Data Collection in Sociolinguistics

Foreword: Observing the Observers

J. K. Chambers

Acknowledgments

PART I: Research Design

1 Research Design

Christine Mallinson

2 Ways of Observing: Studying the Interplay of Social and Linguistic Variation

Barbara M. Horvath

Vignette 2a. Multidisciplinary Sociolinguistic Studies

Marcia Farr

Vignette 2b. How to Uncover Linguistic Variables

Walt Wolfram

Vignette 2c. Studying Difficult to Study Variables

J. Daniel Hasty

Vignette 2d. How to Uncover Social Variables: A Focus on Clans

James N. Stanford

Vignette 2e. How to Uncover Social Variables: A Focus on Social Class

Rania Habib

3 Social Ethics for Sociolinguistics

Sara Trechter

Vignette 3a. Responsibility to Research Participants in Representation

Niko Besnier

Vignette 3b. Working with Transgender Communities

Lal Zimman

Vignette 3c. Conducting Research with Vulnerable Populations

Stephen L. Mann

Vignette 3d. Ethical Dilemmas in the Use of Public Documents

Susan Ehrlich

Vignette 3e. Real Ethical Issues in Virtual World Research

Randall Sadler

PART II: Generating New Data

4 Generating New Data

Becky Childs

5 Ethnographic Fieldwork

Erez Levon

Vignette 5a. The Joy of Sociolinguistic Fieldwork

John R. Rickford

Vignette 5b. Fieldwork in Immigrant Communities

James A. Walker and Michol F. Hoffman

Vignette 5c. Fieldwork in Migrant and Diasporic Communities

Rajend Mesthrie

Vignette 5d. Fieldwork in Remnant Dialect Communities

Patricia Causey Nichols

Vignette 5e. Linguistic Landscape and Ethnographic Fieldwork

Jackie Jia Lou

6 The Sociolinguistic Interview

Kara Becker

Vignette 6a. Cross-cultural Issues in Studying Endangered
Indigenous Languages

D. Victoria Rau

Vignette 6b. Conducting Sociolinguistic Interviews in Deaf Communities

Ceil Lucas

Vignette 6c. Special Issues in Collecting Interview Data for
Sign Language Projects

Joseph Hill

Vignette 6d. Other Interviewing Techniques in Sociolinguistics

Boyd Davis

7 The Technology of Conducting Sociolinguistic Interviews

Paul De Decker and Jennifer Nycz

Vignette 7a. Technological Challenges in Sociolinguistic Data Collection

Lauren Hall-Lew and Bartlomiej Plichta

8 Surveys: The Use of Written Questionnaires in Sociolinguistics

Charles Boberg

Vignette 8a. Language Attitude Surveys: Speaker Evaluation Studies

Kathryn Campbell-Kibler

Vignette 8b. Cultural Challenges in Online Survey Data Collection

Naomi S. Baron

Vignette 8c. Dialect Surveys and Student-Led Data Collection

Laurel Mackenzie

9 Experiments

Cynthia G. Clopper

PART III: Working with and Preserving Existing Data

10 Working with and Preserving Existing Data

Gerard Van Herk

11 Written Data Sources

Edgar W. Schneider

Vignette 11a. Accessing the Vernacular in Written Documents

France Martineau

Vignette 11b. Adapting Existing Data Sources: Language and the Law

Philipp Sebastian Angermeyer

Vignette 11c. Issues in Forensic Linguistic Data Collection

Ronald R. Butters

Vignette 11d. Advances in Sociolinguistic Transcription Methods

Alexandra D'arcy

Vignette 11e. Transcribing Video Data

Cecile B. Vigouroux

12 Data Preservation and Access

Tyler Kendall

Vignette 12a. Making Sociolinguistic Data Accessible

William A. Kretzschmar, Jr.

Vignette 12b. Establishing Corpora from Existing Data Sources

Mark Davies

Vignette 12c. Working with "Unconventional" Existing Data Sources

Joan C. Beal and Karen P. Corrigan

13 Working with Performed Language: Movies, Television, and Music

Robin Queen

Vignette 13a. Working with Scripted Data: A Focus on
African American English

Tracey L. Weldon

Vignette 13b. Working with Scripted Data: Variations among
Scripts, Texts, and Performances

Michael Adams

14 Online Data Collection

Jannis Androutsopoulos

Vignette 14a. Sociolinguistic Approaches to Storytelling in

Facebook Status Updates

Ruth Page

Vignette 14b. Collecting Data from Twitter

Steven Coats

PART IV: Sharing Data and Findings

15 Sharing Data and Findings

Christine Mallinson

16 Community Activism: Turning Things Around

Arapera Ngaha

17 Sociolinguistic Engagement in Schools: Collecting and Sharing Data

Anne H. Charity Hudley

Vignette 17a. Beyond Lists of Differences to Accurate Descriptions

Lisa Green

Vignette 17b. Linguistic Flexibility in Urban Zambian Schoolchildren

Robert Serpell

Vignette 17c. Engagement with Schools: Sharing Data and Findings

Donna Starks

18 Sociolinguistics in and for the Media

Jennifer Sclafani

Vignette 18a. Media Interest in Sociolinguistic Endeavors

Scott F. Kiesling

Vignette 18b. Sociolinguistics on BBC Radio

Clive Upton

Vignette 18c. Media, Politics, and Semantic Change

Andrew D. Wong

Vignette 18d. Engaging with Local and Mass Media on

Issues of Language Policy

Phillip M. Carter

19 Conclusion

Christine Mallinson, Becky Childs, and Gerard Van Herk