The New Jerusalem in the Book of Revelation

Name: The New Jerusalem in the Book of Revelation | A Study of Revelation 21-22 in the Light of its Background in Jewish Tradition
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A Study of Revelation 21-22 in the Light of its Background in Jewish Tradition

Pilchan Lee(Autor*in)

Mohr Siebeck (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen im Dezember 2019

XVI, 342 Seiten

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Beschreibung

There is a development between expectation for the rebuilding of the New Jerusalem/Temple in the Old Testament and the coming of the New Jerusalem/Temple in Revelation. In Revelation, there is a dynamic relation between the New Jerusalem and the Heavenly Jerusalem: the New Jerusalem is the descent of the Heavenly Jerusalem. Moreover, there is no Temple building which was expected as the eschatological promise in the Old Testament but rather God and the Lamb is the Temple. How can this shift be explained?Pilchan Lee examines the exegetical tradition which existed between the Old Testament and Revelation. He assumes that as the exegetical tradition, the early Jewish (apocalyptic) literature functions as a key element for forming the idea of the New Jerusalem in Revelation. John's main argument is that the church (which is symbolized by several images) is placed in heaven now (chapters 4-20) and the church (which is symbolized by the New Jerusalem) will descend to the earth from heaven in the future (21-22).

There is a development between expectation for the rebuilding of the New Jerusalem/Temple in the Old Testament and the coming of the New Jerusalem/Temple in Revelation. In Revelation, there is a dynamic relation between the New Jerusalem and the Heavenly Jerusalem: the New Jerusalem is the descent of the Heavenly Jerusalem. Moreover, there is no Temple building which was expected as the eschatological promise in the Old Testament but rather God and the Lamb is the Temple. How can this shift be explained? Pilchan Lee examines the exegetical tradition which existed between the Old Testament and Revelation. He assumes that as the exegetical tradition, the early Jewish (apocalyptic) literature functions as a key element for forming the idea of the New Jerusalem in Revelation. John's main argument is that the church (which is symbolized by several images) is placed in heaven now (chapters 4-20) and the church (which is symbolized by the New Jerusalem) will descend to the earth from heaven in the future (21-22).

