Point-of-Care Ultrasound Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner

Name: Point-of-Care Ultrasound Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner
Brand: Wiley
Price: 157.99 EUR
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Gregory R. Lisciandro(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

2. Auflage

Erschienen am 23. Dezember 2020

1024 Seiten

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978-1-119-46102-9 (ISBN)

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Beschreibung

This book offers a thorough revision and update to the first landmark book that presented a standardized approach to focused point-of-care ultrasound exams of the abdomen, thorax, musculoskeletal and eye in veterinary practice. Now incorporating new applications for focused ultrasound exams and additional species, this Second Edition continues to be a state-of-the-art reference for using abbreviated ultrasound exams in clinical practice. A companion website features supplementary video clips of these point-of-care techniques depicting actual ultrasound exams for comparison and comprehension.

New chapters in Point-of-Care Ultrasound Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner, Second Edition cover ultrasound-guided nerve blocks, musculoskeletal, brain imaging, and applications of focused ultrasound techniques in cats, exotics and marine mammals--making it an essential purchase for veterinarians wanting to incorporate point-of-care ultrasound techniques into their veterinary practices.

* Presents a standardized approach to point-of-care ultrasound as an extension of the physical exam, including trauma, non-trauma, and monitoring applications

* Includes coverage of new techniques for focused ultrasound exams, including lung, anesthesia and ultrasound guided nerve blocks, transcranial brain imaging, musculoskeletal, volume status evaluation, and rapid assessment for treatable forms of shock

* Adds cats, exotic and wildlife mammals, and marine mammals to the existing canine coverage

* Emphasizes the integration of point-of-care ultrasound techniques for optimizing patient care and accurate patient assessment

* Offers access to a companion website with supplementary video clips showing many clinically relevant didactic examples

The second edition of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner is an excellent resource for veterinary practitioners, ranging from the general practitioner to nearly all clinical specialists, including internal medicine, oncology, cardiology, emergency and critical care, anesthesiology, ophthalmology, exotics, and zoo medicine specialists, and veterinary students.

