Principles of Biomedical Engineering, Second Edition

Name: Principles of Biomedical Engineering, Second Edition
Brand: Artech House
Price: 247.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Sundararajan V. Madihally(Autor*in)

Artech House (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 31. Dezember 2019

544 Seiten

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Intro
Principles of Biomedical Engineering Second Edition
Contents
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
1.2 Roles of Bioengineers
1.3 History of Bioengineering
1.3.1 Development of Biomedical Imaging
1.3.2 Development of Dialysis
1.3.3 The Development of the Heart-Lung Machine
1.3.4 Other Devices
1.4 Sources for Information
Problems
Selected Bibliography
CHAPTER 2 Biotransport
2.1 Overview
2.2 Fundamental Factors
2.2.1 Liquid Compartments
2.2.2 Solute Components
2.2.3 Components in the Gas Phase
2.2.4 Importance of pH
2.3 Diffusion-Mediated Transport
2.3.1 Free Diffusion
2.3.2 Facilitated Diffusion
2.3.3 Active Transport
2.4 Osmosis-Driven Transport
2.4.1 Osmolarity
2.4.2 Tonicity
2.4.3 Osmotic Pressure
2.5 Combined Osmosis and Pressure Gradient-Driven Transport
2.6 Transport of Macromolecules
Problems
References
CHAPTER 3 Bioelectrical Phenomena
3.1 Overview
3.2 Membrane Potential
3.2.1 Nernst Equation
3.2.2 Donnan Equilibrium
3.2.3 Goldman Equation
3.3 Electrical Equivalent Circuit
3.3.1 Cell Membrane Conductance
3.3.2 Cell Membrane as a Capacitor
3.3.3 Resistance-Capacitance Circuit
3.3.4 Action Potential
3.4 Principles of Bioelectrodes
3.4.1 Electrode-Electrolyte Interface
3.4.2 Potential Monitoring Electrodes
3.4.3 Amperometric Devices
3.4.4 Intracellular Recording of Bioelectricity
3.5 Volume Conductors
3.5.1 Electric Field
3.5.2 Electrical Potential Energy
3.5.3 Conservation of Charge
3.5.4 Measuring Electrical Activity of Tissues: Example of Electrocardiogram
3.5.5 Biopotential Recording Practicalities
Problems
References
Selected Bibliography
CHAPTER 4 Biofluid Flow
4.1 Overview
4.2 Fluid Flow Characteristics
4.2.1 Conservation of Mass
4.2.2 Inertial and Viscous Forces
4.2.3 Conservation of Momentum
4.3 Nonidealities in Biological Systems
4.3.1 Oscillatory and Pulsating Flows
4.3.2 Alterations in Viscosity
4.3.3 Fluid Flow in Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
4.4 Conservation of Energy
4.4.1 Different Energy Forms
4.4.2 Energy Balance in the Body
4.4.3 Energy Expenditure Calculations
4.5 Fluid Power
4.5.1 Power Calculations in a Cardiac Cycle
4.5.2 The Efficiency of a Pump
4.5.3 Pumps in Series and Parallel
4.6 Optimization Principle for Fluid Transport
4.6.1 Minimum Work of Circulation
Problems
References
Selected Bibliography
CHAPTER 5 Biomechanics
5.1 Overview
5.2 Conservation of Momentum in Solids
5.2.1 Different Forces Acting on the Body
5.2.2 Angular Motion
5.2.3 Impulse-Momentum Relation
5.2.4 Gait Analysis (Motion Analysis)
5.3 Ideal Stress-Strain Characteristics
5.3.1 Structural Parameters and Material Parameters
5.3.2 Axial Stress and Strain
5.3.3 Shear Stress
5.3.4 Bending
5.3.5 Torsion
5.4 Nonidealities in Stress-Strain Characterization
5.4.1 Failure Under Combined Loading
5.4.2 Viscoelastic Characteristics
5.4.3 Dynamic Loading
5.5 Conservation of Energy in Solids
5.5.1 Work-Energy Relation
5.5.2 Energy Absorption
Problems
References
Selected Bibliography
