Noordsy's Food Animal Surgery

Name: Noordsy's Food Animal Surgery
Brand: Wiley
Price: 115.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Joseph W. Lozier Andrew J. Niehaus(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

6. Auflage

Erschienen am 12. März 2025

871 Seiten

E-Book

ePUB mit Adobe-DRM

Systemvoraussetzungen

978-1-119-93036-5 (ISBN)

115,99 €inkl. 7% MwSt.

Systemvoraussetzungen

für ePUB mit Adobe-DRM

E-Book Einzellizenz

Als Download verfügbar

Beschreibung

Fully updated new edition of a classic quick reference to common surgical procedures in farm animals

Noordsy's Food Animal Surgery, Sixth Edition is a classic quick reference to surgical procedures in livestock and companion farm animals. With a practical outline format, this book makes it easy to locate essential information on common surgical techniques, presenting 39 chapters across 6 sections for ease of navigation. The book is a helpful memory refresher for procedures or species encountered less frequently, enabling readers to build confidence in learning new surgical techniques.

Chapters review presurgical preparation, perioperative care and restraint, and surgical procedures of the major body systems, and the Sixth Edition has been updated throughout to remove outdated procedures and equipment, making way for new techniques and a focus on evidence-based best practices. Most illustrations have been updated to more accurately depict anatomy, providing surgeons with a clearer understanding of how to perform the procedures, and numerous clinically relevant photographs and illustrations have been added to better convey concepts and techniques.

A companion website allows readers to view and download figures from the text and contains study questions from the end of each chapter along with the answers to those questions.

Noordsy's Food Animal Surgery includes information on:

Surgical restraint, local, epidural, general, and postoperative anesthesia/analgesia, surgery of the head and neck, and surgical treatment of cattle with ocular disease
Umbilical hernias and infections, laparotomy, rumenotomy, fistulation, cannulation, pericardiotomy in cattle, abomasal surgery, surgical treatment of intestinal disease, and rectal prolapse repair
Surgical treatment of the male and female urogenital systems including conditions associated with urolithiasis and mammary surgery
Ligament and tendon surgery, foot and claw surgery, joint surgery, and common fractures and dislocations

Noordsy's Food Animal Surgery is an essential resource for veterinary students and large animal practitioners who care for farm animals.

Weitere Details

Weitere Ausgaben

Personen

Inhalt

List of Contributors xv

Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xix

About the Companion Website xxi

Section I General Considerations, Restraint, and Analgesia 1

1 General Surgical Considerations 3
Andrew J. Niehaus

Determining Surgical Candidacy 3

Preoperative Procedures 3

Preparing the Surgical Site 8

Postoperative Care 8

References 13

2 Surgical Restraint 15
Andrew J. Niehaus

General Considerations 15

Keep Animals Calm and Reduce Stress 15

Techniques That Divert the Animal's Attention 16

Methods That Reduce Kicking 19

Methods for Raising a Leg in Cattle 19

Methods for Restraining the Tail in Cattle 20

Methods for Casting Cattle 23

Other Restraints 23

Mechanical Restraint 25

References 27

3 Local and Regional Anesthesia 29
Andrew J. Niehaus

General Considerations for Local and Regional Anesthesia 29

Anesthesia for the Abdominal Flank in Cattle 30

Line Block 37

Anesthesia of the Distal Limb Via Vascular (IV) Infusion in Cattle (Bier Block) 38

Anesthesia of the Horn (Cornual Nerve Block) 39

Eye and Eyelid Anesthesia in Cattle 42

Teat Anesthesia in Cattle 48

Sacral and Subsacral Paravertebral Blocks 50

References 56

4 Epidural and Subarachnoid Anesthesia and Analgesia 59
Andrew J. Niehaus

Relevant Anatomy 59

Administering Epidural Anesthesia 63

References 72

5 General Anesthesia and Sedation 75
Andrew J. Niehaus

General Considerations 75

Venipuncture and IV Catheterization in Ruminants 76

Injectable Sedation and Anesthetic Drugs 81

General Anesthesia 86

Recovery 88

Regulatory Concerns in Food- Producing Animals 89

References 90

6 Perioperative Analgesia 91
Andrew J. Niehaus

Pain Management in Surgical Patients 91

Commonly Used Analgesics 92

References 94

Section II Surgery of Head and Neck 97

7 Cornuectomy 99
Andrew J.T. Muir

Indications and General Considerations 99

Basic Cornuectomy in Cattle 99

Surgical Technique 100

Postoperative Care 100

Surgical Cornuectomy in Cattle 101

Cornuectomy in Goats 103

Equipment and Supplies Needed for Cornuectomy in Cattle and Goats (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 104