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Companion Website
SECTION 1 Basics of Ultrasound and Imaging
CHAPTER 1 POCUS: Introduction
Veterinary POCUS (V-POCUS) Defined
Terminology Updates
Recording Your Findings on Goal-directed Templates
Echogenicity - Whites, Grays, and Blacks
How Ultrasound Behaves Relative to Tissues and Elements
Ultrasound Screen Orientation
Directional Terms for Orientation
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 2 POCUS: Basic Ultrasound Physics
Introduction
Basic Ultrasound Principles
The Final Say
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 3 POCUS: Basic Ultrasound Artifacts
Introduction
Artifacts of Attenuation: Strong Reflectors (Bone, Stone, Air)
Artifacts of Attenuation: Fluid-Filled Structures
Artifacts of Velocity or Propagation
Artifacts of Multiple Echoes
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
CHAPTER 4 POCUS: Basic Ultrasound Scanning
Introduction
Understanding Features of the Ultrasound Image
Probe Maneuvers
Cardiac Orientation
Image Optimization: Using the "Big 4" Knobs of Depth, Gain, Frequency, and Focus
Presets, Abdominal, Cardiac, Small Parts, etc.
Alternate Imaging Tools
On the Horizon
Documentation of POCUS and FAST Ultrasound Examination Findings
Ultrasound Machine and Probe Care
Deciding on an Ultrasound Machine
Setting Up an Ultrasound Program
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
CHAPTER 5 POCUS: Top Ultrasound Mistakes During Global FAST
Introduction
Image Acquisition Mistakes
Other Probe-Skin Contact Issues
Ultrasound Machine Optimization
Pearls: Trouble Shooting a Poor Image
Image Interpretation
Pearls, Pitfalls, and The Final Say
References
Further Reading
SECTION II Abdomen
CHAPTER 6 POCUS: AFAST - Introduction and Image Acquisition
Introduction
How to Perform an AFAST Exam
Naming and Order of the AFAST Views
AFAST Diaphragmatico-Hepatic View
AFAST Spleno-Renal View
AFAST Cysto-Colic View
AFAST Hepato-Renal Umbilical View
AFAST HR5th (SR5th) Bonus View
AFAST-Focused Spleen
Recording AFAST Findings on Goal-directed Templates
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 7 POCUS: AFAST - Clinical Integration
Introduction
Calculating the Abdominal Fluid Score
Major AFAST Difference Between Blunt and Penetrating Trauma
Use of AFAST for Canine Anaphylaxis
AFAST DH View for Pericardial Effusion
AFAST Cysto-Colic View Formula for Urinary Bladder Volume Estimation
AFAST and Its Target Organ Approach
Recording AFAST Findings on Goal-directed Templates
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 8 POCUS: Liver and Gallbladder
Introduction
Ultrasound Settings and Positioning
How to Perform the POCUS Liver and Gallbladder Examination
Ultrasonographic Findings: Normal Liver and Gallbladder
Clinical Significance and Implications of Abnormal Focused Liver and Gallbladder Findings
Routine Add-on of AFAST and Abdominal Fluid Scoring System (or Global FAST)
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 9 POCUS: Spleen
Introduction
Patient Positioning and Probe Selection
How to Perform the POCUS Spleen
Ultrasonographic Findings in a Normal Spleen
Clinical Significance and Implications of Abnormal Findings
Routine Add-on of AFAST and Its Abdominal Fluid Scoring System (or Global FAST)
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
CHAPTER 10 POCUS: Kidney
Introduction
Patient Positioning and Probe Selection
Patient Preparation
How to Perform the POCUS Kidney
Ultrasonographic Findings in a Normal Kidney
Routine Add-on of AFAST and Its Abdominal Fluid Scoring System
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 11 POCUS: Urinary Bladder
Introduction
Patient Positioning and Probe Selection
How to do POCUS Urinary Bladder
Ultrasonographic Findings in a Normal Urinary Bladder
Artifacts Associated with POCUS Urinary Bladder
Clinical Significance and Implications of Abnormal POCUS Urinary Bladder Findings
Routine Add-on of AFAST and Its Abdominal Fluid Scoring System (or Global FAST)
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
CHAPTER 12 POCUS: Gastrointestinal Tract and Pancreas
Introduction
Patient Positioning and Probe Selection
Scanning Technique
POCUS GIT and Pancreas Findings and Their Significance
Pearls, Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
