American Imperialism in the Long Nineteenth Century: A Documentary History, 1775-1919

Volume 2: From Lewis and Clark to the Annexation of Texas, 1804-1845

Edited by Edward Mair

General Introduction

Volume 2 Introduction

Part 1. "Exploration" and Territorial Expansion

1. David Ramsay, An Oration on the Cession of Louisiana to the United States (Newport: Oliver Farnsworth, 1804), pp. 3 - 27.

2. To James Madison from William C. C. Claiborne, 18 February 1804

3. Paul Allen, History of the Expedition under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark, to The Sources of the Missouri, thence Across the Rocky Mountains and down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean, performed during the years 1804-5-6, Volume 1, (Philadelphia: Bradford and Inskeep, 1814), pp. 1-11.

4. Thomas Branagan, Serious remonstrances, addressed to the citizens of the northern states, and their representatives, (Philadelphia: 1805), pp. 15-27.

5. Le Chevalier Felix de Beaujour, Sketch of the United States of North America : at the commencement of the nineteenth century, from 1800 to 1810, William Walton (trans.), (London: J. Booth et al., 1814), pp. 115-127.

6. 'Louisiana', Newbern Herald, (New Bern, North Carolina), III, no 156, 26 February 1810,

7. 'Form the Western Sun Vincennes August 25, 1810', Washington Reporter (Washington, Pennsylvania) III, no. 5, September 17, 1810

8. 'Felix Grundy, 9 December 1811', in Annals of the Congress of the United States, Twelfth Congress, First Session, (Washington: Gales and Seaton, 1853), pp. 422-427.

9. William Darby, The Emigrant's Guide to the Western and Southwestern States and Territories, (New York: Kirk & Mercein, 1818), pp. 61-62.

10. Hiram Bingham, A Residence of Twenty-One Years in the Sandwich Islands (Hartford: Hezekiah Huntington, 1848), pp. 57-79.

11. George Little, Life on the Ocean; or, Twenty Years at Sea (Boston: Waite, Pearce and Company, 1844), pp. 109-122.

Part 2. Native American Resistance and Removal

12. 'INTRUDERS', 7 April 1830, Cherokee Phoenix and Indians' Advocate.

13. 'Removal of the Indians.', 13 May 1830, Pittsfield Sun (Pittsfield, Massachusetts) XXX, no. 1547, May 13, 1830

14. 'Cherokee Phoenix. New Echota: May 29, 1830', 29 May 1830, Cherokee Phoenix and Indians' Advocate.



See appropriate file in the folder: '3. New Echota, Cherokee Phoenix and Indians Advocate'. Begin transcription from the subheading 'CHEROKEE PHOENIX. New Echota: May 29, 1830.'. End with 'we shall drink it to the very dregs.'.

15.'Removal of the Indians', Religious Inquirer, (Hartford, Connecticut) IX, no. 20, July 3, 1830: 159

16. President Andrew Jackson's Message to Congress 'On Indian Removal' (6 December 1830).

17. Sarah Tuttle and Christopher C. Dean, Letters on the Chickasaw and Osage Missions (Boston: T.R. Marvin, 1831), pp. 5-11.

18. James B. Gardiner to George Gibson, 20 June 1832, in Correspondence on the subject of the Emigration of Indians, (Washington: Duff Green, 1834), pp. 689-692.

19. 'Application for Indemnity, for being deprived by settlers of reservations of the Choctaw Indians', Andrew Hays, 1 February 1836, in: American State Papers: Public Lands, VIII, Asbury Dickins & John W. Forney (eds.), (Washington: Gales & Seaton, 1861), pp. 432-433.

20. Myer M. Cohen, Notices of Florida and the Campaigns, (Charleston: Burges & Honour, 1836), pp. 135-143.

21. Catherine E. Beecher, Educational Reminiscences and Suggestions, (New York: J.B. Ford, 1874), pp. 62-66.

Part 3. Liberia and the Colonization Project

22. Massachusetts Anti-Slavery and Anti-Segregation Petitions; House Unpassed Legislation 1787

23. 'Colonization of Free Blacks', National Advocate, (New York, New York) IV, no. 1261, December 30, 1816

24. Peter Williams, A discourse delivered on the death of Capt. Paul Cuffee : before the New-York African Institution, in the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, October 21, 1817 (New York: W. Williams, 1818), pp. 7-30.

