Chemistry of High-Energy Materials

1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 13]
1.1 - 1.1 Historical Overview [Seite 13]
1.2 - 1.2 New Developments [Seite 19]
1.2.1 - 1.2.1 Polymer-Bonded Explosives [Seite 19]
1.2.2 - 1.2.2 New High (Secondary) Explosives [Seite 21]
1.2.3 - 1.2.3 New Primary Explosives [Seite 30]
1.2.4 - 1.2.4 New Oxidizers for Solid Rocket Motors [Seite 33]
1.3 - 1.3 Definitions [Seite 36]
1.4 - 1.4 Combustion, Deflagration, Detonation - A Short Introduction [Seite 40]
1.4.1 - 1.4.1 Fire and Combustion [Seite 40]
1.4.2 - 1.4.2 Deflagration and Detonation [Seite 43]
2 - 2 Classification of Energetic Materials [Seite 45]
2.1 - 2.1 Primary Explosives [Seite 45]
2.2 - 2.2 High (Secondary) Explosives [Seite 47]
2.3 - 2.3 Propellant Charges [Seite 54]
2.4 - 2.4 Rocket Propellants [Seite 56]
2.4.1 - 2.4.1 Chemical Thermal Propulsion (CTP) [Seite 67]
2.5 - 2.5 Pyrotechnics [Seite 68]
2.5.1 - 2.5.1 Detonators, Initiators, Delay Compositions and Heat-Generating Pyrotechnics [Seite 68]
2.5.2 - 2.5.2 Light-Generating Pyrotechnics [Seite 71]
2.5.3 - 2.5.3 Decoy Flares [Seite 77]
2.5.4 - 2.5.4 Smoke Munitions [Seite 83]
2.5.5 - 2.5.5 Near-Infrared (NIR) Compositions [Seite 89]
3 - 3 Detonation, Detonation Velocity and Detonation Pressure [Seite 91]
4 - 4 Thermodynamics [Seite 95]
4.1 - 4.1 Theoretical Basis [Seite 95]
4.2 - 4.2 Computational Methods [Seite 101]
4.2.1 - 4.2.1 Thermodynamics [Seite 101]
4.2.2 - 4.2.2 Detonation Parameters [Seite 104]
4.2.3 - 4.2.3 Combustion Parameters [Seite 108]
4.2.4 - 4.2.4 Example: Theoretical Evaluation of New Solid Rocket Propellants [Seite 113]
4.2.5 - 4.2.5 Example: EXPLO5 Calculation of the Gun Propellant Properties of Single, Double and Triple Base Propellants [Seite 120]
5 - 5 Initiation [Seite 123]
6 - 6 Experimental Characterization of Explosives [Seite 127]
6.1 - 6.1 Sensitivities [Seite 127]
6.2 - 6.2 Long-Term Stabilities [Seite 132]
6.3 - 6.3 Insensitive Munitions [Seite 134]
6.4 - 6.4 Gap Test [Seite 136]
6.5 - 6.5 Classification [Seite 137]
7 - 7 Special Aspects of Explosives [Seite 141]
7.1 - 7.1 Shaped Charges [Seite 141]
7.2 - 7.2 Detonation Velocities [Seite 147]
7.3 - 7.3 Gurney Model [Seite 152]
7.3.1 - 7.3.1 Example: Calculation of the Gurney Velocity for a General Purpose Bomb [Seite 157]
8 - 8 Correlation between the Electrostatic Potential and the Impact Sensitivity [Seite 159]
8.1 - 8.1 Electrostatic Potentials [Seite 159]
8.2 - 8.2 Volume-Based Sensitivities [Seite 162]
9 - 9 Design of Novel Energetic Materials [Seite 165]
9.1 - 9.1 Classification [Seite 165]
9.2 - 9.2 Polynitrogen Compounds [Seite 167]
9.3 - 9.3 High-Nitrogen Compounds [Seite 172]
9.3.1 - 9.3.1 Tetrazole and Dinitramide Chemistry [Seite 173]
9.3.2 - 9.3.2 Tetrazole, Tetrazine and Trinitroethyl Chemistry [Seite 180]
9.3.3 - 9.3.3 Ionic Liquids [Seite 185]
9.4 - 9.4 Dinitroguanidine Derivatives [Seite 189]
9.5 - 9.5 Co-Crystallization [Seite 191]
9.6 - 9.6 Future Energetics [Seite 192]
10 - 10 Synthesis of Energetic Materials [Seite 197]
10.1 - 10.1 Molecular Building Blocks [Seite 197]
10.2 - 10.2 Nitration Reactions [Seite 198]
10.3 - 10.3 Processing [Seite 203]
11 - 11 Safe Handling of Energetic Materials in the Laboratory [Seite 205]
11.1 - 11.1 General [Seite 205]
11.2 - 11.2 Protective Equipment [Seite 206]
11.3 - 11.3 Laboratory Equipment [Seite 208]
12 - 12 Energetic Materials of the Future [Seite 211]
13 - 13 Related Topics [Seite 217]
13.1 - 13.1 Thermobaric Weapons [Seite 217]
13.2 - 13.2 Agent Defeat Weapons [Seite 219]
13.3 - 13.3 Nanothermites [Seite 221]
13.3.1 - 13.3.1 Example: Iron Oxide/Aluminum Thermite [Seite 227]
13.3.2 - 13.3.2 Example: Copper Oxide/Aluminum Thermite [Seite 228]
13.3.3 - 13.3.3 Example: Molybdenum Trioxide/Aluminum Thermite [Seite 229]
13.4 - 13.4 Homemade Explosives [Seite 230]
14 - 14 Study Questions [Seite 231]
15 - 15 Literature [Seite 235]
16 - 16 Appendix [Seite 245]
17 - Index [Seite 259]