The Regulation of Cosmetic Procedures

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface and Acknowledgements

Chapter 1 Cosmetic Procedures: Histories, Risks and Responses






Introduction



Historical Background to Cosmetic Procedures and their Regulation






Cosmetic Procedures: Scandals, Risks and Responses.






Conclusions and Framework of the book

Chapter 2: Cosmetic Procedures: Ethical Principles and Dilemmas






Introduction



Personal choice, autonomy and feminist ethics
The culture of cosmetic procedures

A matter of agency




Cosmetic Procedures and a matter of Beneficence
Cosmetic Procedures- a question of "do no harm"

Harms and discrimination

Harms: children and adults lacking mental capacity




Cosmetic Procedures: a question of Justice?



Conclusions

Chapter 3: Theories and Models for Future Regulation






Introduction






Self-Regulation and Compliance mechanisms






The rise of agencies






Regulation responsive to risk






Lessons from Current Regulatory Models from the UK Health sector.

Regulatory oversight of healthcare providers: The Care Quality Commission

Regulatory oversight of health professional bodies: The Professional Standards Authority.

Regulatory bodies for a specific area of healthcare activity: Case study of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority and the Human Tissue Authority

Conclusions

Chapter 4: Cosmetic Procedures and the Law: Autonomy and Legality






Introduction





Consent to Involvement in Cosmetic Procedures and the Criminal Law
Consent and the medical exception

Prosecuting "Cosmetic" procedures outside "the medical exception"- the case of R v BM

The Criminal Law and Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery

The reality of consent to surgery and the criminal law: the case of Ian Paterson














Informed Consent: Cosmetic Procedures and the Law of Tort





Capacity, Adults and children and consent to cosmetic procedures



Conclusions

Chapter 5: Cosmetic Procedures, Law Safety, Products and People






Introduction



Liability of Practitioners for Harm caused to the Consumer

Liability in Contract

Liability in Negligence

Accountability and the "fly in- fly out" practitioner

The effectiveness of litigation as a remedy and the use of arbitration

Liability in Criminal Law for gross negligence manslaughter






Safety of products used in cosmetic procedures

Regulating Product Safety

Liability for Defective Products






Safety of premises






Professional Regulation of Providers of Cosmetic Procedures

Role of the General Medical Council in providing guidance on Cosmetic Procedures.

Role of the Royal College of Surgeons of England

Movement to more comprehensive oversight and regulation

European Standards for Aesthetic Surgery Services

The Joint Council for Regulation of Cosmetic Procedures Establishment and Scope

Scotland and the Regulation of Cosmetic Procedures and Practitioners.

Advertising, Marketing and Social Media






Conclusions

Chapter 6: Comparative Dilemmas from the Global Cosmetic Procedure Market

I. Introduction

II. Cosmetic Procedures, Regulation and Safety in the US

Training of Cosmetic Practitioners in the US

US regulation of cosmetic surgery: the example of California

US regulation of non-invasive cosmetic procedures: the example of Florida






Cosmetic Procedures and Regulation in Brazil


The influence of culture on cosmetic treatments in Brazil

Regulation of cosmetic procedures in Brazil

Cosmetic surgeons and training in Brazil

IV. Cosmetic Procedures and Regulation in France



Cosmetic surgery regulation in France - the Kouchner law of 2002

The "devis" and informed consent

Minors and cosmetic procedures

Advertising and publicity for cosmetic surgery

Licences for cosmetic surgery

Qualifications and training

Bringing proceedings against practitioners

Regulation of non-invasive cosmetic procedures

Regulatory bodies and cosmetic procedures








Conclusions

Chapter 7: Conclusions: Regulating the Cosmetic Procedure Industry, a Question of Law, Ethics and Safety.

I. Introduction

II. Regulating Cosmetic Procedures a New Legal Framework

Future Regulatory options

Regulation of practitioners undertaking cosmetic procedures by a new regulatory body

Consent

Regulation of procedures undertaken on minors and adults lacking mental capacity.

Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery

Advertising, Print, Broadcast and Social Media






Conclusions, Cosmetic Procedures Regulation and the Global Market

Bibliography