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Inhalt

Cover
Titel
Preface
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. The Jerusalem/Temple Idea in the Old Testament
1.1. Introduction
1.2. The Book of Ezekiel
1.2.1. Opening Vision (1:1-28)
1.2.2. Departure of the Glory of God from the Solomonic Temple (chs. 2-11)
1.2.3. Expectation for Restoration (11:17-20 and chs. 12-39)
1.2.4. Closing Vision: The New Temple/Jerusalem (chs. 40-48)
1.2.5. Conclusion
1.3. The Book of Isaiah
1.3.1. Exegetical Observations (65:16-25)
1.3.1.1. New Creation and New Jerusalem (Isa. 65:16-18)
1.3.1.2. Blessings in the New Jerusalem/the New Creation (Isa. 65:19-25)
1.3.1.3. Summary (65:16-25)
1.3.2. Comparative Observations (66:1-24)
1.3.3. Thematic Observations
1.3.3.1. Heavenly Temple (Isa. 6:1-3)
1.3.3.2. Rebuilding of the New Jerusalem/Temple (Isa. 4:5-6
26:1
28:16
33:16, 20
44:24-28
58:12
54:2-3, 4-6, 11-12)
1.3.3.3. Gathering of All Nations (2:2-4
60:1-14
14:1-2)
1.3.3.4. Gathering of the Remnant from Exile (35:10
49:19-20
51:11)
1.3.3.5. Garden of Eden (11:6-9
51:3)
1.3.3.6. Water Motif (30:23-25
35:5-7
43:19-21
58:11)
1.3.3.7. Healing Motif (30:25-26
33:24)
1.3.3.8. Brightness Motif (30:26a
60:1-2, 19-20)
1.3.4. Conclusion
1.4. The Book of Jeremiah
1.4.1. Returning from Exile
1.4.2. Rebuilding of the New Jerusalem
1.4.3. Blessings in the New Jerusalem
1.5. The Book of Zechariah
1.5.1. Rebuilding of the New Jerusalem/Temple
1.5.2. Blessings in the New Jerusalem/Temple
1.6. Conclusion: Summary
2. The Jerusalem/Temple Idea in the Early Jewish Literature
2.1. Introduction
2.2.1 (Ethiopic Apocalypse of) Enoch
2.2.1. Textual Considerations
2.2.1.1. The Book of the Watchers (chs. 1-36)
2.2.1.1.1. New Creation and (Eschatological) Temple (10:16b-22)
2.2.1.1.2. Heavenly Temple (14:8-25)
2.2.1.1.3. The Mountain Throne in the Garden of Eden as the Antitype of the Heavenly Temple and the Source of the Eschatological Temple (18:6-10
chs. 24-27)
2.2.1.2. The Book of the Parables (chs. 37-71)
2.2.1.2.1. The First Parable: Heavenly/New Temple/Jerusalem (chs. 38-41)
2.2.1.2.2. The Second Parable: New Creation and Messianic Figure (Son of Men, the Elect One) (chs. 45-57)
2.2.1.2.3. The Third Parable: Heavenly Temple and Transfiguration of Enoch (ch. 71)
2.2.1.3. The Book of Dream (chs. 83-90)
2.2.2. Conclusion
2.2.2.1. The Book of the Watchers (chs. 1-36)
2.2.2.2. The Book of the Parables (chs. 37-71)
2.2.2.3. The Book of Dreams (chs. 83-90)
2.3. 2 (Slavonic Apocalypse of) Enoch
2.3.1. Textual Considerations
2.3.1.1. Enoch's Heavenly Journey
2.3.1.1.1. Third Heaven: Heavenly Paradise (chs. 8-9)
2.3.1.1.2. The Seventh/the Tenth Heaven: God's throne in Heavenly Temple (chs. 20-22)
2.3.1.2. Enoch's Own Instructions to His Sons and Elders during His Journey on Earth (chs. 42, 55 and 65)
2.3.2. Conclusion
2.4. Tobit
2.5. Sectarian Works at Qumran
2.5.1. Preliminary Remarks: Methodological Consideration
Excursus
2.5.2. Textual Considerations
2.5.2.1. Community Temple
2.5.2.2. The Heavenly Temple
2.5.2.2.1. Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (or Sabbath Shirot: 4Q400-4Q405)
2.5.2.2.2. Hodayot
2.5.2.2.2.1. 4Q427 (4QHodayota [4QHa]) 7, 1:1-23 and 2:1-23
2.5.2.2.2.2. 1QH 14:1-36
2.5.2.3. Rebuilding of the Eschatological Temple
2.5.2.3.1. 4QFlorilegium
2.5.2.3.2. Description of the New Jerusalem (DNJ)
2.5.3. Conclusion
2.6. The Fourth Book of Ezra
2.6.1. Preliminary remark
2.6.2. Textual Considerations (7:26
8:52, 53-54
10:27, 42-44, 53-55
