Advances in Cholestatic Liver Diseases, An issue of Clinics in Liver Disease

Name: Advances in Cholestatic Liver Diseases, An issue of Clinics in Liver Disease
Brand: Elsevier
Price: 71.39 EUR
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Cynthia Levy(Autor*in)

Elsevier (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 7. Januar 2016

100 Seiten

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978-0-323-42992-4 (ISBN)

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Front Cover
Advances in Cholestatic Liver Diseases
Copyright
Contributors
CONSULTING EDITOR
EDITOR
AUTHORS
Contents
Preface: Advances in Cholestatic Liver Diseases
The Gut-Liver Axis in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
The Immunogenetics of Autoimmune Cholestasis
Making Sense of Autoantibodies in Cholestatic Liver Diseases
New Thoughts on Immunoglobulin G4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Multiple Phenotypes, Multiple Approaches
Cancer Risk and Surveillance in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Sclerosing Cholangitis in Children and Adolescents
Novel Therapies on Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Understanding and Treating Fatigue in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Utility of Noninvasive Markers of Fibrosis in Cholestatic Liver Diseases
Total Parenteral Nutrition-Induced Cholestasis: Prevention and Management
New Insights on Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Liver Transplantation for Cholestatic Liver Diseases in Adults
CLINICS IN LIVER DISEASE
FORTHCOMING ISSUES
RECENT ISSUES
Preface: Advances in Cholestatic Liver Diseases
The Gut-Liver Axis in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Key points
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
CLINICAL FEATURES OF PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
PATHOGENESIS
Shared Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetic Susceptibility
Interleukin-2/Interleukin-2 Receptor a Pathway
Macrophage-Stimulating-1 Pathway
Fucosyltransferase 2 Pathway
Salt-Inducible Kinase-2 Pathway
Entero-Hepatic Immune Dysregulation in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
THERAPEUTIC TARGETING OF THE GUT-LIVER AXIS IN PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Altering the Microbiome
Immunosuppression and Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor a Therapy
Targeted Entero-Hepatic Therapies for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
The Immunogenetics of Autoimmune Cholestasis
Key points
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS: HERITABILITY AND FAMILIAL CLUSTERING
HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN ASSOCIATIONS
T-CELL SIGNALING
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR a SIGNALLING
MUCOSAL IMMUNE ACTIVATION IN LIVER AUTOIMMUNITY
IMMUNO-EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES
THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
REFERENCES
Making Sense of Autoantibodies in Cholestatic Liver Diseases
Key points
INTRODUCTION
AUTOANTIBODIES IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
Antimitochondrial Antibodies
Anti-nuclear Antibodies
AUTOANTIBODIES IN PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
OTHER AUTOANTIBODIES
AUTOANTIBODY DETECTION
Indirect Immunofluorescence
Solid Phase Immunoassay
Other Immunoassay
Novel Combo Assay
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
New Thoughts on Immunoglobulin G4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis
Key points
SYNOPSIS
Concept of Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease
Brief History
Terminology
Epidemiology and Demographics
CLINICAL FEATURES OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN G4-RELATED SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
Clinical Manifestations
Laboratory Features
Radiographic Features
Histopathology Features
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
PROGNOSIS AND NATURAL HISTORY
PATHOGENESIS OF DISEASE
Role of Genetic Factors
Role of Autoantibodies and Autoantigens
Role of Microbial Antigens
Role of the Immunoglobulin G4 Molecule
Role of Immune Cells
T helper 2 (Th2) and T regulatory cells
Chemokine signaling
Innate immune cells
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Key points
INTRODUCTION
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
IDENTIFICATION OF PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS PHENOTYPES
LARGE DUCT PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS VARIANTS
Stricture Type
Non-Inflammatory Bowel Disease Large Duct Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
High-Immunoglobulin G4 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap
Pediatric Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Nonwhite Population Large Duct Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
SMALL DUCT PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
IMMUNOGLOBULIN G4-RELATED SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
MULTIPLE APPROACHES
Diagnosis
Management
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
Cancer Risk and Surveillance in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Key points
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS AND PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS-ASSOCIATED CANCER RISK
PRINCIPLES OF CANCER SURVEILLANCE
CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
Epidemiology of Cholangiocarcinoma in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Surveillance Strategies in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Associated Cholangiocarcinoma
Diagnostic Modalities Relevant for Surveillance of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Cholangiocarcinoma
Noninvasive imaging
Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Biliary brush cytology
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Treatment Options Relevant for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Cholangiocarcinoma Surveillance
