Behavior Problems of the Dog and Cat

Name: Behavior Problems of the Dog and Cat
Brand: Saunders
Availability: OnlineOnly

Dacvb Landsberg DVM Dvm Hunthausen BA Dacvd Ackerman DVM(Autor*in)

Saunders (Verlag)

3. Auflage

Erschienen am 11. Oktober 2011

572 Seiten

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Front cover
Half title page
Dedication
Behavior Problems of the Dog and Cat
Copyright page
Table of Contents
Preface
About the authors
Contributors
1 Behavior counseling and the veterinary practitioner
Chapter contents
Behavioral training for the hospital team
Providing behavioral services in practice
Pet selection counseling
Preventive counseling - setting the pet up to succeed
Behavior products
Surgery
Screening
Behavior problem counseling
Staff utilization and training - the team approach
Reception and office staff
Technicians
Veterinarians
Trainers
The economics of providing behavioral services
Reality check
Pet relinquishment, the bond, and the need for counseling services
References
Recommended reading
2 Developmental, social, and communicative behavior
Chapter contents
Introduction
Canine development
Prenatal development and in utero influences
Neonatal stage
Transitional period
Socialization period
Juvenile period/adulthood
Canine social behavior and communication
The wolf as a model to understand the behavior of the dog
Canine social groups
Canine senses
Vision
Hearing
Olfaction
Taste
Touch
Canine communication
Auditory communication
Howling
Whining/whimpering
Growling
Barking
Visual communication
Ears
Tail
Head
Lips
Body posture
Gaze
Olfactory communication
Touch
Metacommunication
Interpreting canine communication signals
Signals of alertness or attention
Signals of offensive aggression
Signals of fear/appeasement
The behavior sequence
Human-dog communication
Feline development
Prenatal development and in utero influences
Neonatal and transitional period
The effects of early handling on kittens
Socialization period
Play and predatory behavior
Juvenile period/adulthood
Social behavior and communication in cats
Social organization and density
Feline senses
Vision
Hearing
Olfaction
Taste
Touch
Feline communication
Visual communication
Specific signals
Ears
Eyes
Tail
Visual displays
The friendly approach
The offensive posture
The defensive posture
The appeasing posture
Auditory communication
Meowing
Purring
Growling
Hissing
Tactile communication
Allorubbing
Allogrooming
Human-cat communication
Signals of aggression or fear
Vocalization
References
Recommended reading
3 Pet selection and the genetics of behavior
Chapter contents
Pet selection
Breed considerations
Pet age
Pet gender
Source
Temperament testing
Behavioral genetics
Grounds to suspect a genetic basis for behavioral problems
Genes causing behavioral problems
Conclusion
References
Recommended reading
4 Prevention:
Chapter contents
Working with new puppies and kittens - the team approach
Socialization and habituation
Puppy classes and kitty kindergarten
Environmental enrichment
Dogs
Cats
Physical activity - exercise
Social play
Dog social play
Cat social play
Social relationships - dogs
Social relationships - cats
Handling and restraint
Prevention of problems - dog-proofing, cat-proofing, and confinement
Setting the pet up for success
The role of rewards and punishment
Reward selection and timing
Control resources, manage the pet
Clicker training and secondary reinforcers
Punishment
Basic training
Cue-response-reward training
Food lure training
Recall
Sit
Down
Stay
Walk nicely on lead
Selecting an appropriate training collar: to choke or not to choke
Neck control versus body control
Choke, pinch, and prong devices
Remote-activated collars
Body harnesses and head halters
References
Recommended reading (also see Appendix B)
5 Behavior counseling and behavioral diagnostics
Chapter contents
Causes of behavior problems
Undesirable behavior or abnormal behavior
Preparation before the session
Scheduling the behavior consultation
The behavioral and medical history
Behavioral history
The family and environment
The pet
The problem
Medical history
The behavioral consultation
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment of behavior problems
Follow-up
Behavioral medicine: the Pageat approach
References
Recommended reading
6 Is it behavioral, or is it medical?
Chapter contents
Is it behavioral or medical?
