Issues in Education

Name: Issues in Education
Brand: Nova Science Publishers Inc
Price: 240.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Chavez Kristi(Herausgeber*in)

Nova Science Publishers Inc

Erschienen am 7. März 2019

294 Seiten

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978-1-5361-5178-7 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education: An Overview(
Summary
Introduction
The Federal Effort in STEM Education
Governance and Character of the Federal Effort
Federal STEM Education Strategic Plan
Key Agencies and Historical Trends
Selected STEM Education Programs
Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards (HHS)
Graduate Research Fellowships (NSF)
Improving Undergraduate STEM Education (NSF)
The Condition of U.S. STEM Education
Overall Trends
Policy Areas of Concern
Participation of Traditionally Underrepresented Groups
Academic Achievement Gaps at the Elementary and Secondary Education Levels
Differences in Postsecondary Education Degree Attainment
Differences in Occupational Outcomes
Quality and Quantity of STEM Teachers
International Assessment Results
Foreign Student Enrollment and Degree Attainment
Global STEM Education Attainment
U.S. STEM Labor Supply Shortage Debate
Legislative History and Recent Efforts
Selected Historical Acts
Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Marine Hospital Service Act of 1798 (1 Stat. 605)
Morrill Acts of 1862 (12 Stat. 503) and 1890 (26 Stat. 417)
National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1950 (P.L. 81-507)
National Defense Education Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-864)
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (P.L. 89-10)
Higher Education Act of 1965 (P.L. 89-329)
Department of Education Organization Act of 1979 (P.L. 96-88)
Education for Economic Security Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-377)
America COMPETES Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-69) and America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-358)
Recent Legislative Efforts
Every Student Succeeds Act
Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act
The American Innovation and Competitiveness Act
Inspiring the Next Space Pioneers, Innovators, Researchers, and Explorers (INSPIRE) Women Act
Appendix A. Data Sources and Major Publications
National and International Assessments
Federal Programs and Inventories
Condition of STEM Education
STEM Education and the Workforce
Appendix B. Inventories
Chapter 2
Every Student Succeeds Act: Early Observations on State Changes to Accountability Systems (Updated)(
Stakeholders and Selected States View ESSA's Accountability Provisions as Flexible
Developing and Implementing State Monitoring Plans Is a Key Next Step for Education in Implementing ESSA
Chapter 3
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Education(
Introduction
Current Applications of AI in Classrooms
Benefits and Drawbacks of AI in Classrooms
Federal Activity
Selected Policy Considerations
Student Privacy
Teacher Preparation
Product Procurement and Support
Algorithmic Accountability
Chapter 4
District of Columbia Charter Schools: Multi-Agency Plan Needed to Continue Progress Addressing High and Disproportionate Discipline Rates(
Abbreviations
Why GAO Did This Study
What GAO Recommends
What GAO Found
Background
Characteristics of D.C. Charter Schools
Charter School Governance Structure
Rights of Students Suspended or Expelled from Charter Schools
Suspension and Expulsion Rates in D.C. Charter Schools Are Down, but Are About Twice the National Charter School Rates
Discipline Rates of Students in D.C. Charter Schools Have Dropped
Suspension Rates in D.C. Schools Are About Twice the National Rates
Discipline Rates Varied Widely among Student Groups and Schools in D.C.
Efforts to Reduce Discipline Rates Have Met with Some Success, but Charter Schools We Visited Continue to Face Challenges
PCSB and Other D.C. Agencies Oversee Charter Schools, but Have Not Created a Coordinated Plan to Help Schools Continue to Bring Down Discipline Rates
PCSB Collects and Publishes Discipline Data by School and Alerts Schools of Concerns
Several D.C. Agencies Oversee Charter Schools but We Observed a Lack of Consensus around Roles, Responsibilities, and a Key Agency's Authority
Conclusion
Recommendations for Executive Action
Agency Comments and Our Evaluation
Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology
Data Analysis
Analysis of Federal Civil Rights Data Collection
Regression Analysis
Analysis of D.C. Data
Review of Laws, Regulations, and Guidance and Interviews with D.C. Officials
Interviews with Advocacy Groups and Associations
Charter School Interviews
Appendix II: Regression Analysis
