Biomechanical Aspects of Soft Tissues

Biomechanical topics in soft tissues. Solids and multi-species mixtures as open systems: a continuum mechanics perspective. Elements of continuum mechanics. Thermodynamic properties of fluids. Multi-species mixtures as thermodynamically open systems. Anisotropic and conewise elasticity. Hyperelasticity, a purely mechanical point of view. Poroelasticity with a single porosity. Viscoelasticity and poro-viscoelasticity. Thermoelasticity and thermo-poroelasticity. Transfers of mass, momentum and energy. Waves in thermoelastic solids and saturated porous media. Electro-chemo-mechanical couplings : tissues with a fixed electric charge. Directional averaging and mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced tissues. Electro-chemo-mechanical couplings. Chemo-mechanical couplings in articular cartilages. Passive transport in the interstitium and circulation: basics. Coupled transportsin tissues endowed with a fixed electric charge. Effects of pH on the transport and mechanical properties of articular cartilages. Finite element analysis of electro-chemo-mechanical couplings. Two lamellar tissues: cornea and annulus fibrosus. Active transport. Growth of biological tissues. Tissue Engineering: overview of biochemical data and mechanical modeling. Growth of soft tissues. Kinematics, formulation and examples. Elastic-growing solids. Thermodynamically consistent growth laws. Elastic-growing mixtures. Solid tumors: biochemical overview and mechanical modeling. Units and physical constants. Bibliography