25. 'Address to the Auxiliary Colonization Societies and the People of the United States', The African Intelligencer, July 1820 (1/1), pp. 11-12.

26. Samuel Miller, A sermon, preached at Newark, October 22, 1823, before the Synod of New Jersey, for the benefit of the African School, under the Care of the Synod (Trenton: George Sherman, 1823), pp. 3-15.

27. "From Thomas Jefferson to Jared Sparks, 4 February 1824"

28. William Lloyd Garrison, Thoughts on African Colonization, (Boston: Garrison and Knapp, 1832), pp. 79-81.

29. Examination of Mr. Thomas C. Brown, a free colored citizen of S. Carolina, as to the actual state of things in Liberia in the years 1833 and 1834, at the Chatham Street Chapel, May 9th & 10th, 1834 (New York: S.W. Benedict & Co, 1834), pp. 5-19.

30. 'From Liberia. New York, Dec. 8', National Banner and Nashville Whig, (Nashville, Tennessee) XXIII, no. 1364, January 5, 1835

31. Letters to Catherine E. Beecher, In Reply to An Essay On Slavery and Abolitionism, Addressed to A.E. Grimke (Boston: Isaac Knapp, 1838), pp. 35-41.

Part 4. Manifest Destiny

32. Henry Goulburn to Earl Bathurst, 25 November 1814, in Supplementary Despatches, Correspondence, and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur Duke of Wellington, IX, (London: John Murray, 1862), pp. 452-454.

33. Andrew Jackson to James Monroe, 4 March 1817, in Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, Volume 2, John Spencer Bassett (ed.) (Washington D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1927), pp. 277-282.

34. John Quincy Adams to Don Luis de Onis, 23 July 1818, in Writings of John Quincy Adams, VI, Worthington Chauncey Ford (ed.), (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1916), pp. 386-394.

35. Horace Bushnell, 'The True Wealth or Weal of Nations', 15 August 1837, in Work and Play, 1, (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1881), pp. 43-77.

36. Richard Henry Dana, Two Years before the Mast, (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1883), pp. 193-200.

37. 'Florida Armed Occupation Bill: Mr Benton's Speech: Extracts', 1840, in Thirty Years' View; or, A History of the Working of the American Government for Thirty Years, From 1820 to 1850, II, Thomas Hart Benton (ed.), (New York: D. Appleton and Co, 1856), pp. 167-171.

38. Gilbert McMaster, The obligations of the American scholar to his country and the world : an address delivered before the Philalethean Society of Hanover College, September 28th, 1841, (Madison, Ind: Simrall and Jones, 1841), pp. 3-7.

39. Alfred Robinson, Life in California, (London: H.G. Collins, 1851), pp. 170-178.

40. Cora Montgomery [Jane Cazneau], Eagle Pass: or, Life on the Border (New York: George P. Putnam & Co., 1852), pp. 31-33.

Part 5. Texan Annexation

41. Stephen Austin to Mrs Mary Austin Holley, 21 August 1835, in: The Austin Papers, October 1834 - January 1837, III, Eugene C. Barker (ed.), (Austin: The University of Texas, 1926), pp. 101-102.

42. David Burnet to James Collinsworth and Peter W. Grayson, 26 May 1836, in Diplomatic Correspondence of the Republic of Texas: Correspondence with the United States (concluded), Mexico, and Yucatan, vol II, George Pierce Garrison (ed.), (Washington: American Historical Association, 1908), pp. 89-91.

43. Mary Parker, 'Address of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society to the Women of New England', June 1837.' Right and Wrong in Boston. Annual report of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Soc. 94-98.

44. John T. Pinckney to Thomas C. Pinckney regarding the annexation of Texas to the United States and the value of the land therein, much of which has been taken from Native American tribes, 21 October 1837.

45.'Texas-Mexico-England', Madisonian for the Country, (Washington (DC), District of Columbia) VII, no. 44, January 3, 1844

46. James Buchanan to Edward D. Gazzam regarding the bill for admission of Texas to the Union and South Carolina's opposition to another Tariff bill (Gilder Lehrman Collection, Adam Matthew Collection), 3 February 1844.

