Construction Drawings and Details for Interiors

Acknowledgments xi

Part 1 Drawing Communication, Equipment, Fundamentals, and Classification Systems 1

Chapter 1. Design as Communication 3

Drawing for Idea Generation 3

Drawing as Design and Presentation Media 4

Drawing as a Guide for Construction 6

Issues Affecting How Interior Designers Communicate 6

Chapter 2. Drafting Equipment and Its Care 19

Drawing Tables and Surfaces 20

Drawing Papers and Plastic Film 21

Pencils, Leads, and Pens 22

Parallel Bar, T-square, and Drafting Machines 25

Triangles, Templates, and Compasses 27

Scales 28

Erasers, Erasing Shields, and Brushes 32

Additional Equipment 35

Chapter 3. Drawing and Drafting Fundamentals 37

Drawing 37

Drafting 38

Lettering 44

Starting the Drawing 47

Drafting Standards, Abbreviations, and Symbols 52

Chapter 4. Drawing Classification Systems 57

Multiview Drawings 57

Single-View Drawings 60

Axonometric Projections 62

Oblique Projections 64

Perspective Drawings 65

Part 2 The Design Process: Transition from Concepts to Construction Drawings 75

Chapter 5. Concept Development and the Design Process 77

The Design Process: The Analysis Phase 78

The Synthesis Phase 80

Test Fit Plans 85

Part 3 Contract Documents 95

Chapter 6. Construction Drawings, Specifications, and Contracts 97

Specifications 98

Contracts 103

Contract Administration 103

Construction Drawings 108

Guidelines for Preparing Construction Drawings 114

Drawing Conventions and Representations 123

Modular Units 135

Chapter 7. As-Built Drawings and Demolition Plans 139

As-Built Drawings 139

Demolition Plans 148

Chapter 8. Floor Plans 155

Floor Plans in Modular Units 158

Wall and Partition Types and Construction 163

Scale of Floor Plans 167

Drafting Standards 168

Walls in Plan View 169

Doors and Windows in Plan View 169

Graphic and Text Notation on Floor Plans 177

Architectural Symbols 178

Dimensioning Floor Plans 180

Designation of Materials 183

Chapter 9. Building Codes, Fire, and Life Safety Plans 193

Building Code Compliance 193

Fire and Life Safety Plans 200

Chapter 10. Elevations 205

Exterior Elevations 205

Interior Elevations 206

Scale of Interior Elevations 207

Drafting Standards for Interior Elevations 208

Designation of Materials 212

Dimensioning Elevations 213

Chapter 11. Sections 225

Types of Section Drawings 225

Scale of Section Drawings 228

Drafting Standards 231

Building Sections 232

Sections of Interior Spaces 234

Wall Sections 235

Detail and Object Sections 238

Chapter 12. Specialty Drawings 241

Purpose Of specialty Drawings 241

Stairs and Ramps 241

Millwork 250

Cabinetry 256

Fireplaces 263

Chapter 13. Door andWindow Schedules 271

Doors 271

Door Classifications: Operation, Types, and Materials 271

Door Hardware 276

Door and Hardware Schedules 279

Windows 287

Window Schedules 288

Chapter 14. Finish Schedules and Finish Plans 293

Room-Finish Schedules 295

Finish Plans 297

Drafting Standards for Finish Plans 298

Chapter 15. Furniture Installation Plans 311

Planning for Furniture 311

Scale of Furniture Installation Plans 316

Drafting Standards for Furniture Installation Plans 317

Dimensioning Furniture Installation Plans 319

Designation of Materials 320

Chapter 16. Furnishings and Equipment Plans 325

Scale of Drawings 329

Drafting Standards 329

Dimensioning Furnishings And Equipment Plans 332

Chapter 17. Lighting: Reflected Ceiling and Electrical Plans 337

Lighting Design Process 341

General and Ambient Light Levels 346

Task and Accent Light Levels 347

Types of Lighting Systems 350

Fluorescent Lamps 353

High-Intensity Discharge Lamps 354

Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Lamps 354

Other Light Sources 354

The Reflected Ceiling Plan 355

Types of Ceiling Systems 357

Code Issues Affecting Lighting 364

Electrical or Power Plans 376

Part 4 Structural,Mechanical, and Plumbing Systems 385

Chapter 18. Structural Systems for Buildings 387

Building Foundations and Footings 388

Foundation Plans 389

Structural Walls and Columns 395

Floor and Roof Systems 395

Framing Plans 398

Floor Framing Plans 398

Roof Framing Plans 401

Roof Plans 403

Chapter 19. Mechanical and Plumbing Plans 409

Mechanical (HVAC) Plans 410

Scale of HVAC Plans 415

Drafting Standards For HVAC Plans 416

Designation of HVAC Materials 417

Plumbing Systems and Plans 422

Scale of Plumbing Drawings 426

Drafting Standards for Plumbing Drawings 426

Designation of Materials for Plumbing Plans 429

Dimensioning Plumbing Plans 429

Appendix A. Abbreviations for Construction Drawings 433

Appendix B. Selected 2010 ADA Design Standards 437

Appendix C. Trigonometric Functions: Sines and Cosines of Angles 443

Glossary 445

Index 457