Zeolites in Industrial Separation and Catalysis

INTRODUCTION
Introduction
History of Molecular Sieve Materials
Synthesis
Applications
Markets
The Future
History of International Conferences and Organizations
Historical Epilogue
ZEOLITE TYPES AND STRUCTURES
Introduction
Building Units for Zeolite Frameworks
Zeolite Framework Types
Pores, Channels, Cages and Cavities
Material Versus Framework Types
Structures of Commercially Significant Zeolites
Hypothetical Zeolite Frameworks
SYNTHESIS OF ZEOLITES AND MANUFACTURE OF ZEOLITIC CATALYST AND ADSORBENTS
Introduction
Synthesis of Zeolites and Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves
Forming Zeolite Powders into Usable Shapes
Finishing: Post-Forming Manufacturing of Zeolite Catalysts and Adsorbents
Selected New Developments in Catalyst and Adsorbent Manufacture
ZEOLITE CHARACTERIZATION
Introduction
Multi-Technique Methodology
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Characterization of Zeolitic Systems
Electron Microscopy Characterization of Zeolitic Systems
Infrared Spectroscopy of Zeolitic Systems
NMR Characterization of Zeolitic Systems
Physica./Chemical Characterization
Conclusions
OVERVIEW IN ZEOLITES ADSORPTIVE SEPARATION
Introduction
Industrial Adsorptive Separation
R&D Adsorptive Separation
Summary Review of Zeolites in Adsorptive Separation
ASPECTS OF MECHANISMS, PROCESSES, AND REQUIREMENTS FOR ZEOLITE SEPARATION
Introduction
Impacts of Adsorptive Separation Versus Other Separation Processes
Liquid Phase Adsorption
Modes of Operation
Zeolite Separation Processes
Summary
LIQUID INDUSTRIAL AROMATICS ADSORBENT SEPARATION
Introduction
Major Industrial Processes
Other Significant Processes
Summary
LIQUID INDUSTRIAL NON-AROMATICS ADSORPTIVE SEPARATIONS
Introduction
Normal Paraffin Separations
Mono-Methyl Paraffin Separation (C10-16)
Olefin Separations
Carbohydrate Separations
Liquid Adsorption Acid Separations
Summary
INDUSTRIAL GAS PHASE ADSORPTIVE GASES SEPARATION
Introduction
Regeneration
Adsorption Equilibrium
Mass Transfer in Formed Zeolite Particles
Industrial TSA Separations (Purification)
Industrial PSA
Industrial Dehydration (Bulk Removal)
Non Regenerable Adsorption
Summary
ZEOLITE MEMBRANE SEPARATIONS
Introduction
Synthesis and Properties of Zeolite Membranes
Transport Theory and Separation Capability of Zeolite Membranes
Zeolite Membranes in Separation and Reactive Processes
Summary
MIXED-MATRIX MEMBRANE
Introduction
Compositions of Mixed-Matrix Membranes
Concept of Zeolite/Polymer Mixed-Matrix Membranes
Material Selection for Zeolite/Polymer Mixed-Matrix Membranes
Geometries of Zeolite/Polymer Mixed-Matrix Membranes
Applications of Zeolite/Polymer Mixed-Matrix Membranes
Summary
OVERVIEW AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CATALYTIC APPLICATIONS OF ZEOLITES
History of Catalytic Uses of Zeolites
Literature Review of Recent Developments in Catalytic Uses of Zeolites
Future Trends in Catalysis by Zeolites
UNIQUE ASPECTS OF MECHANISMS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR ZEOLITE CATALYSIS IN REFINING AND PETROCHEMICALS
Introduction
Adsorption
Diffusion
Acidity
Carbocations
Elementary Steps of Hydrocarbon Conversion over Zeolites
Shape Selectivity
Reaction Mechanisms
Key Remaining Questions
INDUSTRIAL ISOMERIZATION
Introduction
Metal-Zeolite Catalyzed Light Paraffin Isomerization
Olefin Isomerization
C8 Aromatics Isomerization
PROCESSES ON INDUSTRIAL C-C BOND FORMATION
Introduction
Olefin Oligomerization
Paraffin/Olefin Alkylation
Benzene Alkylation
Alkylbenzene Disproportionation and Trans-Alkylation
Paraffin/Olefin to Aromatics
Methanol to Olefins and Aromatics
Summary
BOND BREAKING AND REARRANGEMENT
Introduction
Critical Zeolite Properties
Chemistry of Bond Scission Processes
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking
Hydrocracking and Hydroisomerization
Conclusions