47. Letter from John C. Calhoun to Richard Pakenham, 18 April 1844, in The Works of John C. Calhoun, vol. 5: Reports and Public Letters of John C. Calhoun, ed. Richard K. Cralle (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1859), pp. 333-339.

48. 'Hear This! Hear This', Macon Weekly Telegraph, (Macon, Georgia) XVIII, no. 46, August 13, 1844

49. 'Texas', 14 January 1845, New-Hampshire Gazette, (Portsmouth, New Hampshire) XCI, no. 2, January 14, 1845

50. 'Texas is Ours! And Cuba must Follow!', 26 September 1845, The Liberator.

Part 6. Women and Empire

51. 'Cherokee Indian/Native American Women to National Council at Amohee', 2 May 1817.

52. Mary Austin Holley, Observations, historical, geographical and descriptive, in a series of letters, written during a visit to Austin's colony, with a view of a permanent settlement in that country, in the autumn of 1831, (Baltimore: Armstrong & Plaskitt, 1833), pp. 119-126.

53. Lydia Maria Child, 'Colonization Society, and Anti-Slavery Society', in An Appeal in Favour of that Class of Americans Called Africans, (Boston: Allen and Ticknor, 1833), pp. 129-154.

54. Abby Jane Morrell, Narrative of a Voyage to the Ethiopic and South Atlantic Ocean...in the Years 1829, 1830, 1831 (New York: J. & J. Harper, 1833), pp. 160-165.

55. Andrew Welch, A Narrative of the Life and Sufferings of Mrs. Jane Johns, (Charleston: Burke & Guiles, 1837), pp. 10-11.

Part 7. Indigenous Perspectives

56. William McIntosh, 'To the Members of the Legislature of the State of Georgia', 12 April 1825, in: American State Papers, Indian Affairs: Volume 2, Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Franklin (eds.) (Washington: Gales & Seaton, 1834), pp. 759-761.

57. 'The Choctaw's Farewell', Niles' Weekly Register, Volume 41 (1831-1832) (Baltimore: H. Niles, 1832), p. 480.

58. 'Proceedings in Council', 23 October 1834, in The War in Florida, Woodburne Potter (Baltimore: Lewis and Coleman, 1836), pp. 53-55.

59. John Ross, 'To the Honourable the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America', 28 September 1836, in: Letter From John Ross, the Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation, to A Gentleman of Philadelphia, (Philadelphia, 1838), pp. 22-24.

60. 'Coacoochee addresses his white captors, 4 July 1841', Quoted in Francis Samuel Drake, Indian History for Young Folks (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1885), p. 419.

Part 8. Anti-Imperial Voices

61.'Character and Claims of the Indians', Columbian Star, (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), 1 January 1825, p. 3.

62. Jeremiah Evarts, Essays on the Present Crisis in the Condition of the American Indians, (Boston: Perkins & Marvin, 1829), pp. 95-101.

63. 'The Blood-Hound War!', Madisonian for the Country, (Washington (DC), District of Columbia) III, no. 50, January 21, 1840

64. Charles Knox, 'Thoughts on a War with America', in Remarks on a war with America, and its probable consequences to that country (London: John Ollivier, 1840), pp. 1-11.

65. Citizens of Cambridge, Massachusetts, How to settle the Texas question: [address to the friends of free institutions in Massachusetts and other free states] (1845), pp. 1-6.

Part 9. Through an Environment Lens

66. Constantin-Francois Volney, View of the Climate and Soil of the United States of America, (London: J. Johnson, 1804), pp. 7-12.

67. Francois Andre Michaux, Travels to the West of the Alleghany Mountains in the States of Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee, (London: B. Crosby and Co, 1805), pp. 198-203.

68. 'From the National Intelligencer. a Sketch of Pensacola', Spooner's Vermont Journal, (Windsor, Vermont) XXVIII, no. 1401, July 30, 1810

69. Henry Marie Brackenridge, Views of Louisiana; together with a Journal of a voyage up the Missouri River, in 1811 (Pittsburgh: Cramer, Spear and Richbaum, 1814), pp. 99-103.

70. William Simmons, Notices of East-Florida, (Charleston: A.E. Miller, 1822), pp. 32-42.

Index