ratio

TER

toxicity exposure ratio

U, u

wind speed

UBZ

unsprayed buffer zone

UCR

unit canopy row

ULV

ultra low volume

UR

unsulfonated...