Biology of Microorganisms on Grapes, in Must and in Wine

Diversity of Microorganisms.- Lactic Acid Bacteria.- Acetic Acid Bacteria.- Yeasts.- Fungi of Grapes.- Viruses of Wine-Associated Yeast and Bacteria.- Yeast Mixtures and Saccharomyces Hybrids: Suitable Tools for Performing More Sophisticated Must Fermentations.-Phytopathogenic Microorganisms on Vine.- Primary, Secondary and Energy Metabolism.- Sugar Metabolism by Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces Yeasts.- Metabolism and Tansport of Sugars and Organic Acids by Lactic Acid Bacteria from Wine and Must.- Amino Acid Metabolisms and Production of Biogenic Amines and Ethyl Carbamate.- Usage and Formation of Sulphur Compounds.- Polysaccharide Production by Grapes, Must, and Wine Microorganisms.- Microbial Enzymes: Relevance for Winemaking.- Laccases of Botrytis cinerea.- Polyphenol Oxidases from Wine Grapes.- Stimulating and Inhibitory Growth Factors.- Physical and Chemical Stress Factors in Yeast.- Physical and Chemical Stress Factors in Lactic Acid Bacteria.- Influence of Phenolic Compounds and Tannins on Wine-Related Microorganisms.- Molecular Biology and Regulation.- Genomic evolution and adaptation to wine of Oenococcus oeni.- The Genome of Acetic Acid Bacteria.- Plasmids from Wine-Related Lactic Acid Bacteria.- Modern Methods.- Molecular Methods for Identification of Wine Microorganisms and Yeast Development.- Maintenance of Wine-Associated Microorganisms.- DNA Arrays.- Application of Yeast and Bacteria as Starter Cultures.- Application of Microbial Enzymes during Wine Making.- Mass Spectrometry, a powerful tool for the identification of wine-related bacteria and yeast.