The present monograph appears after the death of Professor V. N. Kondratiev, one of those scientists who have greatly contributed to the foundation of contem porary gas kinetics. The most fundamental idea of chemical kinetics, put for ward at the beginning of the twentieth century and connected with names such as W. Nernst, M. Bodenstein, N. N. Semenov, and C. N. Hinshelwood, was that the complex chemical reactions are in fact a manifestation of a set of simpler elementary reactions involving but a small number of species. V. N. Kondratiev was one of the first to adopt this idea and to start investigations on the elementary chemical reactions proper. These investigations revealed explicitly that every elementary reaction in turn consisted of many elementary events usually referred to as elementary processes. It took some time to realize that an elementary reaction, represented in a very simple way by a macroscopic kinetic equation, can be described on a microscopic level by a generalized Boltzmann equation. Neverheless, up to the middle of the twentieth century, gas kinetics was mainly concerned with the interpretation of complex chemical reactions via a set of elementary reactions. But later on, the situation changed drastically. First, the conditions for reducing microscopic cquations to macroscopic ones were clearly set up. These are essentially based on the fact that the small perturbations of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution are caused by the reaction proper.
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ISBN-13
978-3-642-67608-6 (9783642676086)
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-67608-6
Schweitzer Klassifikation
I. General Kinetic Rules for Chemical Reactions.- 1. Kinetic Equations. Rate Constants.- 2. Kinetic Classification of Reactions. Simple and Complex Reactions.- 3. Chemical Equilibrium.- II. Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions.- 4. Macroscopic Manifestation of a Complex Reaction Mechanism.- 5. Intermediates.- 6. Atomic Reactions.- 7. Radical Reactions.- III. Theory of Elementary Processes.- 8. Microscopic Formulation of Reaction Kinetics.- 9. Dynamics of Elementary Processes.- 10. Various Types of Potential Energy Surfaces.- 11. Equilibrium Rate Constants. Transition-State Method.- IV. Energy Exchange in Molecular Collisions.- 12. Experimental Methods of Studying Vibrational Relaxation.- 13. Transfer of Translational and Rotational Energy.- 14. Transfer of Vibrational Energy.- 15. Kinetics of the Vibrational Relaxation of Diatomic Molecules.- 16. Energy Exchange with Electronically Excited Molecules.- V. Unimolecular Reactions.- 17. The Theory of Unimolecular Reactions.- 18. Experimental.- VI. Combination Reactions.- 19. Atomic and Radical Recombination and Addition Reactions.- 20. Termolecular Reactions.- VII. Bimolecular Exchange Reactions.- 21. Theory of Bimolecular Exchange Reactions.- 22. Certain Types of Bimolecular Exchange Reactions.- 23. Bimolecular Reaction Rates as a Function of Molecular Structure.- VIII. Photochemical Reactions.- 24. Photochemical Activation of Molecules.- 25. Secondary Processes in Photochemical Reactions.- 26. Photochemical Sensitization.- 27. Temperature Dependence and Photochemical Reaction Mechanisms.- IX. Chemical Reactions in Electric Discharge.- 28. Activation in Electric Discharge.- 29. Types of Electric Discharge. Low-Temperature Plasma.- 30. Certain Reactions in Electric Discharge and Their Yields.- X. Radiation Chemical Reactions.-31. Primary Processes.- 32. Secondary Processes Specific of Radiation Chemistry.- 33. The Sequence of Elementary Processes in Gas Radiolysis.- XI. Chain Reactions.- 34. Non-chain and Chain Reactions.- 35. Stationary Chain Reactions.- 36. Chain Generation.- 37. Chain Termination.- 38. Branched Chains.- 39. Hydrogen Combustion as Model Reaction.- 40. Hydrocarbon Oxidation and Combustion Mechanisms.- 41. Fluorination Reactions.- 42. Radiation-Chemical Initiation of Chain Reactions.- XII. Combustion Processes.- 43. Self-Ignition.- 44. Non-Premixed Flames.- 45. Premixed Flames.- 46. Flame Propagation.- 47. Detonation.- References.
