Automotive High Speed Communication Technologies

Name: Automotive High Speed Communication Technologies | SerDes and Ethernet for Sensor and Display Applications
Brand: Hanser
Price: 99.99 EUR
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SerDes and Ethernet for Sensor and Display Applications

Kirsten Matheus Michael Kaindl(Autor*in)

Hanser (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 7. November 2022

440 Seiten

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978-3-446-47042-2 (ISBN)

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Beschreibung

The demands for processing power, software, and communication are continuously increasing; in all industries and also in the automotive one. In vehicles, the need for higher data rates is driven by more electronic functions in general, but especially by ever more potent (camera) sensors, displays, and high performance ECUs.

This book provides a holistic view on new SerDes and Ethernet high-speed communication solutions for cars. It addresses core physical components such as cables, connectors, or PCB design, as well as physical layer processing, use-case-specific protocols, and the use cases as such. It is important to the authors not only to explain the technologies, but also to provide context and background in respect to various technical choices. The intent is to help readers understand the current eco-system end-to-end, whether they are new to the automotive industry or experts who want to deepen their understanding on specific items, whether they are working for a car manufacturer directly or any of the suppliers, whether they are already involved or evaluating to get involved.

This is the first book to address the following topics:
- the >10 Gbps Automotive Ethernet technologies IEEE 802.3cy and IEEE 802.3cz
- asymmetric Ethernet
- the new automotive SerDes Standard, the ASA Motion Link
- the MIPI Automotive SerDes Solutions ( MASS )
- power supply over coaxial data cables
- design for testability in an automotive context

Rezensionen / Stimmen

"Das Buch beleuchtet erstmals ausführlich die technischen Grundlagen für die Anbindung von datenintensiven Komponenten wie Displays und Kameras. [...] Nachrichtentechnische Grundkenntnisse sind dabei für die Lektüre von Vorteil. Durch seine klare und systematische Struktur, ein sehr ausführliches Abkürzungsverzeichnis sowie gut verständliche Einleitungstexte zu jedem Kapitel ermöglicht das Buch aber auch mit der Thematik weniger Vertrauten einen Einstieg in die Welt der Automotive-High-Speed-Kommunikation." Ingo Kuss, elektroniknet, Januar 2023

"Die Anforderungen an Rechenleistung, Software und Kommunikation steigen ständig - so auch in der Automobilbranche. In Fahrzeugen wird der Bedarf an höheren Datenraten durch mehr elektronische Funktionen im Allgemeinen, aber insbesondere durch immer leistungsfähigere (Kamera-)Sensoren, Displays und Hochleistungs-Steuergeräte angetrieben, wie das Buch Automotive High Speed Communication Technologies von Kirsten Matheus und Michael Kaindl aufzeigt. Das Buch 'Automotive High Speed Communication Technologies' bietet eine ganzheitliche Sicht auf neue SerDes- und Ethernet-Hochgeschwindigkeits-Kommunikationslösungen für Fahrzeuge." Stefanie Eckardt, Hanser automotive, 25.11.2022