How medical problems affect behavior
Medical problems causing behavioral signs
Medical contributing factors - the threshold effect
Primary behavior problems
Medical causes of behavioral signs
Neurology and behavior
Endocrine effects on behavior
Gastrointestinal and ingestive disorders and behavior
Medical causes of housesoiling
Medical causes of self-trauma
Drugs and behavioral effects
Pain and its effects on behavior
Pain management and assessment
Behavioral pain assessment: diagnosis and monitoring
In-clinic pain assessment for surgical and medical patients and acute pain
Monitoring scales
Owner monitoring after discharge from surgery, illness, or injury
Assessing chronic pain
Dogs
Cats
Managing pain
Pain pathways and pain management
Neuropathic pain
How stress and behavior affect physical and mental health
Stress and its effects on health and behavior
Causes of stress
The stress response
Stress and physical health
Urinary tract and stress
Gastrointestinal and ingestive disorders and stress
Dermatologic signs and stress
Stress and aging
Direct effects of behavior on health
Stress and behavioral health
Stress management
References
Resources and recommended reading
7 Treatment - behavior modification techniques
Chapter contents
Introduction
Education of the family
Modification of the environment
Modification of the pet's behavior
Change the behavior with surgery
Modify the pet with behavioral modification techniques
The use of behavior products to modify behavior
Shock and discomfort
Modify the pet's behavior with psychoactive drugs, pheromones, and alternative remedies
Remove the pet from the household
Behavioral modification techniques and terms
Aversion therapy
Avoidance and escape
Classical conditioning
Conditioned punisher
Conditioned reinforcer (bridging stimulus)
Controlled exposure
Countercommanding
Counterconditioning (classical counterconditioning)
Differential reinforcement
Discriminative stimulus (command cue)
Disruption and diversion
Drug desensitization
External inhibition
Extinction
Extinction burst
Flooding (response prevention)
Habituation
Latent learning
Learning
Motivation
Observational learning
One-event (trial) learning
Operant conditioning (instrumental conditioning)
Overlearning
Prevention - setting the pet up to succeed
Punishment
Punisher assessment
Punishment techniques
Direct interactive punishment
Remote interactive punishment
Time out
Environmental punishment
Reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Timing and schedules of reinforcement
Reinforcer assessment
Response substitution
Sensitization
Shaping (successive approximation)
Systematic desensitization
Taste aversion
Application of behavioral modification techniques
Training "settle" and predictable rewards
Desensitization and counterconditioning
Controlled exposure
References
Recommended reading
8 Pharmacologic intervention in behavioral therapy
Chapter contents
Introduction
Evidence-based medicine and veterinary behavioral pharmacology
Understanding drug action and drug selection
Target conditions for drug therapy
Overall framework of drug therapy
Adjunct to behavior therapy
Drug desensitization
Medication is necessary as the primary mode of treatment
Underlying pathology present
Classification and selection of psychotropic drugs
Neurotransmitters
The cholinergic system
Acetylcholine
Chemistry and pharmacology
Monoamines
Dopamine
Chemistry and pharmacology
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
Chemistry and pharmacology
Histamine
Amino acids
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Neuropeptides
Endorphins and neurokinins (substance P and NK1)
Other neurotransmitters
Hormones
Vasopressin
Main classes of psychotropic drugs
Neuroleptics/antipsychotics
Benzodiazepines
Hypnotics and sleep disorders
Anticonvulsants
Adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists
Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists
Alpha-adrenergics
Azapirones
Antihistamines
Hormonal therapy
Dopamine agonists
Opiate antagonists and agonists
Lithium salts
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
CNS stimulants
Antidepressants
Tricyclic antidepressants
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
SSRIs and P450 enzyme inhibition
Atypical antidepressants
Serotonin syndrome
N-methyl-d-aspartic acid antagonists
Combination/augmentation therapy
References
Recommended reading
9 Complementary and alternative therapy for behavior problems
Chapter contents
What is complementary and alternative veterinary medicine (CAVM)?
Is alternative medicine safer and more effective?
