Congenital Vascular Malformations

1. Human Vascular embryology.- 2. Pathogenesis of CVM.- Angiogenesis.- Genetic Aspect.- Epidemiologic aspect.- Provoking factors for anaggravation of CVM.- 3. Classification and Definition/nomenclature of the CVM.- Overview.- ISSVA Classification.- Hamburg Classification.- Arteriographic Classification of AVM.- 4. Clinical features and evaluation of CVM.- Overview.- Differential diagnosis from the Hemangioma.- Venous malformation (VM)- Extratruncular.- Venous malformation (VM)-Truncular.- Mixed form CVM.- Arterio-venous malformation (AVM).- Lymphatic malformation (LM)- Extra-truncular.- Lymphatic malformation (LM)- Truncular.- Capillary malformation (CM).- 5. New Imaging Modalities for contemporary diagnosis of CVM.- Overview.- MRI & MR Angiography.- Role of Duplex Ultrasonography.- Role of CT & CT angiogram.- Role of Catheter arteriography.- Role of radionuclide scintigraphy.- Indocyanine green lymphangiography.- MR lymphangiography.- Microscopic Lymphangiography.- 6. Treatment of CVM.- Overview.- Endovascular treatment of CVM lesions.- Endovascular treatment of VM.- Management of deep venousaplasia(hypoplasia) or lateral marginal vein.- Endovascular treatment of AVM.- Head & Neck.- Trunk & Extremity.- Endovascular Treatment of lymphatic malformation(LM) / lymphangioma.- Complications of endovascular treatment of CVM lesions.- Surgical treatment of CVM lesions.- Surgical Option for low flow CVM.- Surgical Option for high flow CVM.- Combined surgical and endovascularapproaches.- Surgical treatment of lymphedema.- Laser therapy of CVM.- Conservative/Medical treatment.- Complex Decongestive Physiotherapy(CDP) of primary lymphedema.- 7. Special Issue in the CVM management.- Multidisciplinary team approach to CVM.- Experiences in SMC.- Experiences in Washington DC.- Vascular bone syndrome-Limb lengthdiscrepancy.- Biological approaches to the aggressive CVM lesion.- Treatment strategy of visceral AVM.- Chyloreflux(lymphatic reflux).- Neonatal and Infant CVMs.- Treatment of CVM in pediatric patients.- 8. Epilogue.