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Inhalt

Intro
Contents
Preface
Timeline
Abbreviations and Glossary
1 Introduction and Background
1.1 The Distinctive Properties of High-Speed Sensor and Display Use Cases
1.2 Background to Automotive SerDes
1.2.1 The Origin of "SerDes"
1.2.2 Automotive SerDes Terminology
1.2.3 The Status of Automotive SerDes
1.3 Background to Automotive Ethernet
1.3.1 The Origin of "Ethernet"
1.3.2 Ethernet in the Automotive Industry
1.3.3 Introduction to High-Speed (HS) Automotive Ethernet
1.4 Bibliography
2 The Automotive Use Cases
2.1 Displays
2.1.1 A Brief History of Displays in Cars
2.1.2 Display Basics and Terminology
2.1.3 Display Architectures
2.1.4 Typical Communication Related Requirements of Displays
2.2 Cameras
2.2.1 A Brief History of Cameras in Cars
2.2.2 Camera Basics and Terminology
2.2.3 Camera Architectures
2.2.4 Camera Software, Safety, and Security
2.2.4.1 Software
2.2.4.2 Safety
2.2.4.3 Security
2.2.5 Typical Communication Related Requirements for Cameras
2.3 Other Sensors
2.3.1 Relevant Sensor Types
2.3.1.1 Sound Navigation and Ranging (Sonar)/Ultrasonic Sensors
2.3.1.2 Radio Detection and Ranging (Radar)
2.3.1.3 Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar)
2.3.1.4 Time of Flight (ToF) Cameras
2.3.2 Overall Comparison and Architecture Considerations for Sensors
2.4 Other Use Cases
2.5 Bibliography
3 The Automotive Environment
3.1 The Automotive Industry as such
3.1.1 The Automotive Product
3.1.2 The Automotive Development and Production
3.1.2.1 Impact with Respect to the Supply Chain
3.1.2.2 Impact with Respect to the Product Life Cycle (PLC)
3.2 General Automotive Requirements
3.2.1 Use-related Requirements
3.2.2 Regulatory Requirements
3.2.2.1 Government Driven Requirements
3.2.2.2 Insurance Driven Requirements
3.3 Automotive Semiconductors
3.3.1 Semiconductor Quality
3.3.2 Semiconductor Performance
3.3.3 Semiconductor Supply
3.4 Bibliography
4 The Electromagnetic Environment in Cars
4.1 ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
4.1.1 Basic Principle of Electromagnetic Interference
4.1.2 Relevant EMC Levels
4.1.3 Overview on EMC Test Methods
4.1.4 Impact of a Shield on EMC
4.1.4.1 EMC for Shielded Cables
4.1.4.2 Shield Connection at the Case
4.1.4.3 Interrelation between Shield and Ground
4.2 ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD)
4.2.1 Unpowered ESD
4.2.1.1 ESD Protection in the Production Process
4.2.1.2 ESD Protection Tests
4.2.1.3 Transmission Line Pulse Measurement (TLP)
4.2.2 Powered ESD
4.2.3 How to Achieve ESD Protection
4.3 Bibliography
5 The Automotive Channel
5.1 Channel Definition
5.2 Channel Description
5.2.1 Impedance
5.2.2 Scattering-Parameters
5.2.3 Channel Parameters
5.2.3.1 Transmission Related Impairments
5.2.3.2 Self-noise Parameters that Distort the Signal
5.2.3.3 EMC Related Channel Parameters and Other Noise
5.2.3.4 Transmission Channel Interference Model
5.3 Cables and Connectors
5.3.1 Cables
5.3.1.1 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cables
5.3.1.2 Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cables
5.3.1.3 STar-Quad (STQ) Cables
5.3.1.4 Shielded Parallel Pair (SPP) Cables
5.3.1.5 Coaxial Cables
5.3.1.6 Other Multi-port Cables
5.3.1.7 Aging and Mechanical Stress of Cables
5.3.2 Connectors
5.3.2.1 Connectors for UTP Cables
5.3.2.2 Connectors for STQ Cables
5.3.2.3 Connectors for SDP (STP and SPP) Cables
5.3.2.4 Connectors for Coaxial Cables
5.3.3 Quo Vadis?
5.4 Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)
5.5 Bibliography
6 Power
6.1 Supplying Power with the Communication
6.1.1 General Considerations for Power-over
6.1.1.1 The Bias-T
6.1.1.2 Voltage Regulators
6.1.1.3 Failure Detection and Protection
6.1.2 Power over Differential (PoD) Cables
6.1.3 Power over Coaxial Cables
6.1.3.1 Required Inductive Elements
6.1.3.2 Bias-T Example
6.1.3.3 Power Limit
6.1.3.4 PoC Stability
