Archaeology and the Itinerant Jesus

Name: Archaeology and the Itinerant Jesus | A Historical Enquiry into Jesus' Itinerant Ministry in the North
Brand: Mohr Siebeck
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A Historical Enquiry into Jesus' Itinerant Ministry in the North

J. A. Lloyd(Autor*in)

Mohr Siebeck (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen im Dezember 2021

XXIX, 451 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Title
Preface
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations
Chronological periods for Palestine
Important historical dates
Hasmonean dynasty
Herodian dynasty
Maps
Chapter 1: Introduction
A. Jesus' itinerancy in the literary sources
I. Jesus' itinerancy in Mark
II. Jesus' itinerancy in Matthew and Luke
III. Jesus' itinerancy in the sayings source Q
IV. Jesus' itinerancy in other sources
V. Jesus' itinerancy: some initial observations
B. A review of what scholars are saying about Mark
I. The influence of Wrede and Schweitzer
II. The form critics and the Gospel of Mark
III. The influence of the form critics on other scholars
IV. Redaction critics and the Gospel of Mark
V. Literary critics and the Gospel of Mark
C. The quest for the historical Jesus
D. The scope and purpose of this work
E. The nature of our sources
I. The genre of the canonical Gospels
II. Q, L, John, and Thomas
III. The works of Josephus
IV. Other literary sources
F. Archaeology and method
I. The value of archaeology for historical Jesus research
II. Archaeology and methodology
G. Establishing a historical framework
I. "Almost indisputable facts"
II. Jesus' baptism by John and its significance for Jesus' ministry
III. A prophet with a message for Israel
IV. Israel, Jews, and Judeans
H. Reasons for Jesus' itinerancy
I. A strategy to reach all Israel
II. A strategy to avoid capture
I. An overview of the project
Chapter 2: The Question of Galilean Ethnicity
A. Introduction
B. Defining the region of Galilee
I. The term "Galilee"
II. Differing definitions of Galilee and its boundaries
III. The borders of Galilee as defined by Josephus
C. Literary sources and Galilean ethnicity
D. Debate over Galilean ethnicity
E. Archaeology and Jewish identity markers
I. Material culture
II. Jewish identity markers
III. Category A markers
1. Limestone/Chalk vessels
2. Ossuaries for secondary burial
3. Mikva'ot
4. Jewish Revolt coins
5. Synagogues and Jewish symbols
IV. Category B markers
1. Absence of pork bones in the bone profile
2. Hasmonean coins
3. Subterranean tunnels and secret hideaways
4. Kefar Hananya ware and Shikhin storage jars
5. Herodian oil lamps
V. The absence of non-Jewish shrines and cult artefacts
F. ESA fineware and Tyrian silver
I. Eastern Terra Sigillata Ware
II. Tyrian Silver
G. Galilean settlement history
I. From the Iron Age IIB to the end of the Persian period
II. The Persian period (539-332 BCE)
III. Early Hellenistic period (332-167 BCE)
IV. Late Hellenistic period (167-63 BCE)
V. Early Roman I period (63 BCE-70 CE)
H. Conclusion
Chapter 3: Galilee: Settlements and Ethnicity
A. Introduction
B. Gischala/Gush ?alav
I. Literary sources
II. Archaeological evidence
C. Jotapata/Yodefat
I. Literary sources
II. Archaeological evidence
D. Sepphoris/Zippori
I. Literary sources
II. Archaeological evidence
E. Nazareth
I. Literary sources
II. Archaeological evidence
F. Tiberias
I. Literary sources
II. Archaeological evidence
G. Magdala/Taricheae
I. Literary sources
II. Archaeological evidence
H. Capernaum/Kefar Nahum
I. Literary sources
II. Archaeological evidence
I. Cana: Khirbet Qana or Kefar Kana/Karm er-Ras
I. Literary sources
II. Archaeological evidence from Khirbet Qana
III. Archaeological evidence from Kefar Kana/Karm er-Ras
J. "Galilee of the Gentiles?"
K. Implications for the historical Jesus
I. Jesus and his Jewish Galilean context
II. Preaching in the synagogues of Galilee
III. Jesus and the named settlements of Galilee
IV. Did Jesus minister in Sepphoris and Tiberias?
V. Conclusion
Chapter 4: Galilee: Population Density and Travel
A. Introduction
B. The number of towns and villages in Galilee
I. Named and unnamed settlements in Josephus
II. References to Jewish settlements in other Graeco-Roman sources
III. Named settlements in the Gospels
IV. Named settlements in Rabbinic sources
V. The number of settlements based on archaeological surveys
C. The size of the Galilean population
I. Josephus' population figures
II. Estimating population size through archaeology
III. Population estimates for Jotapata
IV. Population estimates for Capernaum
V. Population estimates for Sepphoris and Tiberias
VI. Population estimates for Magdala/Taricheae
VII. Population estimates for Nazareth
VIII. The population of Galilee as a whole
D. Travel and the road network
I. Galilean roads
II. Inter-regional highways
E. Implications for the historical Jesus
I. The extent of Jesus' itinerant ministry in Galilee
