Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security

Name: Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security | SAFECOMP 2015 Workshops, ASSURE, DECSoS. ISSE, ReSA4CI, and SASSUR, Delft, The Netherlands, September 22, 2015, Proceedings
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SAFECOMP 2015 Workshops, ASSURE, DECSoS. ISSE, ReSA4CI, and SASSUR, Delft, The Netherlands, September 22, 2015, Proceedings

Floor Koornneef Coen van Gulijk(Herausgeber*in)

Springer (Verlag)

Erschienen am 9. September 2015

XXXVI, 422 Seiten

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978-3-319-24249-1 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
Preface
Organizing Committee
ASSURE 2015
The 3rd International Workshop on AssuranceCases for Software-Intensive Systems
DECSoS 2015
Introduction ERCIM/EWICS/ARTEMISWorkshop on Dependable Embeddedand Cyber-Physical Systemsand Systems-of-Systems at SAFECOMP 2015
ISSE 2015
2nd International Workshop on the Integrationof Safety and Security Engineering
ReSA4CI 2015
Introduction to the Safecomp 2015 Workshop:Reliability and Security Aspectsfor Critical Infrastructure Protection
SASSUR 2015
4th InternationalWorkshop on NextGenerationof System Assurance Approachesfor Safety-Critical Systems
Sponsors
Conference Partners
Contents
Assurance Cases for Software-Intensive Systems (ASSURE 2015)
Informing Assurance Case Review Through a Formal Interpretation of GSN Core Logic
1 Introduction
2 Formalization in Assurance Argumentation
3 Fundamental GSN Elements and Notions
4 Semantics
5 Argument Consistency
6 Conclusions
References
Representing Confidence in Assurance Case Evidence
1 Introduction
2 Background and Related Work
3 Application to Assurance Cases
3.1 Node Example
3.2 Assurance Example
4 Conclusions
References
Safe & Sec Case Patterns
1 Introduction
2 Safe & Sec Process Patterns
2.1 Subordinate Process Pattern
2.2 Uni-Directional Reference Process Pattern
2.3 Interrelated (Independent) Process Pattern
2.4 Interrelated (SafSec) Process Pattern
3 Safe & Sec Case Patterns
3.1 Independent Case Pattern
3.2 Subordinate Case Pattern
3.3 Uni-Directional Reference Case Pattern
3.4 Interrelated (Independent) Case Pattern
3.5 Interrelated (SafSec) Case Pattern
4 Related Work
5 Conclusion
References
A Comprehensive Safety Lifecycle
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 CLASS Principles
3 The CLASS Meta Process
3.1 Development Component
3.2 Update Component
4 The CLASS Instance Process
4.1 InstanceCLASS Information Flow
4.2 Safety Information Repository
5 The CLASS Resource Repository
6 The CLASS Analysis Framework
7 The CLASS Approval Process
8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
An Approach to Assure Dependability Through ArchiMate
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Assurance Case
2.2 Open Dependability Through Assuredness
2.3 Assured ADM
2.4 ArchiMate
3 Assurance Case Patterns for Architecture
3.1 Dependability Argument and ArchiMate
3.2 Assurance Case Derivation from ArchiMate Model
4 Example Study
4.1 Driving Diagnosis Service
4.2 BA in ArchiMate
5 Discussion
5.1 Effectiveness
5.2 Applicability
5.3 Generality
5.4 Limitations
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Tool Support for Assurance Case Building Blocks
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 CAE Building Blocks and the "Helping Hand"
2.1 Building Blocks Concept
2.2 "Helping Hand" for CAE Building Blocks
3 Tool Description
3.1 Tool Support for CAE Building Blocks
3.2 Integration with ASCE
4 Conclusions and Future Directions
1 A Appendix Basic Building Blocks for Assurance Casesf
References
Safety.Lab: Model-Based Domain Specific Tooling for Safety Argumentation
1 Introduction
2 Long-Term Vision for Safety Argumentation Tooling
2.1 Use of Rich and Domain Specific Models
2.2 Integration of System Design and Safety Analysis
2.3 Support the Construction of Assurance Cases