Further Reading
SECTION III Reproductive and Pediatric
CHAPTER 13 POCUS: Reproductive - Male
Introduction
Reproductive Conditions of the Male
The Prostate
Scrotum and Testicles
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
CHAPTER 14 POCUS: Reproductive - Female
Introduction
Reproductive Conditions of the Female
Patient Positioning and Probe Selection
Imaging the Normal Ovary
Imaging the Normal Uterus
Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia-Pyometra
Uterine Torsion
Mounting of Postoperative Recently In-heat Spayed Females
Pseudopregnancy
Pregnancy Diagnosis
Mammary Glands
Pearls, Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 15 POCUS: Dystocia
Introduction
Dystocia
Fetal Maturation: Imaging Puppies and Kittens In Utero
Fetal Stress
Serial POCUS Dystocia during Medical Management
Pearls, Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 16 POCUS: Pediatrics
Introduction
Equipment
Patient Preparation
Ultrasound of the Normal Pediatric Abdomen
Common Pediatric Abdominal Disorders
Metabolic Conditions of the Pediatric Patient
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
SECTION IV Thorax
CHAPTER 17 POCUS: TFAST - Introduction and Image Acquisition
Introduction
What Clinical Questions are Answered using TFAST
TFAST and Its Five Acoustic Windows
Peforming TFAST - General Set-Up
Performing the TFAST Chest Tube Site View
Performing the TFAST Pericardial Views
Performing the TFAST Diaphragmatico-Hepatic View
Summary of TFAST Views and Their Clinical Utility
Recording TFAST Findings on Goal-directed Templates
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
CHAPTER 18 POCUS: TFAST - Clinical Integration
Introduction
Findings at the Chest Tube Site View
Pericardial Effusion
Pleural Effusion
Additional Clinical Relevance of the DH View
TFAST Echo Views
The Global FAST Approach is Key to Averting Satisfaction of Search Error
Recording TFAST Findings on Goal-directed Templates
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
CHAPTER 19 POCUS: Heart - Introduction and Image Acquisition
Introduction
Ultrasound Settings and Probe Preferences
How to Perform a Focused Cardiac Ultrasound
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
CHAPTER 20 POCUS:Heart - Abnormalitiesof Valves, Myocardium,and Great Vessels
Introduction
Valvular Heart Diseases
Myocardial Diseases
Cardiac Neoplasia
Abnormalities of Great Vessels
Cardiopulmonary Arrest
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
CHAPTER 21 POCUS: Heart - Pericardial Effusion and Pericardiocentesis
Introduction
Pericardial Effusion
Pericardiocentesis
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
CHAPTER 22 POCUS: Vet BLUE - Introduction and Image Acquisition
Introduction
Patient Preparation
Patient Positioning
Ultrasound Settings and Probe Preferences
How to Do a Vet BLUE Exam
Vet BLUE and Its Nine Acoustic Windows
Performing the Vet BLUE
Trouble Shooting
Vet BLUE Six Lung Ultrasound Signs
Comparison of Vet BLUE to Other Lung Ultrasound Protocols
Recording Vet BLUE Findings on Goal-directed Templates
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 23 POCUS: Vet BLUE - Clinical Integration
Introduction
What Vet BLUE Can Do
Important Considerations and Limitations of Vet BLUE and Lung Ultrasound
Vet BLUE Visual Lung Language
Vet BLUE B-line Scoring System
Other B-line Scoring Systems
Six Signs-Further Information
Other Lines: Are They Really Lines?
Clinical Use of Regional Pattern-based Vet BLUE Approach
Using the Vet BLUE "Wet Lung" versus "Dry Lung" Concept for Monitoring During Fluid Therapy
Lung Contusions and Vet BLUE
Pitfalls, False Negatives, False Positives, and Limitations
Vet BLUE Examples
Monitoring Applications for Vet BLUE
The Future of Proactive Vet BLUE and Lung Ultrasound in Small Animals
Recording Vet BLUE Findings on Goal-Directed Templates
Case Examples of Vet BLUE Advantage over Thoracic Radiography
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Quick Reference of Normals and Rules of Thumb
References
SECTION V Vascular
CHAPTER 24 POCUS: Central Venous and Arterial Catheterization
Introduction
Placement of an Ultrasound-guided Central Venous Jugular Catheter
How to Place an Ultrasound-guided Central Venous Jugular Catheter
Placement of Ultrasound-guided Femoral Arterial Catheters and Sampling
