The Phonology of Norwegian

Name: The Phonology of Norwegian
Brand: Oxford University Press
Price: 90.29 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Gjert Kristoffersen(Autor*in)

Oxford University Press

1. Auflage

Erschienen im Dezember 2000

383 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
Contents
Abbreviations and Symbols
Map
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Geographical and typological remarks
1.2. A language with two written norms
1.3. A language without an officially recognized spoken norm
1.4. The system to be described in this book
1.5. Earlier accounts of Norwegian phonology
1.6. Transcription conventions
1.6.1. Prosody
1.6.2. Vowels
1.6.3. Consonants
1.7. Overview
2. SEGMENTS: INVENTORY AND FEATURE SPECIFICATIONS
2.1. Phoneme inventory and phonetic realization
2.1.1. Vowels and diphthongs
2.1.2. Consonants
2.2. Feature geometry
2.2.1. Introduction
2.2.2. The Root node
2.2.3. The Laryngeal node
2.2.4. The Oral Cavity node
2.2.5. The Place node
2.2.6. Underspecification
2.3. Phonological segment structure
2.3.1. Vowels
2.3.2. Consonants
3. PHONOTACTIC CONSTRAINTS
3.1. The structure of the lexicon
3.1.1. Word structure
3.1.2. Roots
3.1.3. Non-cohering affixes
3.1.4. Cohering affixes
3.2. Phonotactic structure
3.2.1. The relationship between sequential constraints and syllabic constraints
3.2.2. Prevocalic sequencing of consonants
3.2.3. Single postvocalic consonants in monovocalic roots
3.2.4. Postvocalic sequencing of two consonants in monovocalic roots
3.2.5. Clusters of three or more postvocalic consonants
3.2.6. Bivocalic roots
4. WORD PHONOLOGY
4.1. Lexical phonology
4.2. Co-occurrence constraints on laryngeal features
4.2.1. Theory
4.2.2. Surface distribution of aspiration and voice in simplex words
4.2.3. Alternations
4.2.4. Analysis
4.3. The phonology of coronals
4.3.1. Distribution
4.3.2. The Retroflex Rule: postlexical or cyclic?
4.3.3. The distribution of the retroflex flap
4.3.4. Assumptions about underlying representations
4.3.5. The underlying representation of the retroflex flap
4.3.6. The Retroflex Rule
4.3.7. The interaction between the Retroflex Rule and [post]-linking
4.3.8. /sl/-sequences
4.4. E-lowering
4.5. Simplification of three-consonant clusters
4.6. Some minor alternation patterns
4.6.1. Umlaut
4.6.2. Palatalization of dorsal stops
5. SYLLABLE STRUCTURE
5.1. Introduction
5.1.1. The Prosodic Hierarchy
5.1.2. Syllabic constituents
5.1.3. Moraic structure and the representation of quantity
5.1.4. The Sonority Hierarchy, Sonority Sequencing and the Core Syllabification Principle
5.2. Structural properties of UEN syllables
5.2.1. Boundaries
5.2.2. Nuclei
5.2.3. Onsets
5.2.4. Codas
5.2.5. Appendices
5.3. Core syllabification
5.3.1. The lexical input
5.3.2. Nuclei
5.3.3. Onsets
5.3.4. Codas
5.3.5. Summary
5.4. Language-specific syllabification rules
5.4.1. Patch-up rules
5.4.2. Glide formation
5.4.3. Deviant syllable types conditioned by morphology
6. STRESS ASSIGNMENT IN SIMPLEX WORDS
6.1. Introduction
6.1.1. Foot structure and foot assignment
6.1.2. How many stress levels?
6.1.3. Phonetic correlates of stress
6.2. Earlier accounts of Norwegian word stress
6.2.1. The traditional view
6.2.2. SPE-based analyses
6.3. Theoretical assumptions
6.3.1. Metrical Theory
6.3.2. Syllable weight
6.3.3. Foot structure
6.3.4. Foot parsing
6.3.5. Extraprosodicity
6.4. Main stress assignment
6.4.1. To what degree is stress assignment rule-governed in UEN?
6.4.2. Native simplex words
6.4.3. Names
6.4.4. Simplex loan words
6.4.5. Vowel length in closed, final syllables
6.4.6. How is poststress quantity assigned?
6.4.7. The Main Stress Rule
6.4.8. Mora Insertion and Mora Linking
6.4.9. A short comparison with Rice (1999)
6.5. Initial prominence
6.5.1. Weak secondary stress in simplex words
6.5.2. Initial primary stress
6.6. Conclusion
7. CYCLIC STRESS ASSIGNMENT
7.1. Level ordering in Lexical Phonology
7.2. Cyclic application of the main stress rule
7.2.1. Classification of affixes
7.2.2. Cyclic stress assignment
7.2.3. Stressed cyclic suffixes
7.2.4. Prestressing cyclic suffixes
7.2.5. Prestressing, non-cohering suffixes
7.2.6. Prefixes
7.3. Compound stress
7.3.1. Non-cohering affixes
7.3.2. The prosodic word
7.3.3. Primary stress in compounds
7.3.4. Non-native prosodic compounds
7.3.5. Formal compounds
7.3.6. Is compound stress assignment cyclic or non-cyclic?
7.3.7. Compound stress assignment is cyclic: the case of the derivational suffix -inne