13:6)
2.6.3. Conclusion
2.7. 1 Baruch
2.8. 2 (Syriac Apocalypse of) Baruch
2.8.1. Preliminary Remarks
2.8.2. Textual Considerations
2.8.2.1. 4:1-7
2.8.2.2. 6:1-9
2.8.2.3. Chs. 29-32
2.8.2.4. Chs. 56-74
2.8.2.4.1. The First Part (chs. 56-68)
2.8.2.4.2. The Second Part (chs. 69-74)
2.8.3. Conclusion
2.9. 3 Baruch
2.9.1. Fourth heaven (ch. 10)
2.9.2. Fifth Heaven (chs. 11-16)
2.9.3. Conclusion
2.10. The Apocalypse of Abrahamm
2.10.1. Preliminary Remarks: the Problem of Structure and Unity
2.10.2. Textual Considerations
2.10.2.1. New Sacrifice and New Temple (9:8-10)
2.10.2.2. The Abrahamic Covenant and the New Temple (12:3-9)
2.10.2.3. Heavenly Temple and New Temple (12:10
15:1-2
18:13-14)
2.10.2.4. Paradise, as the Home of the Righteous in the New Age and the New Creation (21:1-4, 6
22:4-5)
2.10.2.5. Recapitulation (29:17-19)
2.10.3. Conclusion
2.11. Pseudo-Philo (Latin title, Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum: hereafter LAB)
2.11.1. Preliminary Remarks: Problem of Relevance
2.11.2. Textual Considerations
2.11.2.1. Moses (13:7-10
19:10, 13)
2.11.2.2. Kenaz and Twelve stones (chs. 26-27)
2.11.3. Conclusion
2.11.3.1. Moses
2.11.3.2. Kenaz
2.12. The Sibylline Oracles, Book 5
2.12.1. Preliminary Remarks: Structure
2.12.2. Textual Considerations
2.12.2.1. 5:247-285: The New Jerusalem I
2.12.2.2. 5:420-433: The New Jerusalem II
2.12.3. Conclusion
2.13. Yavnean Movement: Rabbinic Response to the Temple Destruction
2.13.1. General Features of the Yavnean Movement
2.13.2. Textual Considerations
2.13.2.1. Yohanan ben Zakkai
2.13.2.2. Eliezer ben Hyrcanus
2.13.3. Conclusion
2.14. Bar Kokhba Revolt
2.15. Conclusion: Summary of the Idea of the Temple/Jerusalem in the Early Jewish Literature in Comparisons with the OT
3. The Jerusalem/Temple Idea in the New Testament
4. The New Jerusalem in Revelation
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Structural Analysis: Structure and Composition
4.3. Contextual Analysis I
4.3.1. Messages to seven Churches (chs. 2-3)
4.3.2. Heavenly Temple Vision (chs. 4-5)
4.3.3. Lamentation of Martyrs in the Heavenly Temple (6:9-11) and Saints' Prayers on Earth (8:3-5)
4.3.4. 144,000 and numberless Throng (7:1-17
14:1-5)
Measuring God's Temple (11:1-2)
Two Witnesses (11:3-13) and the Woman who begets a child (ch. 12)
God's dwelling (13:6)
Victors in Heaven (15:2-4)
4.3.5. Summary
4.4. Contextual Analysis II: Babylon the Harlot (17:1-19:10) and The Transition from Babylon the Great to the New Jerusalem (19:11-21:8)
4.5. Exegetical Analysis: The New Jerusalem (21:1-22:5)
4.5.1. Prologue (21:1-8): New Creation, New Jerusalem and New Covenant
4.5.1.1. New Creation (21:1, 4-5a)
4.5.1.2. New Jerusalem (21:2)
4.5.1.3. New Covenant and Reversal of Covenantal Curses (21:3-4, 7)
4.5.1.4. The Victors and the Cowardly (21:6b-8)
4.5.2. The New Jerusalem (21:9-22:5): Main Topics concerning the New Jerusalem
4.5.2.1. Introduction (21: 9-10)
4.5.2.2. Architectural Structure: Wall, 12 Gates and 12 Foundations (21:12-21)
4.5.2.3. No Temple Building but True Temple (21: 22-23)
4.5.2.4. Precious Stones: Jewelry Motif (21:11, 18-21)
4.5.2.5. Pilgrimage of the Nations and the Kings to the New Jerusalem (21:24-27)
4.5.2.6. New Paradise (22:1-5)
4.5.2.7. Brightness in the New Jerusalem (21:23, 22:5a)
4.5.3. Summary
4.6. Thematic Analysis: The Relation of the Heavenly Temple and the New Jerusalem in Revelation
4.7. Conclusion
Conclusion
Bibliography
Indexes

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