Reference 104

8 Sinus Surgery in Cattle 105
Andrew J.T. Muir

Trephination of Sinuses in Cattle 105

Equipment and Supplies Needed for Sinus Surgery in Cattle (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 108

References 108

9 Dentistry 109
Andrew J.T. Muir

General Considerations 109

Routine Dental Examination 109

Clinical Signs of Odontopathy 111

Oral Tooth Extraction Technique 111

Surgical Removal of Mandibular Cheek Teeth 112

Surgical Removal of Maxillary Cheek Teeth 112

Lumpy Jaw Debulking 113

Equipment and Supplies Needed for Dentation Procedures in Ruminants (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 113

References 113

10 Tracheotomy in Cattle 115
Andrew J.T. Muir

Indications and General Considerations 115

Restraint 115

Presurgical Procedures 116

Anesthesia 116

Surgical Technique 116

Postoperative Care 117

Equipment and Supplies Needed for a Tracheotomy in Ruminants (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 117

11 Esophagotomy in Cattle 119
Andrew J.T. Muir

Indications and General Considerations 119

Anatomic Considerations 119

Restraint 119

Presurgical Procedures 119

Anesthesia 120

Surgical Technique 120

Postoperative Procedures 121

Equipment and Supplies Needed for Esophagotomy in Cattle (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 121