2.4 Support the Evolution of Assurance Cases
3 Safety.Lab
4 Related Work
5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
A Safety Condition Monitoring System
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Monitoring System Design
2.1 Event Bus
2.2 Monitoring Data Repository
2.3 State Predicates
2.4 State Recognizers
3 Sensors
3.1 Sensor Characteristics
3.2 Sensors and Unmodifiable Software Systems
3.3 An Example of Sensing in a Simulink® Model
4 Conclusion
References
Error Type Refinement for Assurance of Families of Platform-Based Systems
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 AAMI / UL 2800
2.2 The Integrated Clinical Environment Architecture
2.3 PCA Safety Interlock Scenario
2.4 AADL's Error Model's Error Types
3 Error Refinement
3.1 Supporting 2800 Goals
3.2 Refinement by Component Category
3.3 Refinement by Component Implementation
3.4 Using Error Types in Hazard Analysis and Testing
3.5 Allocation of Related Concepts to 2800 Standard Documents
4 Conclusion
References
EWICS/ERCIM/ARTEMIS Dependable Cyber-physical Systems and Systems-of-Systems Workshop (DECSoS 2015)
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of CFTs Taking Security Causes into Account
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Analysis
3.1 Ratings
3.2 Calculation Rules for Likelihood and Probability Values in SECFTs
3.3 Qualitative Analysis
3.4 Quantitative Analysis
4 Conclusion
References
Sequential Logic for State/Event Fault Trees: A Methodology to Support the Failure Modeling of Cyber Physical Systems
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 State/Event Fault Trees
4 Sequence Logic of SEFTs
5 Evaluation
6 Conclusion
References
Towards a Framework for Alignment Between Automotive Safety and Security Standards
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 ISO 26262
4 ISO 15048, Common Criteria
5 Comparison and Points for Interaction
5.1 Work Products
5.2 Assurance Levels
5.3 Automotive Domain Specific Concepts
6 Conclusion
References
Reconfiguration Testing for Cooperating Autonomous Agents
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Processing Stages
2.1 Individual Behaviour
2.2 Cooperative Behaviour
3 On-Line Fault and Anomaly Handling
3.1 Fault Detection and Fault Tolerance
3.2 Anomaly Detection and Reconfiguration
4 Modelling Reconfiguration by Coloured Petri Nets
4.1 Multiplicity of Runtime Behaviour
4.2 CPN Modelling of Behaviour Allowing for Reconfiguration
5 Example
5.1 Requirements Concerning Regular Behaviour
5.2 Requirements Concerning Reconfiguration
5.3 CPN Models for Increasing Levels of Reconfiguration
6 Incremental Reconfiguration Testing
7 Conclusion
References
A Motion Certification Concept to Evaluate Operational Safety and Optimizing Operating Parameters at ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Safety Evaluation Requirements for Autonomous Motions
3 State of the Art for Safety Evaluation
4 A Safety Certified Motion Sequence
5 Conclusion
References
Approach for Demonstrating Safety for a Collision Avoidance System
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 State of the Art
2.1 Collision Warning and Avoidance Systems
2.2 Safety Validation Strategies for Collision Warning and Avoidance Systems
3 Stereo-Vision-Based Collision Warning/Avoidance System
4 Approach for Safety Demonstration
4.1 Applicable Functional Safety and Security Standards
4.2 Under Which Conditions Is the System Safety-Critical?
4.3 Tramcar Brake Systems and Their Influence on Passenger Safety
4.4 Operation on a COTS Hardware with Safety Requirements
4.5 Safety Argumentation for a Software with Inherent False Positives
4.6 Safety Validation
5 Conclusions and Further Work
References
Contract Modeling and Verification with FormalSpecs Verifier Tool-Suite - Application to Ansaldo STS Rapid Transit Metro System Use Case
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Rapid Transit Metro System Use Case
4 Formal Specs Verifier (FSV)
