Every year we see a remarkable increase in scientific knowledge. We are learning more each day about the world around us, about the numerous biological organisms of the biosphere, about the physical and chemical processes that shaped and continue to change our planet. The cataloging, retrieval, dissemination, and use of this new information along with the continued development of new computer technology provide some of the most challenging problems in science as we enter the Information Age. With the explosion of knowledge in science, it is especially important that students in introductory courses learn not only the basic material of a subject, but also about the newest developments in that subject. With this goal in mind, we have prepared a second edition of Introduction to Plant Diseases: Identification and Management. We prepared this edition with the same general purpose that we had for the first edition - to provide practical, up-to-date information that helps in the successful management of diseases on food, fiber, and landscape plants for students who do not have a strong background in the biological sciences. We included new information on (1) the precise identification of diseases and the pathogens that cause them, (2) the development of epidemics of plant diseases, (3) the application of biotechnology in plant pathology, (4) the use of alternative methods of crop production and disease management that help protect the environment, and (5) diseases that have become more important since the first edition was published.
Auflage
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Illustrationen
ISBN-13
978-1-4615-7294-7 (9781461572947)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4615-7294-7
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1 Agriculture, Plant Diseases, and Human Affairs.- The Study of Plant Diseases.- Plant Disease Losses.- Effects of Modern Agriculture on Plant Diseases.- What Is a Plant Disease?.- Recognizing Plant Diseases.- Management of Plant Pests.- 2 Causes of Plant Diseases.- Infectious Plant Diseases.- Disease Complexes.- Noninfectious Plant Diseases.- Names of Pathogens and Diseases.- 3 History of Plant Pathology.- In Ancient Times.- From 1600 to 1800.- The Golden Age of Biology, 1840 to 1900.- The Twentieth Century.- 4 Development of Plant Diseases.- The Occurrence of Plant Disease.- The Disease Cycle.- Environmental Effects on Disease Development.- Epidemiology of Plant Diseases.- 5 Integrated Pest Management.- Evolution of Pest Management Practices.- Low Input Sustainable Agriculture (LISA).- The IPM Concept.- Economic Thresholds.- Sources of Information.- 6 Management of Plant Diseases.- Avoidance of the Pathogen by Exclusion and Evasion.- Eradication of Pathogens.- Reduction of Inoculum.-Adjustment of the Environment.- Biological Control.- Disease-Resistant Cultivars.- Certified Seed and Seed Storage.- Summary.- 7 Chemical Management of Plant Diseases.- How Pesticides Work.- Names of Pest Management Chemicals.- Pesticide Safety.- Pesticide Formulations.- Soil Treatment.- Seed Treatment.- Postharvest Treatment.- Treatment of Growing Plants.- Pesticide Sprayers and Dusters.- Spray Equipment Parts.- Pesticide Application Guidelines.- Cleaning and Storing Equipment.- Calibration of Equipment.- Forecasting Plant Diseases as an Aid to Pesticide Scheduling.- Protecting the Environment.- Summary.- 8 Biotechnology.- Vegetative Propagation.- Regeneration of Plants from Cells.- Transplanting DNA from One Cell to Another.- Citizen Concerns and the Need for Biotechnology.- 9 Nematodes.- General Nature and Importance.- Size, Distribution, and Anatomy.- Feeding Behavior and Plant Injury.- Life History, Reproduction, and Dispersal.- Enemies of Nematodes.- Environmental Effects on Nematode Survival.- Nematodes and Other Diseases.- Management.- 10 Diseases Caused by Nematodes.- Root-Knot Nematodes.- Cyst Nematodes.- Lesion Nematodes.- Stem and Bulb Nematodes.- Stubby-Root Nematodes.- 11 Fungi.- General Nature and Importance.- Growth, Reproduction, and Classification.- Distribution and Dispersal.- 12 Diseases Caused by Soilborne Fungi.- Phytophthora Root Rots.- Damping-off.- Rhizoctonia Rots.- Fusarium Root Rots, Yellows, and Wilts.- Verticillium Wilts.- Southern Blight.- Crown and Stem Rots and Watery Soft Rots.- Cylindrocladium Black Rot.- 13 Diseases Caused by Airborne Fungi.- Rusts.- Smuts.- Downy Mildews.- Powdery Mildews.- Ergot.- Blast of Rice.- Gray Mold or Botrytis Blight.- Cercospora Leaf Spots.- Helminthosporium Leaf Spots.- Alternaria Leaf Spots.- Anthracnose.- Apple Scab.- Rhizopus Soft Rot.- 14 Fungal Diseases of Shade and Forest Trees and Decay in Wood.- Chestnut Blight.- Dutch Elm Disease.- Oak Wilt.- Annosus Root and Butt Rot.- Fusiform Rust.- Dogweed Anthracnose.- Little Leaf of Pine.- Wood Decay in Buildings.- 15 Bacteria.- Size and Structure.- Identifying Bacteria.- Growth and Reproduction.- Distribution and Dispersal.- Managing Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria.- 16 Diseases Caused by Bacteria and Mycoplasmas.- Bacterial Wilt.- Fire Blight of Apple and Pear.- Soft Rots.- Bacterial Wilt of Cucumbers.- Bacterial Canker of Tomato.- Bacterial Spot of Peach and Plum.- Crown Gall.- Mycoplasma Diseases.- 17 Viruses.- Discovering Plant Viruses.- Naming of Viruses.- Symptoms of Virus Diseases.- Properties and Morphology.- Identification and Detection.- Transmission.- Management.- 18 Diseases Caused by Viruses.- Tobacco Mosaic.- Vein Banding or Streak.- Tobacco Vein Mottle.- Tobacco Etch.- Tomato Spotted Wilt.- Cucumber Mosaic.- Barley Yellow Dwarf.- Soilborne Wheat Mosaic.- Maize Dwarf Mosaic and Maize Chlorotic Dwarf.- Viroid Diseases.- 19 Diseases Caused by Parasitic Plants.- Broomrapes.- Witchweed.- Mistletoes.- Dodder.- 20 Abiotic Agents.-Deficiencies and Toxicities.- Weather Extremes.- Abnormal Water Conditions.- Phytotoxic Chemicals.- Air Pollution.- Suggested Readings.