12 Surgery of the Eye and Adnexa 123
Joseph W. Lozier

Introduction 123

Keratectomy 124

Enucleation 124

Eyelid Masses 127

Nictitans Masses 128

Entropion Correction 128

Temporary Tarsorrhaphy 129

Nictitating Membrane Flap 129

References 130

Section III Abdominal and GI Surgery 131

13 Surgery of the Umbilicus 133
Joseph W. Lozier

Introduction 133

Umbilical Hernia 133

Treatment 134

Umbilical Infection 136

References 139

14 Laparotomy in Cattle 141
Brianna A. Jordan

Abdominal Surgery with a Flank Approach in Cattle 141

Exploratory Laparotomy 145

15 Surgery of Rumen 147
Joseph W. Lozier

Introduction 147

Rumenotomy 147

Rumenostomy 150

References 152

16 Pericardiotomy 153
Joseph W. Lozier

Introduction 153

Procedure 153

17 Abomasal Surgery 155
Joseph W. Lozier

Displaced Abomasum 155

Abomasotomy 162

References 163

18 Intestinal Surgery 165
Joseph W. Lozier

Introduction 165

Clinical Signs of Surgical Intestinal Lesions in Cattle 165

Diagnostics 166

Differentials 166

Supplies 166

Surgical Methods 167

References 168

19 Rectal Prolapse and Repair 169
Joseph W. Lozier

Factors That Predispose to Rectal Prolapse 169

Types of Rectal Prolapse 169

Treatment 169

Section IV Female Reproductive and Urogenital Surgery 173

20 Ovariectomy 175
Brianna A. Jordan

General Considerations 175

Indications 175

Surgical Approaches for cattle 175

Left Paralumbar Fossa Approach Ovariectomy in Cattle 177

Vaginal Approach Ovariectomy - Colpotomy in Cattle 178

Ovariectomy/Ovariohysterectomy in Miniature Pigs 180

References 183

21 Cesarean Section in Cows 185
Brianna A. Jordan

Indications and Considerations 185

Restraint Positions and Related Abdominal Incision Sites 186

Left and Right Paralumbar Fossa Approach with Standing Restraint 188

Ventral Midline Approach in Dorsal Recumbency 190

Ventrolateral Approach in Lateral Recumbency 192

References 194

22 Episiotomy 195
Brianna A. Jordan

Indications 195

General Considerations 195

Supplies 195

Anesthesia 195

Surgical Technique 195

23 Cesarean Section in Sheep and Goats 197
Brianna A. Jordan

Indications 197

General Considerations 197

Patient Positioning and Abdominal Incision Sites 197

Standing Restraint for a Paralumbar Fossa Incision 198

Ventrolateral Recumbency for a Paralumbar Fossa Incision 200

Dorsal Recumbency for a Ventral Midline Incision 201

References 202

24 Cesarean Section in Sows 203
Brianna A. Jordan

Indications 203

General Considerations 203

Restraint Positions and Related Abdominal Incision Sites 203

Presurgical Procedures 205

Anesthesia 205

Supplies 206

Surgical Procedures 206

Reference 209

25 Perineal Laceration Repair 211
Brianna A. Jordan

General Considerations 211

Supplies 211

Presurgical Procedures for Both Second- and Third- Degree Laceration Repairs 211

Anesthesia 212

Surgical Technique for Second- Degree Laceration Repair 212

Surgical Technique for Third- Degree Laceration Repair 212

Postoperative Care of Second- and Third- Degree Perineal Lacerations 214

References 214

26 Repair of Vaginal Prolapse in Cows 215
Brianna A. Jordan

General Considerations 215

Presurgical Procedures for All Methods 215

Anesthesia for All Methods 216

Supplies Needed for Vaginal Preparation 216

Buhner Suture 216

Modified Caslick's Method 216

Modified Minchev Method (Vaginopexy) 218

Button and Pin 220

Cervicopexy and Vaginopexy 220

Reference 222

27 Teat and Udder Surgery 223
Andrew J. Niehaus

General Considerations 223

Basics Required for Successful Teat Surgery 223

Surgical Technique for Closure of Full- thickness Teat Defects 224

Procedures to Re- establish Milk Flow 229

Treatment of Leaky Teats 236

Teat Amputation 237

Amputation of the Udder or Portions of the Udder 239

References 245

28 Urethral Extension to Correct Urovagina 247
Brianna A. Jordan

General Considerations 247

Supplies 247

Presurgical Procedures 247

Anesthesia 248

Surgical Technique 248

Postoperative Care 250

Reference 250

Section V Male Reproductive and Urogenital Surgery 251

29 Castration 253
Andrew J.T. Muir

Castration 253

References 262

30 Surgery for Cryptorchidism, Ectopic Testicle, and Scirrhous Cord 263
Andrew J.T. Muir

Cryptorchidism 263

Surgery for Ectopic Testicle in Bulls 265

Scirrhous Cord Removal 265

Equipment and Supplies Needed for Cryptorchid Castration 267

Reference 267

31 Inguinal Herniorrhaphy 269
Andrew J.T. Muir

Inguinal Herniorrhaphy After Castration 269

Inguinal (Scrotal) Herniorrhaphy in Mature Bulls 270

Equipment and Supplies Needed Inguinal Herniorrhaphy 277

References 277

32 Penile and Preputial Surgery in Bulls 279
Andrew J.T. Muir

Classifications of Penile and Preputial Conditions 279

Phallorrhaphy: Correction of Ventral and Spiral Deviations 280

Surgery to Correct Persistent Frenulum 287

Surgery to Correct Hematoma of Penis in Bulls 288

Circumcision 290

Preputial Bandaging 293

Equipment and Supplies Needed for Preputial Bandaging 295

Preputial Resection and Anastomosis ("Reefing") 295

Surgery to Correct Phimosis 297

Fibropapilloma Excision 298

Nonsurgical Treatment of Penile and Preputial Lacerations 298

Equipment and Supplies Needed for Penile Surgery 299

33 Preputial Diverticulectomy in Boars 301
Andrew J.T. Muir

Equipment Needed for Preputial Diverticulectomy (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 305

References 305

34 Surgical Preparation of Teaser Bulls, Boars, and Rams 307
Andrew J.T. Muir

General Considerations 307

Selected Surgical Procedures to Prevent Penile Intromission 308

Procedures to Block Sperm Flow 313

Equipment and Supplies Needed for Creation of Teaser Animals (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 316

Reference 316

35 Treatment of Urolithiasis 317
Andrew J.T. Muir

General Considerations 317

Urethral Process Amputation (Small Ruminants) 319

Urethrostomy 320

Tube Cystostomy 325

Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Tube Cystostomy in Small Ruminants 329

Urethral Catheterization via Perineal Urethrostomy 330

Urethrotomy 331

Surgery for Subcutaneous Abdominal Inflammation and Edema Caused by Urethral Rupture 333