Naturopathic therapy
Herbal therapy (phytotherapy) and nutraceuticals
Dosing
Veterinary nutraceuticals and therapeutic supplements
Cognitive enhancement and SAMe
l-theanine
Alpha-casozepine
Melatonin
Tryptophan
Herbal therapeutics
Harmonease
Kava kava
Passiflora extract
St. John's wort
Valerian
Skullcap
Hops
Panax ginseng
Catnip
Combination therapeutics
Pheromone therapy
Aromatherapy
Homeopathy
Bach flower remedies
Acupuncture
Therapeutic touch
Magnetic field therapy
Veterinary chiropractic
Music Therapy
References
Recommended reading
10 Feeding and diet-related problems
Chapter contents
The physiological influence of diet on behavior
Dietary ingredients and behavior
Protein, carbohydrate, and tryptophan
Fatty acids
Diagnosis of diet-related behavior problems
Management of diet-related behavior problems
Prevention of diet-related behavior problems
Ingestive behavior problems
Obesity
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management
Prevention
Pica
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management
Coprophagia
Diagnosis
Management
Treatment
Hyporexia: the "fussy" or "picky" eater
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Appetite stimulants
References
Recommended reading
11 Stereotypic and compulsive disorders
Chapter contents
Introduction
Behavioral pathogenesis of compulsive disorders
Inciting factors and early intervention
Pathophysiology of compulsive disorders
Diagnosing compulsive disorders
Medical
Behavioral
Management and treatment of compulsive disorders
Behavioral approach
Predictability and control: environment, routine, and consequences
Training - predictable consequences
Minimizing access to conflict- and frustration-inducing stimuli
Response substitution
Drug therapy
Prognosis
Prevention
Specific presentations
Compulsive disorders with neurological and locomotor signs
Therapeutic trials
Compulsive disorders with ingestive signs
Licking, chewing, sucking, pica, and polyphagia
Management and treatment
Psychogenic polydipsia
Management and treatment of behavioral polydipsia
Compulsive disorders with grooming and self-traumatic signs
Dogs
Acral lick dermatitis, claw (nail) biting, head and face scratching, tail mutilation
Management and treatment
Cats
Self-trauma and psychogenic alopecia
Management and treatment
Hyperesthesia in dogs and cats
Feline hyperesthesia syndrome
Management and treatment
Canine hyperesthesia
References
Recommended reading
12 Fears, phobias, and anxiety disorders
Chapter contents
Introduction
The fear response
Basic behavioral modification and the fearful pet
Desensitization, counterconditioning, and controlled exposure
Fear of people
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Pets and children
Dogs and children
Preparing puppies for children
Preparing the adult dog for the new baby
When the baby comes home
As children grow up
Cats and children
Advanced preparation of the home
When the baby arrives
As children grow up
Fear of animals
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Noise phobias
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Fear of places
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Separation anxiety disorder
Introduction
Medical workup
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Management and treatment
Environmental considerations to address immediate concerns
Preventive measures - confinement
Food, toys, and chews as rewards and distractors
Destructive behavior
Housesoiling
Vocalization
Adding another pet
Behavior modification
Rewards for relaxation and independence - structured interactions
Predictable routine and enrichment
Departures and predeparture cues
Greetings
Mock departures
Medication
Immediate predeparture use and adjunctive therapy
Pheromones
Prevention of separation anxiety
References
13 The effects of aging on behavior in senior pets
Chapter contents
Distribution of behavior problems in senior pets
Cases reported to practitioners
Prevalence of behavioral signs in senior pets
Causes of senior pet behavior problems
Medical causes
Threshold
Primary behavior problems
The role of stress in health and behavior
Cognitive dysfunction and brain aging
Cognitive dysfunction syndrome
Clinical signs and diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction syndrome
Aging and its effect on the brain
Diagnosis of behavior problems in senior pets
Anxiety, fears, and phobias
Excessive vocalization
Housesoiling
Compulsive and stereotypic behaviors
Aggression
Restlessness/waking at nights
Treatment of common behavior problems in senior pets
Aggression
Restlessness/waking at night
Treatment of cognitive dysfunction
Drug therapy
Nutritional and dietary therapy
Adjunctive pharmacologic and natural therapeutics
Age-related cognitive and affective disorders (ARCAD)
Behavior disorders in aging dogs: Pageat (French) diagnoses and treatment
Hyperaggressiveness in old dogs
Description
Etiology and pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Confusional syndrome of old dogs
Description
Etiology and pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Thymic disorders of old dogs
Involutive depression
Description
Etiology and pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Compulsory conditions:
Complementary signs (at least two)
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Dysthymia
Description
Etiology and pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis and treatment
References
Recommended reading
Client educational material
14 Unruly behaviors, training and management - dogs
Chapter contents
Jumping up on people
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Stealing, getting into trash containers, and jumping on furniture