General Comments regarding Transverse versus Longitudinal Orientation
How to Make a Realistic Practice Phantom
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 25 POCUS: Vascular - Veins and Arteries
Introduction
Equipment, Materials, and General Preparation
Venous and Arterial Thromboembolism
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 26 POCUS: Caudal Vena Cava
Introduction
How to Do a POCUS Caudal Vena Cava
The Three Methods for POCUS Caudal Vena Cava
Image Acquisition and Measurements for POCUS Caudal Vena Cava
Use of Allometric Scaling Formulas for CVC Assessment
Integration of POCUS CVC Findings
Inherent Differences Between Volume Status in People and Small Animals
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
Further Reading
SECTION VI Ocular, Neurological, and Musculoskeletal
CHAPTER 27 POCUS: Eye
Introduction
Ultrasound Settings
Patient Eye Preparation
How to do the POCUS Eye
Ultrasonographic Findings in a Normal Eye
Clinical Significance and Implications of Abnormal Findings
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 28 POCUS: Brain - Image Acquisition
Introduction
Ultrasonographic Anatomy
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 29 POCUS: Brain - Clinical Integration
Introduction
How to do POCUS Brain
Sonographic Features of Traumatic Brain Injury from Trauma
Sonographic Features of Brain Pathology from Nontrauma
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
CHAPTER 30 POCUS: Nerve Blocks - Forelimb
Introduction
How to Perform POCUS Nerve Blocks - Forelimb
Ultrasound-guided Brachial Plexus: Paravertebral Approach
Ultrasound-guided Brachial Plexus Block through a Subscalene Approach
Ultrasound-guided Brachial Plexus Block through an Axillary Approach
Ultrasound-guided Radial, Ulnar, Median, and Musculocutaneous (RUMM) Nerve Block
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 31 POCUS: Nerve Blocks - Pelvic Limb
Introduction
How to Perform POCUS Nerve Blocks - Pelvic Limb
Ultrasound-guided Femoral Nerve Block in the Psoas Compartment
Ultrasound-guided Femoral Nerve Block in the Inguinal Region
Ultrasound-guided Saphenous Nerve Block in the Distal Thigh Region
Ultrasound-guided Sciatic Nerve Block
Ultrasound-guided Sciatic Nerve Block in the Lateral Thigh Region
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 32 POCUS: Nerve Blocks - Trunk
Introduction
Ultrasound-guided Thoracic and Abdominal Wall Blocks
Ultrasound-guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block
Ultrasound-guided Intercostal Block
Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 33 POCUS: Nerve Blocks - Neuroaxial
Introduction
Sonoanatomy of the Spine
Longitudinal Ultrasound Scan of the Lumbosacral Area
Transverse Ultrasound Scan of the Lumbosacral Area
Longitudinal Scan of the Thoracolumbar Area
Ultrasound-guided Intrathecal Approach
Ultrasound Signs of Epidural/Intrathecal Injection
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
CHAPTER 34 POCUS: Musculoskeletal - Soft Tissue
Introduction
Equipment and Settings for POCUS Musculoskeletal - Soft Tissue
Patient Preparation
How To Do the POCUS Musculoskeletal - Soft Tissue
Ultrasonographic Findings of Common Soft Tissue Structures
Common Soft Tissue Lesions
Abdominal Wall Injury or Hernia
Neoplasia of Superficial Structures
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References & Further Reading
CHAPTER 35 POCUS: Musculoskeletal - Bones and Joints
Introduction
Equipment and Settings
Minimizing MSK-related Artifacts
Ultrasonographic Findings in the Normal Bone, Muscle, and Tendon
Ultrasonographic Findings in Diseased Bone, Muscle, and Tendon
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
Further Reading
SECTION VII Monitoring and Surveillance
CHAPTER 36 POCUS: Global FAST - Patient Monitoring and Staging
Introduction
Ultrasound Settings, Probe Preferences, Patient Positioning, and Preparation
Global FAST for Patient Monitoring
Global FAST for Staging Disease - Localized Versus Disseminated Disease
Global FAST Approach Case Examples
Global FAST for Urinary Obstruction and Renal Failure
Global FAST for Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Global FAST and Anesthesia
Use of Global FAST as Geriatric Health Screening
Global FAST and Saving Images
