EU's Policy of Democracy Promotion

1 - Cover [Seite 1]
2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 9]
2.1 - Choice and mode of EU democracy promoting instruments in the countries of Southern Caucasus and Central Asia [Seite 14]
2.2 - Explaining EU's democracy promotion in the countries of Southern Caucasus and Central Asia [Seite 15]
2.3 - Impact of EU's democracy promotion on the democratic quality of the countries of Southern Caucasus and Central Asia [Seite 17]
2.4 - Explaining the impact of the EU's democracy promotion in the countries of Southern Caucasus and Central Asia [Seite 20]
3 - 2 Muddling Through: The European Union's external democracy promotion in the Southern Caucasus and Central Asia [Seite 27]
3.1 - 1. Analytical framework and hypotheses [Seite 28]
3.2 - 2. Assessing the EU's external democracy promotion in the South Caucasus and Central Asia [Seite 38]
3.3 - 3. Explaining the EU's external democracy promotion in the South Caucasus and Central Asia [Seite 59]
3.3.1 - 3.1 Strength of norm violations by a third country [Seite 60]
3.3.2 - 3.2 Degree of public perception in the EU of norm violations in a third country [Seite 63]
3.3.3 - 3.3 Security interests of the EU/EU's member states, including the presence/absence of alternative interested actors [Seite 65]
3.3.4 - 3.4 Economic interests of the EU/EU's member states, including the presence/absence of alternative interested actors [Seite 71]
3.4 - 4. Conclusion [Seite 76]
4 - 3 The EU's effectiveness as a democracy promotion actor: Three divergent cases in the South Caucasus [Seite 89]
4.1 - 1. The South Caucasus as a "failing region": Divided and diverse [Seite 89]
4.2 - 2. Positioning the South Caucasus vis-à-vis Europe: A comparison with the Balkans and Central Asia [Seite 95]
4.3 - 3. 1991-2004: The EU as a benevolent but weak player in the South Caucasus [Seite 103]
4.4 - 4. 2004-2009: ENP enhancing the status of the South Caucasus within EU policies [Seite 108]
4.5 - 5. European Partnership: The EU as an emergent but reluctant actor in South Caucasus geopolitics [Seite 113]
4.6 - 6. Democracy promotion, the politics of identity, and competition for power [Seite 118]
4.7 - 7. Georgia: Identity and pro-Western policies [Seite 129]
4.8 - 8. Struggling in the Grey Zone: The State of Georgia's Democracy [Seite 144]
4.9 - 9. How can and did the EU impact Georgian democracy? [Seite 148]
4.10 - 10. Armenia: The Fruits of Military Victory, Regional Isolation and Dependence on Russia [Seite 153]
4.11 - 11. Hostage to Security: Relations with the EU and its Impediments [Seite 160]
4.12 - 12. Oligarchy with a Democratic Façade: Where Is Europe's Impact? [Seite 165]
4.13 - 13. Modernism and Secularism: the Inception of Azerbaijan's European Identity [Seite 171]
4.14 - 14. Linkage to the West through Oil: The Failure of Azerbaijan's European Identity [Seite 174]
4.15 - 15. Oil-based Autocracy and Waning influence of the West [Seite 182]
4.16 - 16. Conclusions [Seite 187]
5 - 4 European Union activities and the impact of its policy of democratization in Central Asia [Seite 205]
5.1 - 1. Introduction [Seite 205]
5.2 - 2. Regional context of the European policy of democratization [Seite 207]
5.2.1 - 2.1 Political sphere [Seite 207]
5.2.2 - 2.2 Economic sphere [Seite 209]
5.2.3 - 2.3 Security sphere [Seite 210]
5.2.4 - 2.4 Social sphere [Seite 211]
5.3 - 3. Kazakhstan [Seite 212]
5.3.1 - 3.1 Political sphere [Seite 213]
5.3.1.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 213]
5.3.1.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 217]
5.3.2 - 3.2 Economic sphere [Seite 218]
5.3.2.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 218]
5.3.2.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 221]
5.3.3 - 3.3 Security sphere [Seite 223]
5.3.3.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 223]
5.3.3.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 226]
5.3.4 - 3.4 Social sphere [Seite 227]
5.3.4.1 - Factor leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 227]
5.3.4.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 230]
5.3.5 - 3.5 Conclusions [Seite 232]
5.4 - 4. Kyrgyz Republic [Seite 232]
5.4.1 - 4.1 Political sphere [Seite 234]
5.4.1.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 234]
5.4.1.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 237]
5.4.2 - 4.2 Economic sphere [Seite 238]
5.4.2.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 239]
5.4.2.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 241]
5.4.3 - 4.3 Security sphere [Seite 242]
5.4.3.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 243]
5.4.3.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 245]
5.4.4 - 4.4 Social sphere [Seite 247]
5.4.4.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 247]
5.4.4.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 249]
5.4.5 - 4.5 Conclusions [Seite 251]
5.5 - 5. Tajikistan [Seite 252]
5.5.1 - 5.1 Political sphere [Seite 253]
5.5.1.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 253]
5.5.1.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 256]
5.5.2 - 5.2 Economic sphere [Seite 257]
5.5.2.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 257]
5.5.2.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 260]
5.5.3 - 5.3 Security sphere [Seite 261]
5.5.3.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 262]
5.5.3.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 265]
5.5.4 - 5.4 Social sphere [Seite 266]
5.5.4.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 266]
5.5.4.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 268]
5.5.5 - 5.5 Conclusions [Seite 269]
5.6 - 6. Turkmenistan [Seite 270]
5.6.1 - 6.1 Political sphere [Seite 271]
5.6.1.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 271]
5.6.1.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 274]
5.6.2 - 6.2 Economic sphere [Seite 276]
5.6.2.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 276]
5.6.2.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 279]
5.6.3 - 6.3 Security sphere [Seite 282]
5.6.3.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 282]
5.6.3.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 285]
5.6.4 - 6.4 Social sphere [Seite 287]
5.6.4.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 287]
5.6.4.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 289]
5.6.5 - 6.5 Conclusions [Seite 291]
5.7 - 7. Uzbekistan [Seite 292]
5.7.1 - 7.1 Political sphere [Seite 293]
5.7.1.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 293]
5.7.1.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 295]
5.7.2 - 7.2 Economic sphere [Seite 296]
5.7.2.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 296]
5.7.2.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 299]
5.7.3 - 7.3 Security sphere [Seite 301]
5.7.3.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 301]
5.7.3.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 306]
5.7.4 - 7.4 Social sphere [Seite 307]
5.7.4.1 - Factors leading to increased impact of the EU [Seite 307]
5.7.4.2 - Factors leading to a weakening of EU impact [Seite 309]
5.7.5 - 7.5 Conclusions [Seite 312]
5.8 - 8. Conclusion [Seite 313]