Equipment and Supplies Needed for Treatment of Urolithiasis (Equipment Will Vary Depending on Desired Procedure) 333

Section VI Musculoskeletal Surgery 335

36 Ligament and Tendon Surgery 337
Joseph W. Lozier

Flexural Deformities 337

Flexor Tendon Laceration 338

Interosseus Muscle/Suspensory Ligament Rupture 339

Gastrocnemius/Achilles Tendon Rupture 339

Luxating Patella 339

Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture 340

References 341

37 Foot and Claw Surgery 343
Brianna A. Jordan

Lameness 343

Hoof Trimming 343

Surgical Procedures 345

References 352

38 Joint Surgery 353
Brianna A. Jordan

Joint Effusion 353

Arthrocentesis 354

Joint Lavage 355

Arthrotomy 356

Arthroscopy 357

References 358

39 Surgery for Fractures and Luxations 359
Joseph W. Lozier

Introduction 359

Treatment Options 359

Management of Common Fractures 364

Coxofemoral Luxation 365

Distal Limb Luxations 367

Digital Subluxation 367

References 368

Index 371

Chapter 1
General Surgical Considerations

Andrew J. Niehaus

Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

Determining Surgical Candidacy

A formula for determining if a patient is a surgical candidate does not exist, but the following should be considered:

Patient factors
- Does the diagnosis warrant surgery?
- Do nonsurgical options exist?
- Is the patient healthy enough for surgery? What are the risks of surgery to the patient? Risks of not performing surgery? (Note these risks may be different depending on the surgical procedure, approach, anesthesia employed, etc.).
Owner factors
- Do expected outcomes meet the client's expectations?
- Available finances versus cost of the procedure.
External factors
- Facilities and equipment available.
- Knowledge and surgical expertise available.
- Is the animal insured? - Contact the insurance company before procedure.

Preoperative Procedures

Medical History (Anamnesis)

Assessment of all patients should begin with a detailed history.
Begin with broad, open-ended questions that allow the client to elaborate on their observations. Focus on objective observations related to the case; avoid tunnel vision associated with owner interpretations of the findings.
Important historical information includes clinical signs, chronicity, onset, information regarding nutrition, the patient's environment, age, parity, stage of lactation (if applicable), and previous disease.
Ascertain if treatment has been attempted. What was the response to treatment?
A medical history template can aid clinicians in gathering an accurate history (Figure 1-1).

FIGURE 1-1. An example template that can be used to guide history taking on a farm animal.

Physical Examination (PE)

Arguably the most important diagnostic tool. Most conditions are diagnosed with a PE.
Develop a systematic approach - avoids tunnel vision once problems are identified and keeps the clinician from forgetting elements of PE. PE should be thorough but efficient; efficiency will increase with experience.
Start PE with an observational assessment of the animal.
A templated datasheet can be helpful to record information as well as guide the clinician and avoid omissions (Figure 1-2).
In cattle, end PE with an examination of the head as this is most likely to make the patient nervous.

Clinical Diagnostics

Prioritize tests that are likely to impact therapy.
Consider tests that can be performed patient side and yield quick and accurate results. Examples include urine dipstick and fecal occult blood.
Diagnostic imaging may not be an option in field situations; however, portable, digital, radiographic equipment is becoming common. Portable units usually are limited to imaging of extremities; portable machines lack the power to image the proximal limbs of cattle or the chest/abdomen of large patients. Portable ultrasound units are common in large animal reproductive work; however, their utility may be extended to other nonreproductive applications.

Examination Template

A physical exam template may be useful to guide clinicians in performing a PE. Many templates exist and often should be modified by the clinician to suit their individual needs. Figure 1-2 is an example of a physical exam template that may be used.

Surgical Facilities

In a farm setting, a properly selected surgical location will improve the surgical outcome.
The ideal surgical facility should take into account:
- Accessibility of the patient, surgical personnel, and equipment
- Adequate and safe patient restraint (see Chapter 2)
- Footing for the standing patient and adequate drainage
- Adequate lighting to safely and efficiently perform the procedure
  - If utilizing sunlight, consider time of day and estimated procedure length as the lighting may change.
- Access to clean, hot, and cold running water
- Protection from environmental conditions:
  - Rain
  - Temperature extremes
  - Wind
  - Dust
  - Flying insects

Restriction of Food and Water in Elective Surgery

Ruminants placed in lateral or dorsal recumbency should have restricted intake:
- Roughage for 48 hours.
- Concentrate for 24 hours.
- Water for 12 hours.
- Note that over-fasting ruminants may result in rumen contents that are more watery than normal and are more easily regurgitated.
Neonates or animals fed exclusively a milk diet require no food or water restriction.
FIGURE 1-2. An example template that can be used to guide a complete physical exam on a farm animal.
Monogastric patients should have restricted intake:
- Feed for 24 hours.
- Water for 12 hours.