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
CHAPTER 37 POCUS: Global FAST - Rapidly Detecting Treatable Forms of Shock, Advanced Life Support, and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Introduction
Ultrasound Settings, Probe Preferences, and Patient Positioning and Preparation
How to Do Global FAST
The Hs Covered by Global FAST
The Ts Covered by Global FAST
Comparison of Global FAST and the RUSH Examination
Global FAST for Rapidly Detecting Treatable Forms of Shock
Final Comments on the Global FAST Approach
Global FAST and Saving Images
Global FAST and Goal-Directed Templates
Global FAST for Advanced Life Support and Patient Management
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
CHAPTER 38 POCUS: VetFAST-ABCDE
Introduction
Ultrasound Settings, Probe Preferences, and Patient Positioning
How to do the POCUS: VetFAST-ABCDE Exam
Clinical Significance and Implications of Abnormal VetFAST-ABCDE Exam Findings
Ultrasound-Guided and -Assisted Procedures
POCUS: VetFAST-ABCDE in Shock Syndrome, CPR, and ALS
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
References
SECTION VIII Felines and Exotic Species
CHAPTER 39 POCUS: Feline Differences - Abdomen and Thorax
Introduction
Feline Abdomen
Feline Thorax - TFAST and Vet BLUE
Performing Global FAST in a Cat
Goal-Directed Templates
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 40 POCUS: Exotic Companion Mammals
Introduction
Anatomy
Patient Positioning and Probe Selection
Imaging the Normal Exotic Companion Mammal
POCUS-Detected Conditions
Normal Reference Ranges for Various Exotic Companion Mammals
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
CHAPTER 41 POCUS: Marine Mammals
Introduction
Equipment, Probe Type, and Settings
Environment, Machine, and Sonographer Location
Patient Positioning, Restraint, and Breathing
The Global FAST Examination
Pitfalls - Probe Positioning and Orientation
Most Efficient Ways to Perform Global FAST
Other POCUS - Venipuncture, Thyroids, Testicles, Eyes, and Fetus
Global FAST Goal-Directed Template
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Acknowledgments
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 42 POCUS: Birds and Reptiles
Introduction
Avian
Reptile
FAST Ultrasound in Birds and Reptiles
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
SECTION IX Ultrasound-Guided Procedures
CHAPTER 43 POCUS: Ultrasound-Guided Procedures - Abdominocentesis, Thoracocentesis, and Pericardiocentesis
Introduction
Pericardiocentesis
Thoracocentesis
Abdominocentesis
Modified Ultrasound-guided Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 44 POCUS: Ultrasound-Guided Lung and Thoracic Sampling
Introduction
Performing Ultrasound-Guided Lung and Thoracic Sampling
Two Methods of Ultrasound Guidance: Free-hand and Using Probe Guides
Building Skills on Phantoms
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
References
Further Reading
SECTION X Management
CHAPTER 45 POCUS: Setting Up Successful POCUS and FAST Ultrasound Programs
Introduction
Proper Training
Accessibility
Communicating Value to Clients
Use of Goal-Directed Templates
Quality Control
Training Techniques
Pearls and Pitfalls, The Final Say
Reference
Further Reading
APPENDIX I Goal-Directed Templates for Medical Records
AFAST®
POCUS - Liver and Gallbladder
POCUS Spleen
POCUS Kidney
POCUS Urinary Bladder
POCUS Reproductive
Female - Uterus
POCUS Reproductive Dystocia
TFAST®
Vet BLUE® - Simple Version
Vet BLUE® - Detailed Version
POCUS Echo (Heart)
POCUS Pediatrics
POCUS Eye
Vet FAST-ABCDE
Global FAST® (GFASTSM)
APPENDIX II Abbreviations, Terminology and Glossary
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Terminology and Glossary
APPENDIX III Quick References of Normal Values and Rules of Thumb
AFAST®
Author's Treatment and Monitoring Guidelines for Canine Anaphylaxis (AX) in All AFAST Fluid-Positive Cases to Prevent and Treat AX-related Heparin-Induced Hemoabdomen
POCUS Liver and Gallbladder
POCUS Spleen
POCUS Kidney
POCUS Urinary Bladder
POCUS Gastrointestinal and Pancreas
POCUS Reproductive
TFAST®
Vet BLUE®
POCUS Heart
POCUS Caudal Vena Cava
POCUS Pediatrics
POCUS Felines
POCUS Exotic Companion Mammals
VetFAST-ABCDE Exam
POCUS Marine Mammals
Global FAST®
Index
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