Mass Spectrometry

Name: Mass Spectrometry | Instrumentation, Interpretation, and Applications
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Instrumentation, Interpretation, and Applications

Agnieszka Kraj Dominic M. Desiderio Nico M. Nibbering(Autor*in)

Rolf Ekman Jerzy Silberring Ann M. Brinkmalm(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

Erschienen am 2. Dezember 2008

358 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
MASS SPECTROMETRY
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
CONTRIBUTORS
PART I INSTRUMENTATION
1 DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS
References
2 A MASS SPECTROMETER'S BUILDING BLOCKS
2.1. Ion Sources
2.1.1. Gas Discharge
2.1.2. Thermal Ionization
2.1.3. Spark Source
2.1.4. Glow Discharge
2.1.5. Inductively Coupled Plasma
2.1.6. Electron Ionization
2.1.7. Chemical Ionization
2.1.8. Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization
2.1.9. Photoionization
2.1.10. Multiphoton Ionization
2.1.11. Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization
2.1.12. Field Ionization
2.1.13. Field Desorption
2.1.14. Thermospray Ionization
2.1.15. Electrospray Ionization
2.1.16. Desorption Electrospray Ionization
2.1.17. Direct Analysis in Real Time
2.1.18. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
2.1.19. Fast Atom Bombardment
2.1.20. Plasma Desorption
2.1.21. Laser Desorption/Ionization
2.1.22. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization
2.1.23. Atmospheric Pressure Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization
2.2. Mass Analyzers
2.2.1. Time-of-Flight
2.2.2. Magnetic/Electric Sector
2.2.3. Quadrupole Mass Filter
2.2.4. Quadrupole Ion Trap
2.2.5. Orbitrap
2.2.6. Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance
2.2.7. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
2.3. Detectors
2.3.1. Photoplate Detector
2.3.2. Faraday Detector
2.3.3. Electron Multipliers
2.3.4. Focal Plane Detector
2.3.5. Scintillation Detector
2.3.6. Cryogenic Detector
2.3.7. Solid-State Detector
2.3.8. Image Current Detection
References
3 TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
3.1. Tandem MS Analyzer Combinations
3.1.1. Tandem-in-Space
3.1.2. Tandem-in-Time
3.1.3. Other Tandem MS Configurations
3.2. Ion Activation Methods
3.2.1. In-Source Decay
3.2.2. Post-Source Decay
3.2.3. Collision Induced/Activated Dissociation
3.2.4. Photodissociation
3.2.5. Blackbody Infrared Radiative Dissociation
3.2.6. Electron Capture Dissociation
3.2.7. Electron Transfer Dissociation
3.2.8. Surface-Induced Dissociation
References
4 SEPARATION METHODS
4.1. Chromatography
4.1.1. Gas Chromatography
4.1.2. Liquid Chromatography
4.1.3. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
4.2. Electric-Field Driven Separations
4.2.1. Ion Mobility
4.2.2. Electrophoresis
References
PART II INTERPRETATION
5 INTRODUCTION TO MASS SPECTRA INTERPRETATION: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
5.1. Basic Concepts
5.2. Inlet Systems
5.2.1. Direct Inlet
5.2.2. Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
5.3. Physical Bases of Mass Spectrometry
5.3.1. Electron Ionization
5.3.2. Basics of Fragmentation Processes in Mass Spectrometry
5.3.3. Metastable Ions
5.4. Theoretical Rules and Approaches to Interpret Mass Spectra
5.4.1. Stability of Charged and Neutral Particles
5.4.2. The Concept of Charge and Unpaired Electron Localization
5.4.3. Charge Remote Fragmentation
5.5. Practical Approaches to Interpret Mass Spectra
5.5.1. Molecular Ion
5.5.2. High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
5.5.3. Determination of the Elemental Composition of Ions on the Basis of Isotopic Peaks
5.5.4. The Nitrogen Rule
5.5.5. Establishing the (13)C Isotope Content in Natural Samples
5.5.6. Calculation of the Isotopic Purity of Samples
5.5.7. Fragment Ions
5.5.8. Mass Spectral Libraries
