Helicobacter pylori

Part 1. Epidemiology-Prevalence and Transmission routes of H. pylori.- Part 2. Pathophysiology.- 1) Colonization of H. pylori in the stomach.- 2) Brief description of Pathophysiology.- 3) Immune mechanism.- 4) Change of acid secretion, ghrelin and leptin by H. pylori.- 5) H. pylori virulence factors.- A: toxin (CagA, VacA, DupA, OipA, IceA).- B: genetic polymorphism of toxin and disease.- 6) Host factors: genetic polymorphism, etc.- Part 3. Diagnosis.- 1) Serology.- 2) Histology.- 3) Culture.- 4) UBT.- 5) Stool antigen.- 6) Specific conditions.- A: Children.- B: Bleeding.- Part 4. Symptom.- 1)Symptom of acute and chronic H. pylori infection.- Part 5. Disease.- 1) Atrophic gastritis and Intestinal metaplasia.- 2) Functional dyspepsia.- 3) Peptic ulcer.- 4) MALToma.- 5) Gastric cancer.- A: Synopsis and Epidemiology of gastric cancer.- B1: Pathogenesis: i.Genetic alternation (mutations in tumor-related genes) induced by Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID).- B2: Pathogenesis: ii. Epigenetic mechanisms: aberrant DNA methylation, microRNA.- B3: Pathogenesis:iii. Macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF).- B4: Pathogenesis: iv. Epidermal mesenchyme transition (EMT).- B5: Pathogenesis: v. ABO blood type.- B6: Pathogenesis: vi. First relatives of gastric cancer.- C: H. pylori-negative gastric cancer.- 6) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).- 7) NSAID-induced gastropathy and H. pylori infection.- 8) Extraintestinal manifestations of H. pylori infection.- A: Iron deficiency anemia.- B: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.- C: Heart disease.- D: Atopy and allergy.- Part 6. Antibiotic resistance.- 1) Synopsis of antibiotic resistance.- 2) Clarithromycin.- 3) Amoxicillin.- 4) Quinolone.- 5) Metronidazole.- Part 7. Treatment.- 1) Synopsis of antibiotic treatment.- 2) Triple therapy.- 3) Quadruple therapy.- 4) Sequential therapy.- 5) Concomitant therapy.- 6) Tailored therapy based on antibiotic resistance.- 7) Levofloxacin or rifabutin based triple therapy.- 8) Probiotics.- 9) Treatment guidelines.- 10) Screening method of early gastric cancer.- 11) Recrudescence and reinfection.- Part 8. Consequences of H. pylori eradication.- 1) Peptic ulcer disease.- 2) atrophic gastritis and Intestinal metaplasia.- 3) Gastric cancer.- Part 9. The effect of H. pylori on the other microbiota of stomach.- The effect of H. pylori on the other microbiota of stomach.- Part 10. Animal model- H. pylori, H. felis.