Chemometrics: Advances in Applications and Research

Chemometrics is a discipline of chemistry that finds correlation between specific data using mathematical and statistical methods. During any thorough research, the scientists are handling vast amounts of data related to the samples which are being researched. In this type of research, finding the correlation (similarities or differences) between analyzed samples and data is of great importance. In the first chapter, commonly used chemometrics for spectral modeling transfer is examined. The second chapter provides an analytical tool to detect fraud when olive oil is illegally blended with VOs or a 'legal' blend is falsely labelled with respect to the botanical nature of the oils mixed and/or the percentage of each oil in the declared mixture. H-NMR spectral data of olive and virgin olive oils and their mixtures with the VOs most commonly used to make blends was analysed by pattern recognition techniques to develop multivariate classification and regression models, which were organised in a decision tree to afford a stepwise strategy for the aimed purposes. The next chapter focuses on a metabolomics approach based on H-NMR fingerprinting and multivariate data analysis for virgin olive oil stability assessments. In the fourth chapter, the authors review unsupervised methods using both principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Using these methods, they were able to spot the correlation between the samples and underlying data structures without the potential bias of scientists about the previous knowledge of data samples.