A Clash of Paradigms

List of Tables -- List of Figures -- List of Plates -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Glossary of Samoan Words and Phrases -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Establishing the Theoretical Context -- Modernisation -- The Beginning of an Anti-Thesis: Liberal Modernisation -- The Third Paradigm -- People-Centred Development -- Populism: Spontaneous Development -- The Third Paradigm: An Appraisal -- Post-Modernism -- A Theory of Development for the Pacific: MIRAB -- The Return of Modernisation: Neo-liberalism -- 3 Development in Practice: Development Projects -- The Development Project -- The Project Cycle -- Planning for People-Centred Development -- Development as Cultural Interaction -- 4 Samoa, Cattle and Development: Cross-Cultural Interpretations -- Culture as Constraint: Interpretations of the Role of Samoan Culture in Development -- Interpretations of the Role of Samoan Culture in Development of the Smallholder Cattle Sector -- Culture as Motivation: The Emergence of an Anti-Thesis -- 5 Understanding Samoan Culture -- The Meaning of Culture -- The Importance of Family -- Rank, Status and Social Change -- Competition, Co-operation, Community and Contradictions -- Economic Values: Work, Income and Money; Distribution, Exchange and Obligation -- Fa 'alavelave -- Conclusion -- 6 Cattle in Samoan Culture: Fa'alavelave -- The Research: Asking the Right Questions -- In the Field -- A Case Study of a Funeral -- A Survey of Fa 'alavelave -- Farmers' Thinking About Cattle in Fa 'alavelave -- The Importance, Usefulness and Meaning of Contributing Cattle to Fa'alavelave -- The Social Context of Contributing Cattle to Fa 'alavelave: Obligation, Motivation, Ambivalence and Change Conclusion -- 7 Cattle in Samoan Society and Livelihood Systems: Farmers' Experience with Cattle -- The Experience of One Village -- Cattle and Samoan Society -- Cattle, Land Tenure and Social Change -- Cattle in the Rural Livelihood System -- Technical Issues and Farmer Innovation -- Conclusion -- 8 The Success of Cattle Projects in Samoa: An Historical Perspective -- Introduction -- The History of Cattle and Cattle Projects in Samoa -- The Pioneer Phase -- The Rapid Expansion Phase -- Disillusionment -- The Turnaround -- The National Herd Success in the Smallholder Sector -- Success Found in This Research -- Other Measures of Success -- Explaining the Turnaround -- Conclusion -- 9 Exploding the Myths -- Revisiting the Assumptions About Farmer Behaviour -- Exposing the Myths -- 10 Conclusion -- Locating this Research in Cattle Projects in Samoa and the Pacific -- The Findings of This Research -- Accounting for These Observations in Theory -- From Theory to Experience: What Really Happened -- A New Theory? -- Populism and Fundamental Needs Conclusion: Asking the Right Questions -- Appendix 1: The Survey of Smallholder Cattle Farmers -- Appendix 2: Map of Samoa -- Bibliography -- Index.