Physiology of Woody Plants

Preface1 The Role of Plant Physiology Introduction The Role of Plant Physiology The Scope of Tree Physiology Problems and Prospects General References2 Structure Introduction Leaves Stems Wood Structure of Gymnosperms Wood Structure of Angiosperms Bark Roots General References3 Vegetative Growth Introduction Shoot Growth Shoot Types and Growth Patterns Shoot Growth in the Tropics Cambial Growth Root Growth Measurement and Analysis of Growth General References4 Reproductive Growth Introduction Periodicity of Reproductive Growth Sexual Reproduction in Angiosperms Sexual Reproduction in Gymnosperms Asexual Reproduction General References5 Photosynthesis Introduction The Chloroplast Pigments Factors Affecting Chlorophyll Formation The Photosynthetic Mechanism Variations in Rates of Photosynthesis Factors Affecting Photosynthesis General References6 Enzymes, Energetics, and Respiration Introduction Enzymes and Energetics Respiration Respiration of Plants and Plant Parts Factors Affecting Respiration Assimilation General References7 Carbohydrates Introduction Kinds of Carbohydrates Carbohydrate Transformations Uses of Carbohydrates Accumulation of Carbohydrates Seasonal Cycles in Carbohydrate Content Autumn Coloration General References8 Lipids, Terpenes, and Related Substances Introduction Lipids Waxes, Cutin, and Suberin Internal Lipid Layers Compound Lipids Occurrence of Lipids in Woody Plants Isoprenoids or Terpenes Functions of Secondary Compounds in Plants General References9 Nitrogen Metabolism and Nutrition Introduction Distribution and Seasonal Fluctuations of Nitrogen Important Nitrogen Compounds Nitrogen Requirements Sources of Nitrogen The Nitrogen Cycle General References10 Mineral Nutrition and Salt Absorption Mineral Nutrition Salt Absorption General References11 Translocation Introduction Water Transport Mineral Transport Translocation of Organic Compounds Interplant Translocation Mechanisms of Phloem Translocation Control of Phloem Transport General References12 The Importance of Water and the Process of Transpiration Introduction Transpiration Plant Factors Affecting Transpiration Stomata Interaction of Factors Affecting Transpiration Measurement of Transpiration Transpiration Rates Water Loss from Plant Stands General References13 Absorption of Water, Ascent of Sap, and Water Balance The Absorption of Water Water Absorption Mechanisms Root and Stem Pressures Factors Affecting Water Absorption The Ascent of Sap The Water Conducting System The Water Balance Drought Tolerance Measurement of Water Stress General References14 Physiology of Seeds and Seedlings Introduction Seed Structure and Composition Seed Longevity Seed Testing Patterns of Seed Germination Environmental Control of Seed Germination Physiology of Seed Germination Seed Dormancy Physiology of Young Seedlings General References15 Growth Regulators Introduction General Controls Naturally Occurring Hormones Interactions of Hormones Growth Regulators and Disease General References16 Internal Factors Affecting Growth Introduction Internal Control of Vegetative Growth Internal Control of Reproductive Growth Internal Correlations Crown Form General References17 Environmental and Cultural Factors Affecting Growth Introduction Complexity of Environmental Control of Growth Environmental Control of Vegetative Growth Cultural Practices and Vegetative Growth Insects and Diseases Pollution Fire Environmental Control of Reproductive Growth Cultural Practices and Reproductive Growth General References18 Scientific and Common Names of Woody PlantsBibliographyIndex