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Stealing
Getting into trash
Getting on furniture
Prevention
Pulling/forging ahead and lunging on lead
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Excessive barking
Diagnosis and prognosis
Barking categories
Management and treatment
Training the "quiet" command
Prevention
Canine hyperactivity and unruliness
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Nocturnal activity
Undesirable sexual behavior
Diagnosis
Management and treatment
References
15 Unruly behaviors, training, and management - cats
Chapter contents
Feline nocturnal activity
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management
Prevention
Feline excessive vocalization
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management
Prevention
Chewing, stealing, jumping on counters and climbing
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management of chewing and stealing
Management of jumping on counters and climbing
Prevention
Undesirable sexual behavior
Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Recommended reading
16 Canine destructive behaviors
Chapter contents
General guidelines for enrichment for destructive behaviors
Destructive chewing
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Teach the pet to avoid chewing on found objects
Prevention
Digging
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
References
Recommended reading
17 Feline destructive behaviors
Chapter contents
Destructive activity and exploratory behaviors
Destructive scratching
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management
Prevention
Destructive chewing and ingestive behaviors by cats
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management
Prevention
References
18 Canine housesoiling
Chapter contents
Canine inappropriate elimination
Overview
The importance of preventive counseling
Housetraining
Teach the desired behavior
Confinement/supervision to prevent inappropriate elimination
Provide a consistent feeding schedule
Transition
Mistakes happen
Punishment
Signaling
Crate soiling
Management
Housesoiling problems
Diagnosis
Medical causes of housesoiling
Behavioral history
Prognosis
General principles for treating housesoiling problems
Submissive, conflict, and excitement urination
Diagnosis and prognosis
Submissive and conflict urination
Excitement urination
Treatment
Prevention
Marking
Diagnosis and prognosis
Treatment
Separation distress
The geriatric dog
Summary
References
Recommended reading
19 Feline housesoiling
Chapter contents
Litterbox training
Diagnosis
Medical considerations
History
Urine marking
Treatment
Environmental management
Stress management
Surgery
Drugs and natural supplements
Owner compliance - route of administration
Pheromones
Feline inappropriate toileting
Overview
Treatment
Identifying and treating the cause
Prevent resoiling
Re-establish litterbox use
Prognosis
Summary
Steps in correcting feline housesoiling
References
20 Canine aggression
Chapter contents
Introduction
Classification
Approach to diagnosis and treatment
The role of neutering
The role of arousal
The role of dominance and pack theory
Behavior pathology
The role of learning
Risk assessment for aggressive dogs
Conflict-related aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Resource guarding
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Fear-related aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Territorial and protective aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Predatory aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Pain-induced and irritable aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Play aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Dominance-related aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Maternal aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Redirected aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Intraspecific miscommunication
Prevention, management, and treatment
Interdog aggression between household dogs
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Other forms of aggression
Pathophysiological aggression
References
Recommended reading
21 Feline aggression
Chapter contents
Risk analysis: prognostic factors and safety
Learning and aggression
Play aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Fear-related aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Petting-induced aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Redirected aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Pain-induced and irritable aggression
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Territorial aggression
Aggression between cats in a household
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Prevention
Pathophysiological aggression
Social status-related aggression (social stress)
Diagnosis and prognosis
Management and treatment
Hormonally mediated aggression
References
Recommended reading
22 Terminology, behavioral pathology, and the Pageat (French) approach to canine behavior disorders
Chapter contents
Introduction
The Pageat (French) approach to behavior counseling
Scales
Scale for evaluation of aggressiveness
Scale for evaluation of emotional and cognitive disorders (EDED scale)
The ARCAD scale
Specific therapies
Cognitive therapies
Behavior disorders
Disorders appearing during puppyhood or adolescence
Sensory homeostatic disorders
Hypersensitivity-hyperactivity syndrome
Description
Diagnosis
Stage 1
Stage 2 (stage 1 symptoms plus the following)
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Sensory deprivation syndrome
Description
Diagnosis
Stage 1 (ontogenic phobias) diagnostic criteria
