Chemistry at Interfaces

Preface1. Introduction 2. Theoretical Concepts I I. What Makes a Reaction Go? II. Quantitative Measurements of Free Energy III. Application of Thermodynamic Principles to Interfacial Phenomena IV. The Hydrophobic Effect Demonstrations Problems References 3. Theoretical Concepts II I. The Distribution of Molecules II. Quantum Energy Levels and Partition Functions III. Principle of Independent Surface Action IV. Important Intensive Properties for Interfaces V. Distribution of Molecules between Bulk and Interface VI. Effects of an Interface on the Orientation of Molecules VII. Reaction Rates at Interfaces Demonstrations Problems References 4. The Film Balance and the Measurement of Interfacial Pressure I. The Problem of Purity in Interfacial Work II. The Film Balance III. Modifications to Basic Film Balance IV. Spreading of Monolayers Demonstrations Problem References5. Additional Techniques I I. Interfacial Potential II. Interfacial Rheology III. Transfer of Films to Solid Supports IV. Radioactive Tracers Demonstrations Problems References 6. Additional Techniques II I. Optical Techniques II. Solid/Fluid Interfaces III. Forces between Surfaces Demonstrations Problem References 7. Monolayers I. Monolayer States II. The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation III. Equilibrium Spreading Pressure IV. Effects of Systematic Change of Molecular Structure on Monolayer Properties V. Monolayers at the Oil/Water Interface VI. Monolayers of More Complex Molecules Demonstration Problems References 8. Physical Processes at Interfaces I. Adsorption II. Desorption III. Spreading or Two-Dimensional Dissolution IV. Precipitation of Monolayers V. Molecular Configurational Changes VI. Surface Flow VII. Transport across Interfaces VIII. Unidimensional Interfaces IX. General Summary Demonstrations Problems References9. Chemical Reactions I. Kinetics of Reactions Studied by the Film Balance II. Specific Reactions Studied in Monolayers III. Polymerization Reactions IV. General Features of Interfacial Reactions V. Design of Functionalized Monolayer Systems VI. Unidimensional and Zero-Dimensional Reactions Demonstrations Problem References 10. Biological Processes and Reactions I. Membrane-Mimetic Chemistry II. Enzyme Reactions at Interfaces III. Direct Studies on Model Membrane Systems IV. The Pulmonary Surfactant V. Thrombogenicity Demonstrations Problem References 11. Applications and Future Directions I. Biology and Medicine II. Industrial Applications III. New Technologies ReferencesAppendix Answers to Problems Index