Suggested Surveillance Strategy for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Cholangiocarcinoma
GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
Epidemiology of Gallbladder Carcinoma in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
SURVEILLANCE STRATEGIES IN PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS-ASSOCIATED GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA
Diagnostic Modalities Relevant for Surveillance of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Gallbladder Carcinoma
Treatment Options Relevant for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Gallbladder Carcinoma Surveillance
Recommended Surveillance Strategy for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Gallbladder Carcinoma
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
COLORECTAL CARCINOMA IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
Epidemiology of Colorectal Carcinoma in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
SURVEILLANCE STRATEGIES IN PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS-ASSOCIATED COLORECTAL CARCINOMA
Diagnostic Modalities Relevant to Surveillance of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Colorectal Carcinoma
Treatment Options Relevant to Surveillance of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Colorectal Carcinoma
Recommended surveillance strategy for primary sclerosing cholangitis-colorectal carcinoma
CANCER SURVEILLANCE IN SPECIFIC PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS SUBPOPULATIONS
Cancer Surveillance in Pediatric Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Cancer Surveillance in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Patients Posttransplant
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Sclerosing Cholangitis in Children and Adolescents
Key points
DEFINITION
HISTORIC BACKGROUND
SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
DIAGNOSIS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
GENETIC FEATURES
PEDIATRIC SERIES
Retrospective Studies
Prospective Study
TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Novel Therapies on Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Key points
BACKGROUND
URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID
FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND EMERGING TREATMENTS
Farnesoid X Receptor Agonists/Obeticholic Acid
Fibrates
Glucocorticoids/Budesonide
Immunologic/Molecular Therapies
Anti-CD20/rituximab
Anti-interleukin-12/ustekinumab
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4/abatacept
Anti-CXCL10/MDX-1100, NI-08091
Mesenchymal stem cells
Antiretroviral therapy
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Understanding and Treating Fatigue in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Key points
INTRODUCTION
THE CLINICAL SCENARIO
THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEM
ASSESSMENT OF FATIGUE
UNDERSTANDING FATIGUE IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS AND PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
Central Fatigue
Peripheral Fatigue
A Model for Pathogenesis
TREATMENT OF FATIGUE IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS AND PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
Novel Therapies
Future Perspectives
REFERENCES
Utility of Noninvasive Markers of Fibrosis in Cholestatic Liver Diseases
Key points
WHY EVALUATE FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC CHOLESTATIC LIVER DISEASES?
HISTOLOGY AS A GOLD STANDARD FOR ASSESSING FIBROSIS: RELEVANCE AND LIMITATIONS
THE (LONG) STORY OF FIBROSIS MARKERS IN CHRONIC CHOLESTATIC LIVER DISEASES
NONINVASIVE EVALUATION OF FIBROSIS IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS: TOWARD A RATIONAL CHOICE
NONINVASIVE EVALUATION OF FIBROSIS IN PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS: NOTHING BUT LIVER STIFFNESS MEASUREMENT?
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF FIBROSIS MARKERS IN CHOLESTATIC LIVER DISEASES
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Total Parenteral Nutrition-Induced Cholestasis
Key points
INTRODUCTION
Terminology
Definition
Frequency and Spectrum of Disease
Differences Between Children and Adults in Pathophysiology and Risk Factors for Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease
Biological Mechanisms for Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease
PREVENTION
Monitoring
Dedicated Expert Teams
MANAGEMENT
Sepsis
Components of Parenteral Nutrition
Calories and amino acids
Lipids and fish oil
Multiprofessional Working
Reducing Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease Through Improvements in Central Venous Catheter Care
Intestinal Transplantation
Isolated Liver Transplantation in Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
New Insights on Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Key points
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
RISK FACTORS
GENETICS
DIAGNOSIS
SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY
FETAL OUTCOME
MATERNAL OUTCOME
TREATMENT
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Liver Transplantation for Cholestatic Liver Diseases in Adults
Key points
INTRODUCTION
PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
Identifying Patients Most Likely to Need a Liver Transplant
Indications for Transplantation
Waiting List Mortality for Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Model for End-stage Liver Disease Score Exceptions in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Posttransplant Outcomes in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Secondary Cholestatic Disease Posttransplantation
PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
Indications for Transplantation
Waiting List Mortality for Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Model for End-stage Liver Disease Exception Points for Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Posttransplant Outcomes
REFERENCES

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