5 Requirements, Formalization and Analysis
5.1 Formalization of the ASTS Requirements
5.2 Reduction Rules Analysis
6 Conclusion and Future Work
Acknowledgements
References
Towards Verification of Multicore Motor-Drive Controllers in Aerospace
1 Introduction
2 Problem Definition and Challenges
3 Model Based Design for Aerospace Verification
4 Verification of Motor-Drive Power Control Applications
4.1 Motor-Drive Power Control
4.2 Verification Approach
5 Conclusions and Look Ahead
References
FlexRay Robustness Testing Contributing to Automated Safety Certification
Abstract
1 Motivation
1.1 Why Research in Safety Certification Is Indispensable
1.2 Outline of the Paper
2 The Safety Certification Process
3 The BOLDI Demonstrator
4 The Tool Framework
4.1 BusScope
4.2 TCBP
4.3 WEFACT
5 Test Case Examples
5.1 Test Case Definition
5.2 Test Case Results
6 Conclusions and Future Work
References
Towards Perfectly Scalable Real-Time Systems
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Challenges for Next Generation Automotive Test Systems
3 Reconfigurable Real-Time Systems
4 Architectural Considerations
4.1 General
4.2 Identify Dependencies to Achieve Scalability
5 Modifying Systems in Runtime
6 Mapping of Software to Hardware
7 Inter-process Communication and Run-Time Dependencies
8 Component Development Considerations
9 Robustness Considerations
10 Parallelized, Mixed Criticality Aware Networking
11 Example: Four-Wheel Test Application
12 Outlook
13 Summary and Conclusion
References
Dependable Cyber-Physical Systems with Redundant Consumer Single-Board Linux Computers
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Dependable CSBLCs
2.1 Hardware
2.2 Software and Development
2.3 Concerns Regarding Dependability
2.4 Practical Experience with CSBLCs
2.5 Dependability of Selected CSBLCs
2.6 Security
3 Real-Time Performance
3.1 Real-Time Addition to Linux
3.2 Slave Microcontroller
4 Increased Reliability with Redundancy
4.1 Computer Redundancy
4.2 Resource Redundancy
4.3 Common-Cause Failures
5 Conclusion
References
International workshop on the Integration of Safety and Security Engineering (ISSE 2015)
A Combined Safety-Hazards and Security-Threat Analysis Method for Automotive Systems
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 SAHARA Approach
4 Application of the Approach
5 Conclusion
References
Safety and Security Assessment of Behavioral Properties Using Alloy
1 Introduction
2 Alloy in a Nutshell
3 The Coy Modeling Framework
3.1 Composite Structure
3.2 Behavior
4 Fire Detection Example
4.1 Presentation of the System
4.2 Coy Model
4.3 Properties Verification
5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Combining MILS with Contract-Based Design for Safety and Security Requirements
1 Introduction
2 Overview of D-MILS
3 Architecture-Driven Integration of the MILS Approach and Contract-Based Design
3.1 Tool Support for Contract-Based Reasoning
4 Starlight Example
4.1 Architecture
4.2 System Contract
4.3 Component Contracts
4.4 Analysis Results
5 Related Work
6 Conclusions
References
Security Analysis of Urban Railway Systems: The Need for a Cyber-Physical Perspective
1 Introduction
2 Railway Security Risks and Implications
2.1 Scenario 1: Risks in CBTC Systems
2.2 Scenario 2: Risks in Mobile Transit Information Apps
3 Applying Existing Security Analysis Approaches
3.1 Analysis of Scenario 1 with FMVEA Method
3.2 Analysis of Scenario 2 with Attack Tree Method
4 Moving Forward
5 Conclusion
References
Sequential and Parallel Attack Tree Modelling
1 Introduction
2 Attack Trees
3 Case Studies
4 Conclusion
References
International Workshop on Reliability and Security Aspects for Critical Infrastructure Protection (ReSA4CI 2015)
Analysis of Companies Gaps in the Application of Standards for Safety-Critical Software
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Framework for Gap Analysis
3 Dataset Structure and Population
4 Metrics for Gap Analysis
