Cellular Physiology of Nerve and Muscle

Name: Cellular Physiology of Nerve and Muscle
Brand: Wiley-Blackwell
Price: 71.99 EUR
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Gary G. Matthews(Autor*in)

Wiley-Blackwell (Verlag)

4. Auflage

Erschienen am 1. April 2009

248 Seiten

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978-1-4443-1130-3 (ISBN)

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Intro
Cellular Physiology of Nerve and Muscle
Contents
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Acknowledgments
Part II Origin of Electrical Membrane Potential
1 Introduction to Electrical Signaling in the Nervous System
The Patellar Reflex as a Model for Neural Function
The Cellular Organization of Neurons
Electrical Signals in Neurons
Transmission between Neurons
2 Composition of Intracellular and Extracellular Fluids
Intracellular and Extracellular Fluids
The Structure of the Plasma Membrane
Summary
3 Maintenance of Cell Volume
Molarity, Molality, and Diffusion of Water
Osmotic Balance and Cell Volume
Answers to the Problem of Osmotic Balance
Tonicity
Time-course of Volume Changes
Summary
4 Membrane Potential: Ionic Equilibrium
Diffusion Potential
Equilibrium Potential
The Nernst Equation
The Principle of Electrical Neutrality
The Cell Membrane as an Electrical Capacitor
Incorporating Osmotic Balance
Donnan Equilibrium
A Model Cell that Looks Like a Real Animal Cell
The Sodium Pump
Summary
5 Membrane Potential: Ionic Steady State
Equilibrium Potentials for Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride
Ion Channels in the Plasma Membrane
Membrane Potential and Ionic Permeability
The Goldman Equation
Ionic Steady State
The Chloride Pump
Electrical Current and the Movement of Ions Across Membranes
Factors Affecting Ion Current Across a Cell Membrane
Membrane Permeability vs. Membrane Conductance
Behavior of Single Ion Channels
Summary
Part II Cellular Physiology of Nerve Cells
6 Generation of Nerve Action Potential
The Action Potential
Ionic Permeability and Membrane Potential
Measuring the Long-distance Signal in Neurons
Characteristics of the Action Potential
Initiation and Propagation of Action Potentials
Changes in Relative Sodium Permeability During an Action Potential
Voltage-dependent Sodium Channels of the Neuron Membrane
Repolarization
The Refractory Period
Propagation of an Action Potential Along a Nerve Fiber
Factors Affecting the Speed of Action Potential Propagation
Molecular Properties of the Voltage-sensitive Sodium Channel
Molecular Properties of Voltage-dependent Potassium Channels
Calcium-dependent Action Potentials
Summary
7 The Action Potential: Voltage-clamp Experiments
The Voltage Clamp
Measuring Changes in Membrane Ionic Conductance Using the Voltage Clamp
The Squid Giant Axon
Ionic Currents Across an Axon Membrane Under Voltage Clamp
The Gated Ion Channel Model
Membrane Potential and Peak Ionic Conductance
Kinetics of the Change in Ionic Conductance Following a Step Depolarization
Sodium Inactivation
The Temporal Behavior of Sodium and Potassium Conductance
Gating Currents
Summary
8 Synaptic Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction
Chemical and Electrical Synapses
The Neuromuscular Junction as a Model Chemical Synapse
Transmission at a Chemical Synapse
Presynaptic Action Potential and Acetylcholine Release
Effect of Acetylcholine on the Muscle Cell
Neurotransmitter Release
The Vesicle Hypothesis of Quantal Transmitter Release
Mechanism of Vesicle Fusion
Recycling of Vesicle Membrane
Inactivation of Released Acetylcholine
Recording the Electrical Current Flowing Through a Single Acetylcholine-activated Ion Channel
Molecular Properties of the Acetylcholine-activated Channel
Summary
9 Synaptic Transmission in the Central Nervous System
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses
Excitatory Synaptic Transmission Between Neurons
Temporal and Spatial Summation of Synaptic Potentials
Some Possible Excitatory Neurotransmitters
Conductance-decrease Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials
Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission
The Synapse between Sensory Neurons and Antagonist Motor Neurons in the Patellar Re ex
Characteristics of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission
Mechanism of Inhibition in the Postsynaptic Membrane
Some Possible Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
The Family of Neurotransmitter-gated Ion Channels
Neuronal Integration
Indirect Actions of Neurotransmitters
Presynaptic Inhibition and Facilitation
Synaptic Plasticity
Short-term Changes in Synaptic Strength
Long-term Changes in Synaptic Strength
Summary
Part III Cellular Physiology of Muscle Cells
Excitation Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle
The Three Types of Muscle
Structure of Skeletal Muscle
Changes in Striation Pattern on Contraction
Molecular Composition of Filaments
Interaction between Myosin and Actin
Regulation of Contraction
The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
The Transverse Tubule System
Summary
11 Neural Control of Muscle Contraction
The Motor Unit
The Mechanics of Contraction
The Relationship Between Isometric Tension and Muscle Length
Control of Muscle Tension by the Nervous System
Recruitment of Motor Neurons
Fast and Slow Muscle Fibers
Temporal Summation of Contractions Within a Single Motor Unit
Asynchronous Activation of Motor Units During Maintained Contraction
Summary
12 Cardiac Muscle: The Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Control of the Heart
The Pattern of Cardiac Contraction
Coordination of Contraction Across Cardiac Muscle Fibers
Generation of Rhythmic Contractions
The Cardiac Action Potential
The Pacemaker Potential
Actions of Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine on Cardiac Muscle Cells
Summary
Appendix A Derivation of the Nernst Equation
Appendix B Derivation of the Goldman Equation
Appendix C Electrical Properties of Cells
Suggested Readings
Index

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