Responsibility to protect (R2P) revisited

Name: Responsibility to protect (R2P) revisited | Towards climate change-related obligations of states?
Brand: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag
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Towards climate change-related obligations of states?

Franziska-Carolin Kring(Autor*in)

Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 2. Juli 2020

312 Seiten

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978-3-8305-4196-7 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Table of contents
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
List of Tables
List of Figures
A. Introduction
I. Introductory remarks
II. Climate change and displacement
1. Observed effects and drivers of climate change
2. Future impacts of climate change
3. Adaptation and mitigation
III. Political and legal responses to climate change
1. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
2. Kyoto Protocol
3. 2015 Paris Agreement
4. Remarks
IV. Research objective
1. The gap in legal literature
2. Research question
3. Analytical framework
B. Human rights dimension of climate change
I. Climate change effects as human rights violations?
1. Individual human rights
2. Collective human rights
3. Human rights violations in a strict legal sense?
II. States' human rights obligations regarding climate change
1. Potential scenarios
a) Extreme humanitarian catastrophes
aa) States' obligations towards their own population
bb) States' obligations towards populations of other states
(1) Potential obligations
(2) Legal bases
(a) Extraterritorial extension of environmental human rights jurisprudence
(b) Obligations under the international duty of cooperation
(c) Obligations under international refugee law
b) Mitigation of climate change
aa) States' obligations towards their own populations
bb) States' obligations towards populations of other states
(1) Potential obligations
cc) Erga omnes obligations
2. Remarks
III. Conclusion
C. The responsibility to protect
I. History
1. International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty
2. High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges, and Change
3. World Summit Outcome document
4. Annual reports of the Secretary-General
5. Security Council resolutions
a) Resolution 1970
b) Resolution 1973
6. Responsibility to protect after Libya and Syria: sudden death?
II. Theoretical foundations
1. Obligations inherent in the concept of state sovereignty
2. Responsibility of the Security Council
3. International human rights law, humanitarian law, and national laws
4. Developing practice of states, regional organisations, and the Security Council
III. Legal status
1. Legal status of the entire concept
a) Customary international law
aa) General Assembly and Security Council
bb) Other international institutions
cc) Proponents of the responsibility to protect
(1) European states
(a) United Kingdom
(b) France
(c) Germany
(d) Remarks
(2) African states
(3) The Americas
(a) Canada
(b) Brazil
(c) United States of America
(d) Remarks
dd) Opponents of the responsibility to protect
(1) Russia
(2) China
(3) Remarks
b) Emerging norm of international law
c) Conclusion
2. Legal status of the primary responsibility
3. Legal status of the secondary responsibility
4. Conclusion
D. The impacts of climate change as potential crimes under R2P
I. Genocide
II. Ethnic cleansing
III. War crimes
IV. Crimes against humanity
1. Tolerable amount of greenhouse gas emissions
a) Punishable act
aa) Murder
bb) Extermination
cc) Deportation or forcible transfer of populations
dd) Other inhumane acts
(1) Inhumane act of a similar character
(a) Inhumane act
(b) Of a similar character
(c) Conclusion
(2) Intention
(3) Awareness of the factual circumstances establishing the similar character
b) Widespread or systematic attack against any civilian population
aa) Attack
bb) Widespread or systematic
cc) Directed against any civilian population
dd) Conclusion
c) Remarks
2. States failing to protect their populations
a) Cyclone Nargis and the responsibility to protect
aa) Punishable act
(1) Myanmar's blockade of aid
(a) Murder
(b) Extermination
(c) Inhumane act of a similar character
(2) Embezzlement of aid
(3) Forcible transfer of people
(4) Failure to warn the population
(5) Conclusion
bb) Committed as part of an attack
cc) Widespread or systematic
dd) Directed against any civilian population
ee) Knowledge of the attack
ff) Conclusion
b) Responsibility to protect people from climate change
V. Remarks
E. Extension of the R2P
I. Scenarios
1. Extreme humanitarian catastrophes
a) Type and scale of human suffering
b) Actors involved and their potential responsibilities
aa) Affected states
(1) Responsibility to prevent
(2) Responsibility to react
(3) Responsibility to rebuild
bb) International community and the United Nations
(1) Responsibility to prevent
(2) Responsibility to react
(3) Responsibility to rebuild
cc) Non-governmental organisations
(1) Responsibility to prevent
(2) Responsibility to react
(3) Responsibility to rebuild
c) Potential consequences
d) Potential legal bases for external intervention
aa) UN Security Council resolution
bb) Self-defence
cc) Draft Articles on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters
dd) Customary international law
e) Suitability
f) Remarks
2. Mitigation of climate change
a) Type and scale of human suffering
b) Actors involved and their potential responsibilities
aa) Individual states
bb) International community and United Nations
cc) Individuals and companies
dd) Non-governmental organisations
c) Potential consequences
d) Potential legal bases for external intervention
aa) UN Security Council resolution
bb) Self-defence
e) Suitability
f) Remarks
3. Conclusion
II. Theoretical foundations
1. Extreme humanitarian catastrophes
a) Obligations inherent in the concept of sovereignty
aa) Responsibility of affected states
bb) Responsibility of the international community
b) Responsibility of the Security Council
c) International human rights law, humanitarian law, and national law
aa) Responsibility of affected states
bb) Responsibility of the international community
d) Conclusion
2. Mitigation of climate change
a) Obligations inherent in the concept of sovereignty
aa) Responsibility of individual states
bb) Responsibility of the international community
b) Responsibility of the Security Council
c) International human rights law, humanitarian law, and national law
aa) Responsibility of individual states
bb) Responsibility of the international community
d) Conclusion
3. Remarks
III. Guidelines for the application of an extended R2P
1. Scope
2. Addressees
3. Components
4. Application in practice
IV. Challenges and opportunities
1. First challenge: harm to doctrine
2. Second challenge: risk of abuse
3. Third challenge: infeasibility for disaster relief
4. Fourth challenge: absence of political support
5. Remarks
V. Conclusion
F. General Conclusion and Outlook
Appendix
References
Lebenslauf

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