Surgical Treatment of Anal Incontinence

1 Essential Anatomy of Anal Continence.- General Introduction.- Structural Anatomy.- Surgical Anatomy.- 2 Physiology of Anal Continence.- General Introduction.- Applied Physiology.- 3 Abdominal Techniques.- General Introduction.- Abdominal Rectopexy with Prosthetic Implant (Syn. Wells Technique).- Abdominal Rectopexy with Prosthetic Sling (Syn. Ripstein Technique).- Abdominal Rectopexy plus Colon Resection (Syn. Goldberg Technique).- 4 Anterior Perineal Techniques.- General Introduction.- Anterior Plication of Puborectalis and Anal Sphincter (Syn. Anterior Buttress Technique).- Anterior Sling Procedure (Syn. Notaras Technique).- 5 Posterior Perineal Techniques.- General Introduction.- Post-anal Intersphincteric Repair (Syn. Parks Technique).- Post-rectal Buttress Repair (Syn. Wyatt Technique).- 6 Circum-anal Techniques.- General Introduction.- Circum-anal Wire (or Nylon) Encirclement (Syn. Thiersch Procedure).- Circum-anal Cicatrical Fixation (Syn. Saraffof Technique).- Gracilis Muscle Sling Technique (Syn. Pickrell-von Rapport Technique).- 7 Per-anal Techniques.- General Introduction.- Anterior (Rectal) Mucosectomy.- Rectal Wall Plication (Syn. Delorme Technique).- Rectosigmoidectomy (Syn. Ahemeier Technique).- 8 Technique of Anal Sphincter Repair (Syn. Overlap Technique).- Indications and Selection of Patients.- Preparation.- Operative Technique.- Post-operative Management.- 9 Techniques for Congenital Anal Deformity Encountered in Later Life.- General Introduction.- Covered Anus Deformity with Associated Perineal Fistula ("False Anus").- Anterior Ectopic Deformity.- No Definite Anal or Puborectalis Muscle.- Ectopic Opening Adjacent to an Anal Orifice ("Shot-gun Deformity").- Summary.- 10 Techniques for Repair of Traumatic Injury of the Anal Sphincters.-General Introduction.- Acute Primary Repair of Traumatised Anal Sphincter and Pelvic Floor.- Trans-vaginal Injury to the Anus and Rectum.- Repair of Acute Trans-vaginal Injury.- Delayed Repair of Chronic Unhealed Recto-vaginal Septal Defect.- 11 Techniques for Repair of Recto-vaginal Fistula.- Low Recto-vaginal Fistula.- High Recto-vaginal Fistula.