5.5.9. Additional Mass Spectral Information
5.5.10. Fragmentation Scheme
References
6 SEQUENCING OF PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS
6.1. Basic Concepts
6.2. Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Peptides and Proteins
6.3. Peptide Fragmentation Nomenclature
6.3.1. Roepstorff's Nomenclature
6.3.2. Biemann's Nomenclature
6.3.3. Cyclic Peptides
6.4. Technical Aspects and Fragmentation Rules
6.5. Why Peptide Sequencing?
6.6. De Novo Sequencing
6.6.1. Data Acquisition
6.6.2. Sequencing Procedure Examples
6.6.3. Tips and Tricks
6.7. Peptide Derivatization Prior to Fragmentation
6.7.1. Simplification of Fragmentation Patterns
6.7.2. Stable Isotopes Labeling
Acknowledgments
References
Online Tutorials
7 OPTIMIZING SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY IN MASS SPECTROMETRIC PROTEOME ANALYSIS
7.1. Quantitation
7.2. Peptide and Protein Identification
7.3. Success Rate and Relative Dynamic Range
7.4. Summary
References
PART III APPLICATIONS
8 DOPING CONTROL
References
9 OCEANOGRAPHY
References
10 "OMICS" APPLICATIONS
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Genomics and Transcriptomics
10.3. Proteomics
10.4. Metabolomics
11 SPACE SCIENCES
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Origins
11.3. Dynamics
11.4. The Space MS Paradox
11.5. A Brief History of Space MS
11.5.1. Beginnings
11.5.2. Linear TOF-MS
11.5.3. Isochronous TOF-MS
11.6. GENESIS and the Future
References
12 BIOTERRORISM
12.1. What is Bioterrorism?
12.2. Some Historical Accounts of Bioterrorism
12.3. Geneva Protocol of 1925 and Biological Weapons Convention of 1972
12.4. Categories of Biothreat Agents
12.5. Challenges
12.6. MS Identification of Biomarker Proteins
12.7. Development of New Therapeutics and Vaccines Using Immunoproteomics
References
13 IMAGING OF SMALL MOLECULES
13.1. SIMS Imaging
13.2. Biological Applications (Cells, Tissues, and Pharmaceuticals)
13.3. Catalysis
13.4. Forensics
13.5. Semiconductors
13.6. The Future
References
14 UTILIZATION OF MASS SPECTROMETRY IN CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Where are Mass Spectrometers Utilized in Clinical Applications?
14.3. Most Common Analytes Detected by Mass Spectrometers
14.4. Multianalyte Detection of Clinical Biomarkers, The Real Success Story
14.5. Quantitative Profiling
14.6. A Clinical Example of the Use of Mass Spectrometry
14.7. Demonstrations of Concepts of Quantification in Clinical Chemistry
14.7.1. Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Sorting (Pocket Change)
14.7.2. Isotope Dilution and Quantification (the Jelly Bean Experiment)
15 POLYMERS
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Instrumentation, Sample Preparation, and Matrices
15.3. Analysis of Ultrapure Polymer Samples
15.4. Analysis of Polymer Samples in which all Chains Possess the Same Backbone
15.5. Analysis of Polymer Mixtures with Different Backbones
15.6. Determination of Average Molar Masses
References
16 FORENSIC SCIENCES
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Materials Examined and Goals of Analysis
16.3. Sample Preparation
16.4. Systematic Toxicological Analysis
16.4.1. GC-MS Procedures
16.4.2. LC-MS Procedures
16.5. Quantitative Analysis
16.6. Identification of Arsons
References
17 NEW APPROACHES TO NEUROCHEMISTRY
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Why is there so Little Research in this Area?
17.3. Proteomics and Neurochemistry
17.3.1. The Synapse
17.3.2. Learning and Memory
17.3.3. The Brain and the Immune System
17.3.4. Stress and Anxiety
17.3.5. Psychiatric Diseases and Disorders
17.3.6. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
17.3.7. Addiction
17.3.8. Pain
17.3.9. Neurodegenerative Diseases
17.4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
PART IV APPENDIX
INDEX

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