Appendix III: Public Charter School Board Responsibilities
Appendix IV: Public Charter School Application Process
Criteria for Review of Applications
Determination of Applicants' Ability to Operate a Charter School
Full Approval
Conditional Approval/Approval with Conditions
Denial
Appendix V: Summary of Public Charter School Board 2016 Annual Report Contents
Appendix VI: Public Charter School Board Revenues and Expenditures
Appendix VII: Public Charter School Board's Discipline and Demographic Data
Appendix VIII: Comments from the Public Charter School Board
Appendix IX: Comments from the Office of the State Superintendent of Education
Chapter 5
K-12 Education: Lead Testing of School Drinking Water Would Benefit from Improved Federal Guidance(
Abbreviations
Why GAO Did This Study
What GAO Recommends
What GAO Found
Background
Elementary and Secondary Education School Facilities
Health Effects of Lead
The Safe Drinking Water Act
Lead in School Drinking Water
EPA Guidance for Schools
Roles and Responsibilities of Federal Agencies
An Estimated 43 Percent of School Districts Reported Testing for Lead in Drinking Water and About a Third of These Districts Reported Finding Elevated Levels of Lead
An Estimated 43 Percent of School Districts Reported Testing for Lead in Drinking Water in the Last 12 Months, but 41 Percent Have Not Tested
Cost of Testing
Communication about Testing
Plans to Conduct Testing on a Recurring Basis
Reasons School Districts Reported for Not Testing
An Estimated 37 Percent of School Districts That Reported Testing Found Elevated Levels of Lead in Drinking Water
School Districts' Lead Testing Efforts and Discovery of Elevated Lead Levels Varied Based on the Size, Population Density, and Location of the District
All School Districts with Elevated Lead in Drinking Water Reported Taking Action, Such as Replacing Water Fountains or Flushing Pipes
Several States Require School Districts to Test for Lead in Drinking Water and Additional States Provide Funding and Technical Assistance
At Least Eight States Require School Districts to Test for Lead as of 2017, According to EPA
Additional States Provided Funding and Technical Assistance to Support School District Efforts to Test for and Remediate Lead
EPA Provides Several Resources on Lead, but EPA and Education Should Provide More Information to Support States and School Districts and Improve Collaboration
EPA Provides Guidance, Training, and Technical Assistance on Lead Testing and Remediation, but States and School Districts Need Updated Guidance
Education Has Not Played a Significant Role in Lead Testing and Remediation in Schools or Collaborated with EPA on These Efforts
Conclusion
Recommendations for Executive Action
Agency Comments
List of Requesters
Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology
Web-Based Survey of School Districts
Site Visits to School Districts and Interviews with State and School District Officials
Review of State Requirements
Review of Federal Laws and Regulations, and Interviews with Federal Agency Officials
Interviews with Stakeholder Organizations
Appendix II: Survey of Lead Testing and Remediation Efforts
Section A: Background
Section B: Testing for Lead in School Drinking Water
Section C: Remediation of Lead in School Drinking Water
Section D: Guidance Regarding Lead Testing and Remediation
Section E: Other Questions
Section F: Completion
Appendix III: Lead Testing and Remediation in Charter School Districts
Appendix IV. Testing Components for Eight States That Require School Districts to Test for Lead in Drinking Water
Appendix V: EPA Guidance to the Public on Reducing Lead in Drinking Water
Appendix VI: Memorandum of Understanding between EPA, Education, CDC, and Related Associations on Reducing Lead in School Drinking Water Effective June 2005
Appendix VII: Comments from the Environmental Protection Agency
Appendix VIII: Comments from the Department of Education
Chapter 6
Allocation of Funds Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act(
Summary
Introduction
Determination of Title I-A Grants
Basic Grants
Population Factor (Formula Child Count)
Eligibility Threshold
Expenditure Factor
LEA Minimum Grant or "Hold Harmless" Level
Minimum State Grant
Initial LEA Grant
Ratable Reduction
Treatment of Puerto Rico, the Outlying Areas, Palau, and the Bureau of Indian Education
Further Adjustments by SEAs of LEA Grants as Calculated by ED
Basic Grant Allocation Formula
Concentration Grants
Targeted Grants
Population Factor (Formula Child Count)
Education Finance Incentive Grants (EFIG)
Population Factor (Formula Child Count)
Allocations at the School Level
Appendix A. Title I-A Formula Characteristics
Appendix B. ESEA Title I-A Appropriations
Index
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