Preoperative Medications

Antibiotics
- Preoperative antibiotics are indicated for patients with likely surgical contamination (e.g., umbilical abscess and open wounds).
Sedatives and tranquilizers
- Keep animals calm before anesthesia; doing so will reduce aesthetic complications and produce a smoother recovery.
- Ruminants frequently do not require sedation prior to surgical procedures.
- See Chapter 5 for details of drugs used and dosages.
- Over-sedated livestock may lie down.
- Commonly used drugs (often used in combination)
  - Acepromazine maleate
  - Xylazine
  - Ketamine
  - Butorphanol tartrate
- Effect depends on dose and route of administration.
Analgesics
- Butorphanol tartrate
  - May be used alone or in combination with sedatives and tranquilizers.
  - Not approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for food animals.
  - May cause excitement and a rough recovery from general anesthesia.
- Flunixin meglumine
  - A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has a label for food animals (unless justification exists) should be the first NSAID used.1
  - Dose = 1?mg/kg (IV or transdermal only in cattle; IM in pigs).
  - Does not have FDA approval for all food animal species.
  - Pharmacodynamic properties.
    - Analgesic
    - Antipyretic
    - Anti-endotoxic
  - May be ulcerogenic at high doses or with prolonged use.
- Meloxicam
  - No label for food-producing species in the United States (all use is considered ELDU); Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA) regulates extra-label use of FDA-approved drugs.1
  - Labeled for use in Canada and the European Union2
    - 1.0?mg/kg PO for analgesia following castration in calves.
    - 0.5?mg/kg SC for analgesia following dis-budding and abdominal surgery.
- Other NSAIDs
  - Aspirin is not recommended due to low efficacy, short duration, and ulcerogenic properties.
  - Phenylbutazone (bute) not recommended in ruminants.
    - All use is considered extra label.
    - Erratic pharmacokinetic properties with variable elimination across species leads to long withdrawal times.
    - Prohibited from use in dairy cattle 20?months of age and older.

Preparing the Surgical Site

General Considerations
- Prepare surgical site with wide margins (at least 6 inches adjacent to the intended surgical incision).
- Be neat: A client's interpretation of surgery is often based on the appearance (i.e., the neatness) of the surgical site and skin sutures.
Supplies needed
- Cotton rope clothesline (10 foot length)
- Soft brush or curry comb
- Surgical clipper blade (#10 or #40)
- Stiff scrub brush
- Dish soap
- Chlorhexidine or iodine-based surgical scrub
- 70% isopropyl alcohol
- Disposable or reusable cloth sterile surgical drapes
With a soft brush and comb, remove all loose debris from the animal.
Remove excess hair with a #10 or #40 head clipper. Dirty animals may require "pre-clipping" with a larger clipper.
For cattle undergoing standing procedures, secure the tail to the side with a tail tie to prevent contamination of the surgical site by the tail (see Chapter 2).
Rough scrub with liberal amounts of soap or surgical scrub and water. Dish detergent works well to remove debris and natural oils from the skin. Commercially available antiseptic scrubs also contain detergents that are effective.
Following a rough scrub, a minimum of two scrub and rinse cycles with an antiseptic scrub solution is recommended. Most commonly chlorhexidine or...

Systemvoraussetzungen

Als PDF speichern Als Link merken

Noordsy's Food Animal Surgery

Beschreibung

Weitere Details

Weitere Ausgaben

Personen

Inhalt

Chapter 1 General Surgical Considerations

Determining Surgical Candidacy

Preoperative Procedures

Medical History (Anamnesis)

Physical Examination (PE)

Clinical Diagnostics

Examination Template

Surgical Facilities

Restriction of Food and Water in Elective Surgery

Preoperative Medications

Preparing the Surgical Site

Systemvoraussetzungen

Chapter 1
General Surgical Considerations