Optical spectroscopy of radioactive atoms.- Tests of fundamental symmetries and interactions - using nuclei and lasers.- Experimental test of special relativity by laser spectroscopy.- A vision for laser induced particle acceleration and applications.- Penning trap mass spectrometry for nuclear structure studies.- Precision spectroscopy at heavy ion ring accelerator SIS300.- Development of a RILIS ionisation scheme for gold at ISOLDE, CERN.- The ALTO project at IPN-Orsay.- Upgrade to the IGISOL laser ion source towards spectroscopy on Tc.- TRIUMF resonant ionization laser ion source.- Resonance ionization spectroscopy of bismuth at the IGISOL facility.- Optical pumping in an RF cooler buncher.- LaSpec at FAIR'S low energy beamline: A new perspective for laser spectroscopy of radioactive nuclei.- Nuclei near the closed shells N=20 and N=28.- Mg isotopes and the disappearance of magic N=20 Laser and ?-NMR studies.- Laser spectroscopy measurements of neutron-rich tellurium isotopes by COMPLIS.- Nuclear charge radius of 11Li.- Towards a nuclear charge radius determination for beryllium isotopes.- Investigation of the low-lying isomer in 229Th by collinear laser spectroscopy.- Laser spectroscopy of high spin isomers - a review.- Nuclear charge radii and electromagnetic moments of scandium isotopes and isomers in the f7/2 shell.- Laser spectroscopy of stable Os isotopes.- Study of the neutron deficient 182-190Pb isotopes by simultaneous atomic- and nuclear-spectroscopy.- Experimental investigation of the stability diagram for Paul traps in the case of praseodymium ions.- Correlation effects on the charge radii of exotic nuclei.- Testing QED with resonance conversion.
"Tests of fundamental symmetries and interactions - using nuclei and lasers (p. 41-42)
KlausPeter Jungmann
Abstract State of the art laser technology and modern spectroscopic methods allow to address issues of fundamental symmetries and fundamental interactions in atoms with high precision experiments. In particular the discrete symmetries Parity (P), Charge Conjugation (C), Time Reversal (T) as well as their combinations CP and CPT are in the center of interest at present. Actual projects are concerned with Parity Violation in atoms, Time Reversal Violation in ,B-decays and searches for permanent Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs), and tests of CPT conservation in particle-antiparticle properties, in particular antiprotonic atoms.
Keywords Fundamental interactions- Fundamental symmetries. Precision measurements- Magnetic anomalies- ,B-decays. Electric dipole moments- Antiprotons. Radioactive beam facilities
1 Introduction
The Standard Model (SM) in particle physics describes accurately all observations in this field. It appears that even recent spectacular observations in neutrino experiments can be included with moderate modifications. This far ranging theoretical framework lacks, however, a deeper and more satisfactory explanation for many of the facts which it describes so precisely.
Among the open questions are the large number of some 30 free parameters in the SM, the hierarchy of fundamental fermion masses, the number of three particle generations and the origin of Parity (P) Violation and combined Charge Symmetry (C) and Parity violation, i.e. CPviolation. If the SM is combined with Standard Cosmology, the dominance of mater over antimatter in the universe presents a serious unsolved puzzle. In order to provide answers to such intriguing questions speculative extensions have been constructed, such as supersymmetry, left-right symmetry, technicolor and many others. However, they have despite their elegancy no status in physics, yet, unless they can be experimentally verified by an observation of a unique prediction of one of these models.
We know two conceptually different approaches for confirming the SM and also to find New Physics beyond it: The direct observation of new particles or processes and Precise measurements of quantities, which can be calculated to sufficient accuracy within the SM, and where New Physics appears in a significant difference between theory and experiment. Whereas the first approach typically is carried out in high energy physics, the second route uses experiments at low energies.
Precision measurements at low energies offer indeed various possibilities to confirm the SM at a high level, to find new physics and to determine accurate values of important fundamental constants [1--4]. Stringent tests of the SM arise in particular through exploiting one of the recent achievements in atomic physics: cooling and storing of ions, atoms and molecules. This includes, e.g., precise measurements of magnetic anomalies [5-8], precision studies of nuclear tJ-decays [2--4, 9] and searches for permanent electric dipole moments of particles, nuclei, atoms and molecules [10] as well as spectroscopy of antiprotonic atoms [11].
In the recent years, several experiments have reported a few standard deviations differences between theoretical predictions and the measurements. Among those are experiments on the muon magnetic anomaly [5], the unitarity of the CabbiboKobayashi- Maskawa matrix [12], nuclear tJ-decay [13], atomic parity violation [14] and many others. In some cases the differences disappeared completely after refinement of theory. However, not all of them [15]. Further work is needed to clarify the situation."