4.1 Qualitative Analysis
4.2 Quantitative Analysis
4.3 Driving Conclusions
5 Case Study: Gap Analysis for DO-178B
6 Concluding Remarks
References
Simulative Evaluation of Security Attacks in Networked Critical Infrastructures
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 SEA++: Simulative Evalution of Attacks
3.1 The Attack Specification Language
3.2 The Attack Simulator
3.3 Prototype Implementation for INET
4 Case Study: A Traffic Light System
4.1 Attack Impact and Ranking
5 Conclusions
References
Optimization of Reconfiguration Mechanisms in Critical Infrastructures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Solution
2.1 Structure and Workflow of the Integrated Analysis Tool
2.2 The Model Definition Language
3 Case Study
3.1 The SCADA System Model and the Control Process
3.2 The Infrastructure and the Process Model
3.3 The Alloy Model
3.4 The PNS Model
3.5 Results
4 Conclusion and Further Work
References
How to Use Mobile Communication in Critical Infrastructures: A Dependability Analysis
1 Introduction
2 System Description
2.1 Challenges
3 Usage Alternatives
4 Unavailability
4.1 Quantification of Asingle and ADMR
4.2 Quantification of Astandby
4.3 Discussion
5 Improving Availability with Batteries
5.1 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Using Structured Assurance Case Approach to Analyse Security and Reliability of Critical Infrastructures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Overview of the Approaches
2.1 Structured Assurance Cases
2.2 Preliminary Interdependency Analysis Method and Tool
3 Case Study
4 Analysis of the Case Study
4.1 Establishing the Environment
4.2 Substitution of a Model for the Real System
4.3 Analysis of Critical Properties
5 Findings and Discussions
6 Conclusions and Next Steps
References
International Workshop on Next Generation of System Assurance Approaches for Safety-Critical Systems (SASSUR-2015)
Multidirectional Modular Conditional Safety Certificates
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Research
3 Use Case Description
4 Vertical and Horizontal Dependencies
4.1 Vertical Safety Dependencies
4.2 Horizontal Safety Dependencies
5 Multidirectional Modular Conditional Certificates
6 Applying the M2C2 Framework to the Use Case
7 Conclusions
References
Approaches for Software Verification of An Emergency Recovery System for Micro Air Vehicles
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Challenges
4 Proposed Emergency Recovery System for MAVs
4.1 Internal Structure
5 System Level Failure Analysis
6 Software Verification
6.1 Verification Workflow
6.2 Missing Architectural Information
6.3 Preprocessing Against State-Space Explosion
6.4 Keeping Assumptions Sound
6.5 Verification Results
7 Conclusion
References
The Role of CM in Agile Development of Safety-Critical Software
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 Agile Development and SafeScrum
4 CM in Two Standards
4.1 CM in IEC 61508
4.2 CM in EN 50128
4.3 Prescriptive vs. Goal Based Standards
5 The SafeScrum Approach to CM
5.1 Some General Considerations
5.2 Regression Testing
5.3 SafeScrum CM in IEC 61508 and EN 50128
5.4 Threats to Validity
6 Summary and Conclusions
References
Is Current Incremental Safety Assurance Sound?
1 Introduction
2 Incremental Safety Assurance
3 The Pitfalls of Incremental Safety Assurance
3.1 Compositionality of Safety Artifacts
3.2 Localization of Safety Assurance Efforts
4 Substantiating Our Claims
4.1 Automotive Domain: The Ignition Switch Case
4.2 Medical Domain: The All-Metal Hip Implant Case
5 Discussion
6 Related Work
7 Some Final Remarks
8 Conclusions and Next Steps
References
Dependability Arguments Supported by Fuzz-Testing
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Testing Systems of Systems
3 Fuzz-Testing
4 System Testing and Optimization
5 Dependability Arguments
6 Evaluation
7 Conclusion
References
Author Index

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