II. Why are there so few named settlements?
III. Why is there no explicit itinerary in Mark?
IV. Did Jesus attract large crowds?
Chapter 5: Jesus and Gaulanitis: Settlements, Ethnicity, and Travel
A. Introduction
I. Jesus at Bethsaida
II. Jesus and the other towns and villages of Gaulanitis
B. The boundaries of Gaulanitis
C. Literary sources and Gaulanitis
D. Archaeology and the material culture of Gaulanitis
I. Seleucia, Sogane, and Solyma
II. ?orvat Kanaf
III. Qazrin
IV. 'Ein Nashut/'En Nashut
V. Dabiyye
VI. Dabura
VII. Dier 'Aziz
E. Bethsaida/Julias: Et-Tell or El-Araj
I. Literary sources on Bethsaida/Julias
II. Archaeology and Et-Tell
III. Archaeology and El-Araj
F. Gamla/Gamala
I. Literary sources on Gamla
II. Archaeology and Gamla
G. The size of the population in Gaulanitis
H. Travel and Gaulanitis
I. Roads in Gaulanitis
II. Literary sources and travel across the Sea of Galilee
III. Archaeology and travel across the Sea of Galilee
I. Where was Dalmanutha?
J. Implications for the historical Jesus
Chapter 6: Jesus and the northern Golan: Settlements, Ethnicity, and Travel
A. Introduction
B. Literary sources and the northern Golan
I. The Early Hellenistic period
II. The Late Hellenistic period
III. The Early Roman I period
IV. Jewish communities in the vicinity of Caesarea Philippi
C. Archaeology and the northern Golan
I. The Early Hellenistic period
II. The Late Hellenistic period
III. The Early Roman I period
D. Did Aristobulus I convert the Itureans to Judaism?
E. Caesarea Philippi and its district
I. The population of Caesarea Philippi
II. The temple at ?orvat Omrit
III. Jewish indicators in the district of Caesarea Philippi
IV. Caesarea Philippi and the "Baraita of the Borders"
F. Settlements in the Huleh Valley
I. Tel Anafa in the Huleh Valley
II. Jewish villages in the Huleh Valley
G. Other indicators of Jewish settlement
H. The road network
I. Implications for the historical Jesus
Chapter 7: Jesus and the Regions of Tyre and Sidon: Settlements, Ethnicity, and Travel
A. Introduction
B. Literary sources and Phoenicia
I. The land and people of Phoenicia
II. Determining the boundaries of the region of Tyre
III. Phoenician and Galilean relations
IV. Jewish communities in Phoenicia
C. Archaeology and Phoenicia
I. The material culture of Phoenicia
II. Kedesh/Tel Qedesh
III. Ptolemais: a predominantly Gentile city
D. Jewish communities in and around Ptolemais
I. A Jewish presence at Ptolemais
II. A Jewish presence in the vicinity of Ptolemais
1. ?. 'Uza
2. ?. Ga?osh
3. Kh. Musli?
4. En Hamifraz
5. Tel Afeq
6. Tel Keisan
7. El-Makr
E. Jewish communities in the hill country of Tyre
I. The material culture of the region
1. ?. 'Eved/ ?. 'Oved
2. The fortress at ?. Tefen
3. ?. Belaya
4. ?. Qazyon
5. Qeren Naftali
II. Other sites which may have had a Jewish population
1. Dar el-Gharbiya
2. ?. Bulu'a
3. ?. Ba?ir
F. Ambiguous sites in the hill country of Tyre
I. ?. Bet Zeneta/Kh. Zuweinita
II. Other sites yielding ambiguous data
G. Implications for the historical Jesus
H. Travel through Sidon to the Sea of Galilee
I. Jesus' route through the region of Sidon
II. Jesus' probable route through the Decapolis
III. Conclusion
Chapter 8: Jesus and the Decapolis: Settlements, Ethnicity, and Travel
A. Introduction
I. Jesus in the Decapolis
II. The districts of Hippos/Sussita and Gadara
III. Jesus' motive for visiting predominantly Gentile districts?
B. Literary sources and Hippos/Sussita and Gadara
C. Archaeology and Hippos/Sussita
I. A predominantly Gentile city
II. Jewish remains at Hippos/Sussita
D. Jewish settlements in the district of Hippos/Sussita
I. Jewish remains at Fiq/Afiq
II. The Jewish village of Umm el-Qanatir/Kanatir
III. Tel el-Kursi and the Kursi/Qursi Beach settlement
1. Tel el-Kursi
2. The Kursi/Qursi Beach settlement
IV. Forbidden towns in the district of Hippos/Sussita
1. HSFYYH, Khisfiya/Khisfin
2. 'YNWSH, 'Einosh
3. Other settlements in the list of forbidden towns
4. A Jewish presence at El 'Al
E. Archaeology and Gadara
I. The city of Gadara
II. Jewish remains at Gadara
F. Jewish settlements in the district of Gadara
I. ?ammat Gader
II. Tel Dover
III. Tel Zar'a
G. Travel
I. Roads and terrain
II. Travel across the Sea of Galilee
H. Implications for the historical Jesus
I. Jesus in the region of the Gerasenes?
II. Jesus' return to the Decapolis
III. Conclusion
Chapter 9: Summary and Conclusion: Jesus' Itinerancy in the North
A. The purpose and approach of this work
B. Jesus' itinerancy in Galilee
C. Jesus' itinerancy in surrounding regions
D. Additional points emerging from this work
E. Suggestions for further research
I. An exploration of Jesus' itinerancy in the south
II. Enquiry into the length of Jesus' itinerant ministry
III. Implications of itinerancy for the formation of oral traditions
Bibliography
Index of References
Index of Modern Authors
Index of Subjects

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