CHAPTER 6 Biomaterials
6.1 Overview
6.2 Types of Biomaterials
6.2.1 Metals and Alloys
6.2.2 Ceramics
6.2.3 Polymers
6.2.4 Biological Materials
6.2.5 Composites
6.3 Material Characteristics
6.3.1 Mechanical Performance
6.3.2 Mechanical Durability
6.3.3 Corrosion and Degradation
6.3.4 Surface Roughness
6.3.5 Sterilization Techniques
6.4 Physiological Responses to Biomaterials
6.4.1 Toxicity Analysis
6.4.2 Surface Adhesion
6.4.3 Blood-Material Interactions
6.4.4 Inflammatory Response
6.4.5 Infection
6.5 Tissue Engineering
6.5.1 Material Used in Tissue Regeneration
6.5.2 Scaffold Formation Techniques
Problems
References
Selected Bibliography
CHAPTER 7 Cellular Engineering
7.1 Overview
7.2 Cell Culture
7.2.1 Microenvironment
7.2.2 Proliferation and Differentiation
7.2.3 Bioreactors
7.2.4 Different Modes of Operation
7.3 Characterization and Utilization of Products
7.3.1 Purification of Products
7.3.2 Soluble Factor Interactions
7.3.3 Enzyme-Based Biosensors
7.3.4 Antibody-Based Biosensors
7.3.5 Nucleic Acid-Based Biosensors
7.3.6 Immobilization Strategies
7.4 Cellular Processes
7.4.1 Cell-Matrix Interactions
7.4.2 Cell-Cell Interactions
7.4.3 Metabolism
7.4.4 Intracellular Degradation
7.5 Storage of Cells and Tissues
7.5.1 Long-Term Storage of Cells
7.5.2 Storage of Tissues
7.5.3 Microarray Technology
7.6 Bioinformatics
Problems
References
Selected Bibliography
CHAPTER 8 Biomedical Imaging
8.1 Overview
8.2 Properties of Light
8.2.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum
8.2.2 Energy in an EM Wave
8.2.3 Generation of EM Radiation
8.3 Interaction of Radiation with Matter
8.3.1 Absorption of EM Waves
8.3.2 Scattering of EM Waves
8.3.3 Transmission Imaging
8.4 Basics of Imaging
8.4.1 Image Acquisition
8.4.2 Digitizing Images
8.4.3 The 3-D Image Reconstruction
8.4.4 Image Quality
8.5 Imaging Devices
8.5.1 X-Ray Imaging
8.5.2 PET
8.5.3 MRI
8.5.4 Ultrasound Imaging
8.5.5 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
8.5.6 Endoscopes
8.5.7 Fluorescence Imaging
Problems
References
Selected Bibliography
CHAPTER 9 Modeling Complex Systems
9.1 Overview
9.2 Compartmental Modeling
9.2.1 Chemical Compartmental Model
9.2.2 The Apparent Volume of Distribution
9.2.3 Other Single Compartmental Systems
9.2.4 Multicompartmental Models
9.3 Special Cases of Compartmental Modeling
9.3.1 Modeling Dialysis
9.3.2 Cable Theory
9.4 Modeling Diffusion-Limited Processes
9.4.1 Case 1: Reaction-Diffusion in Cartesian coordinates.
9.4.2 Case 2: The Krogh Tissue Cylinder
9.4.3 Case 3: A 1-D Radial Diffusion in Spherical Coordinates
9.4.4 Case 4: Cell Migration
9.4.5 Complex Model Systems
Problems
References
Selected Bibliography
CHAPTER 10 Ethics and Regulatory Affairs
10.1 Overview
10.2 Complexities of Bioethics
10.2.1 Bioethics in the Context of Ethical Theories
10.2.2 The Difference Between Ethics and Law
10.2.3 Influence of Religion and Culture
10.3 Research Testing
10.3.1 The Declaration of Helsinki
10.3.2 Belmont Report
10.3.3 Institutional Review Board (IRB)
10.3.4 Informed Consent
10.4 Safety Standards
10.4.1 Standards and Guidelines
10.4.2 International Electromedical Commission (IEC)
10.4.3 ISO
10.5 Regulatory Agencies
10.5.1 The FDA
10.5.2 Device Classification
10.5.3 Compliance Requirements
Problems
Reference
Selected Bibliography
About the Author
Index

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