Stage 2 (deprivation anxiety) diagnostic criteria
Stage 3 (deprivation depression) diagnostic criteria
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Stage 2
Stage 3
Disorders in the development of social behavior
Separation anxiety
Description
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Primary dyssocialization
Description
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Heterospecific imprints
Description
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Thymic disorders (mood disorders) of puppyhood and adolescence
Reactive depression in pups
Description
Etiology and pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Disorders in the relationship with the external environment
Dissociative syndrome
Description
Etiology and pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Development
Diagnosis
Class 1
Class 2
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Pharmacological therapy
Conclusion
Disorders of social interactions
Social phobias
Description
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Disorders of hierarchical organization
Sociopathies in canine groups (between dogs)
Description
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Sociopathies in human-dog groups
Description
Etiology and pathogenesis
Development
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Anxiety disorders in adults
Phobias in adults
Description
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Thymic disorders in adults
Depressive disorders of adults
Reactive depression
Description
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Chronic depression
Description
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Hyperattachment syndrome in adults
Description
Diagnosis
Compulsory symptoms
Specific symptoms
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Dysthymia in English Cocker spaniels
Description
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
References
Recommended reading
23 Reducing stress and managing fear aggression in veterinary clinics
Chapter contents
Introduction: the problem with the status quo
The solution: set up the hospital and handling to help the patient feel comfortable and safe
Step 1: before the patient comes in: what the owner can do at home
Counterconditioning and desensitization to crates and car rides
Car rides
Step 2: preparing the hospital
The entry area and waiting room
Scale
The exam room
Treatment areas and kennels
Step 3: greeting the pet appropriately
Why do friendly people look scary?
Applying greeting principles to getting pets out of cages
Step 4: handling the pet in a calm, skilled manner
Steps 5: desensitization and counterconditioning the fearful pet
Step 6: scheduling DS/CC technician sessions as an added-value service
Managing fearful and aggressive pets
Pharmacologic management of fearful and aggressive pets
Conclusion
References
Recommended reading
Appendices
Appendix A
Appendix B Behavior resources Available for printing from website
Canine and feline behavioral references for veterinarians and behavior consultants
References on dog and cat behavior
Communication - facial and body language resources
Useful behavioral references for pet owners and staff
Other resources and websites (may include commercial content)
Pet loss
For breed and pet selection references and resources, see Appendix C, form C.1, and client form #13, printable version available online
Useful websites with behavioral information
Veterinary behavior drugs and supplements
Product manufacturer information
Monitoring devices
Remote devices
Booby traps (environmental punishment devices)
Electronic pet-activated doors
Self-cleaning litterbox
Automatic feeding/watering devices
Bark-activated devices
Head halters
No-pull body harness
Sound desensitization
Products for reducing anxiety/muting sounds stimuli
Odor eliminators
Dog and cat muzzles
Miscellaneous products
Appendix B Behavior resources Available for printing from website
Canine and feline behavioral references for veterinarians and behavior consultants
References on dog and cat behavior
Communication - facial and body language resources
Useful behavioral references for pet owners and staff
Other resources and websites (may include commercial content)
Pet loss
For breed and pet selection references and resources, see Appendix C, form C.1, and client form #13, printable version available online
Useful websites with behavioral information
Veterinary behavior drugs and supplements
Product manufacturer information
Monitoring devices
Remote devices
Booby traps (environmental punishment devices)
Electronic pet-activated doors
Self-cleaning litterbox
Automatic feeding/watering devices
Bark-activated devices
Head halters
No-pull body harness
Sound desensitization
Products for reducing anxiety/muting sounds stimuli
Odor eliminators
Dog and cat muzzles
Miscellaneous products
Appendix C
Appendix C
Appendix D Drug dosages
References
Appendix D Drug dosages
References
Printable material on the website
Handouts
Forms
Online_H01
Online_H02
Online_H03
Online_H04
Online_H05
Online_H06
Online_H07
Online_H08
Online_H09
Online_H10
Online_H11
Online_H12
Online_H13
Online_H14
Online_H15
Online_H16
Online_H17
Online_H18
Online_H19
Online_H20
Online_H21
Online_H22
Online_H23
Online_H24
Online_H25
Online_H26
Online_H27
Online_H28
Online_H29
Online_H30
Online_H31
Online_H32
Online_H33
Online_F01
Online_F02
Online_F03
Online_F04
Online_F05
Online_F06
Online_F07
Online_F08
Online_F09
Online_F10
Online_F11
Online_F12
Online_F13
Online_F14
Online_F15
Online_F16
Online_F17
Online_F18
Online_F19
Online_F20
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X

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