6.1.3.5 PoC Compendium
6.2 Power (Saving) Modes
6.2.1 Transitioning between (Power) Modes
6.2.2 Low Power Modes
6.2.2.1 Deep Sleep (and Wake-up)
6.2.2.2 Light Sleep
6.3 Bibliography
7 Automotive SerDes Technologies
7.1 Analogue Transmission
7.2 Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS)
7.3 Proprietary Automotive SerDes Technologies
7.3.1 TI's Flat Panel Display (FPD) Link
7.3.2 Analogue Device's Gigabit Multimedia Serial Link (GMSL)
7.3.3 Inova's Automotive PIXel Link (APIX)
7.3.4 Sony's Gigabit Video InterFace (GVIF)
7.4 MIPI A-PHY/IEEE 2977
7.4.1 A-PHY Overview and Terminology
7.4.2 A-PHY Channel
7.4.3 A-PHY Physical Layer
7.4.4 A-PHY Data Link and Higher Layers
7.5 ASA Motion Link (ASAML)
7.5.1 ASAML Channel
7.5.2 ASAML Physical Layer
7.5.3 ASAML Data Link Layer
7.5.4 ASAML Safety and Security
7.5.5 ASAML Application Stream Encapsulation Protocols (ASEPs)
7.6 Bibliography
8 High-Speed (HS) Automotive Ethernet
8.1 Physical (PHY) Layer Technologies
8.1.1 IEEE 802.3ch for 2.5, 5, and 10 Gbps
8.1.1.1 The IEEE 802.3ch Channel(s)
8.1.1.2 Technical Description of IEEE 802.3ch
8.1.2 IEEE 802.3cy for 25 Gbps
8.1.2.1 The IEEE 802.3cy Channel
8.1.2.2 Technical Description of IEEE 802.3cy
8.1.3 IEEE 802.3cz for 2.5 to 50 Gbps over optical media
8.1.3.1 The IEEE 802.3cz Channel
8.1.3.2 Technical Description of IEEE 802.3cz
8.1.4 Asymmetric Ethernet
8.2 Related Protocols
8.2.1 Power Saving
8.2.1.1 Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE)
8.2.1.2 Wake-up and Sleep
8.2.2 Quality of Service (QoS) with Time Sensitive Networking (TSN)
8.2.2.1 IEEE 1722
8.2.2.2 Synchronization/Timing with IEEE 802.1AS
8.2.2.3 Traffic Shaping with IEEE 802.1Qav and Qcr
8.2.2.4 Ingress Policing and Filtering with IEEE 802.1Qci
8.2.2.5 Other TSN Protocols
8.2.3 Security
8.3 Automotive Ethernet versus Automotive SerDes
8.3.1 Principle Comparison
8.3.2 Specific Comparison
8.4 Bibliography
9 Related Standards and Protocols
9.1 Color Formats
9.2 Video Compression Formats
9.2.1 (M)JPEG
9.2.2 MPEG alias H.26x
9.2.2.1 H.262, MPEG-2
9.2.2.2 H.264, MPEG-4, AVC
9.2.2.3 H.265, MPEG-H Part 2, HEVC
9.2.3 VESA Display Compression Codecs
9.3 Content Protection
9.4 Audio Interfaces
9.5 Control Interfaces
9.5.1 General Purpose Input/Output (GPI/O)
9.5.2 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
9.5.3 Inter-IC Bus (I2C)
9.5.3.1 I2C Physical Layer
9.5.3.2 I2C Channel Access
9.5.3.3 I2C Extensions and Derivates
9.5.4 MIPI Improved Inter-IC Bus (I3C)
9.5.5 Using a Memory Map Instead
9.6 Camera Protocols
9.6.1 MIPI CSI-2
9.6.2 MIPI D-PHY and C-PHY
9.6.3 MIPI CCS and CSE
9.7 Display Protocols
9.7.1 Open LVDS Digital Interface (OpenLDI)
9.7.2 Digital Visual Interface (DVI)
9.7.3 High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
9.7.4 MIPI Display Serial Interface (DSI-2)
9.7.5 DisplayPort (DP) and Embedded DisplayPort (eDP)
9.7.6 V-by-One
9.7.7 Universal Serial Bus (USB) - C
9.7.8 Overview and Comparison
9.8 Bibliography
10 Test and Qualification
10.1 Development Methods and Testing
10.1.1 Waterfall Model
10.1.2 V-Model
10.1.3 Agile Development
10.2 Designed for Testability
10.2.1 Built-in Status Registers and Quality Indicators
10.2.2 Accessibility of Information
10.2.3 Scanlines for Testing
10.2.4 Loopback Testing
10.2.5 Built-In Self-Tests (BISTs)
10.3 Test Characteristics
10.3.1 Test Metrics
10.3.2 Devices Under Test (DUTs)
10.4 Test Specifications
10.4.1 ISO 9646 Conformance Testing Methodology
10.4.2 Test Specifications for Automotive Ethernet
10.4.3 Test Specifications for Automotive SerDes
10.5 Tools
10.5.1 Tools for Channel Tests
10.5.2 Tools for Transmitter/Transceiver Tests
10.5.3 Tools for Evaluating the Data Content
10.6 Experiences with Testing
10.6.1 The Pitfall of Test Sequences
10.6.2 Unexpected System Behavior
10.6.3 "No Error Found"
10.7 Bibliography
Index

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