7.3.8. Extraprosodic, non-cohering suffixes
7.3.9. Tier conflation
7.4. Summary
8. CYCLIC SYLLABIFICATION
8.1. Introduction
8.1.1. Continuous syllabification
8.1.2. Cyclic resyllabification
8.2. Mora Insertion and cyclic syllabification
8.2.1. At what point in the derivation does Mora Insertion apply?
8.2.2. Closed syllable shortening in VC-final stems
8.2.3. Vowel shortening in vowel-final stems
8.2.4. Shortening in stems ending in a coronal stop
8.2.5. Summary
8.3. Syllabification of sonorants
8.3.1. Which sonorants may be syllabic?
8.3.2. Late syllabification or resyllabification?
8.3.3. Syllabic and non-syllabic sonorant suffixes
8.3.4. The distribution of syllabic sonorants
8.3.5. Analysis
8.4. Sonority-driven resyllabification
8.4.1. Nucleus adjustment in sequences of vowel plus syllabic sonorant
8.4.2. Cyclic desyllabification of sonorants
9. TONAL ACCENTS
9.1. Introduction
9.1.1. A terminological note
9.1.2. Geographical overview
9.1.3. Historical background
9.1.4. Phonetic realization: the basic patterns
9.1.5. Earlier literature
9.1.6. The Accent Phrase
9.2. Phonological and phonetic representation
9.2.1. The tone bearing units of East Norwegian: moras or syllables?
9.2.2. Functional decomposition of the accentual melodies
9.2.3. Poststress tonal structure
9.2.4. The 'word tones'
9.3. Distribution in underlying forms
9.3.1. Accent distribution in monovocalic roots
9.3.2. Bivocalic roots with penultimate stress
9.3.3. Longer roots with penultimate or antepenultimate stress
9.3.4. H-linking
9.4. Accent assignment governed by morphology
9.4.1. Tonally specified and tonally neutral suffixes
9.4.2. Exceptions
9.5. Accent distribution in compounds
9.5.1. Data
9.5.2. Analysis
9.5.3. Particle compounds
9.5.4. Some minor patterns and exceptions
9.6. Other rules
9.6.1. Delinking rules
9.6.2. Tone in simplex words with vernacular initial primary stress
10. INTONATION AND RHYTHM
10.1. The relationship between tonal accent and intonation
10.2. The accent phrase
10.2.1. Accent Phrase formation
10.2.2. L-insertion
10.2.3. Are the accentual melodies pitch accents?
10.2.4. The right-edge H%
10.3. Higher order constituents: the Trondheim Model
10.3.1. Two degrees of phrasal prominence: focal and non-focal APs
10.3.2. Stress, accent and rhythm
10.3.3. The relationship between intonation, syntax and information structure
10.3.4. Declination: Prefocal and postfocal APs
10.3.5. AP-external syllables
10.4. Postlexical accent shift
10.4.1. H-delinking after for
10.4.2. Stress shift and H-insertion in particle groups
10.4.3. Accent shift as marker of emotional involvement
10.4.4. Summary
10.5. Other intonational patterns
10.5.1. The 'No big deal' intonation
10.5.2. The 'calling contour'
10.6. Rhythm
10.6.1. The representation of linguistic rhythm
10.6.2. Evidence for rhythmic structure
10.6.3. A Norwegian Rhythm Rule
10.6.4. The syllabic trochee as a prosodic template
11. POSTLEXICAL SEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY
11.1. The postlexical level
11.1.1. The lexical/postlexical divide and the prosodic hierarchy
11.1.2. Syntactic and lexical constraints: P1 versus P2 rules
11.1.3. Phonetic implementation rules
11.2. Prosodic constituency beyond the lexicon
11.2.1. A prosodic hierarchy derived from morpho-syntactic structure
11.2.2. A prosodic hierarchy based on prominence relations and pragmatics
11.2.3. Can the hierarchies be related?
11.3. Post-lexical coronal phonology
11.3.1. Resyllabification of r
11.3.2. /r/-deletion
11.3.3. The Retroflex Rule
11.3.4. [ap]-spreading from non-rhotic apicals
11.4. Nasal Place Assimilation
11.4.1. Assimilation between Place nodes
11.4.2. Assimilation within Place nodes
11.5. The realization of unstressed word-final empty vowels
11.5.1. Empty Vowel Truncation
11.5.2. Homorganic Trapping
11.6. Clitics
11.6.1. Clitic types
11.6.2. The place of clitics in the prosodic hierarchy
11.6.3. Pronominal clitics
11.6.4. The negative clitic /-ke/
11.6.5. Directionality of incorporation: Proclisis or enclisis?
11.7. Conclusion
12. ORTHOGRAPHIC CONVENTIONS
12.1. Underlying orthographic principles
12.2. The alphabet
12.3. Prosodic features
12.3.1. Quantity and stress
12.3.2. Tonal accents
12.4. Vowels
12.5. Consonants
12.5.1. Silent consonants
12.5.2. Consonant clusters corresponding to one speech sound
12.6. Diacritics
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W

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