Advances in Artificial Life

Name: Advances in Artificial Life | 10th European Conference, ECAL 2009, Budapest, Hungary, September 13-16, 2009, Revised Selected Papers
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10th European Conference, ECAL 2009, Budapest, Hungary, September 13-16, 2009, Revised Selected Papers

György Kampis István Karsai Eörs Szathmáry(Herausgeber*in)

Springer (Verlag)

Erschienen am 27. Mai 2011

XXII, 481 Seiten

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Inhalt

Title
Preface
Organization
Table of Contents
Group Selection
Investigations of Wilson's and Traulsen's Group Selection Models in Evolutionary Computation
Introduction
Algorithms Design
Investigations with the Algorithms
The Effects of Group Size and Initial Fraction of Cooperators
Weak vs. Strong Selection
Discussion
Conclusion
References
The Evolution of Division of Labor
Introduction
Methods
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
A Sequence-to-Function Map for Ribozyme-Catalyzed Metabolisms
Introduction
The RNA Sequence-to-Structure Map
The Mapping
Ribozyme-Catalyzed Artificial Metabolism
Results
Random Neutral Walk
Comparison
Discussion
References
Can Selfish Symbioses Effect Higher-Level Selection?
Introduction: Can Individual Selection Create Higher-Level Selection?
An Ecosystem Model with Evolved Symbioses
A Poly-ESS Ecological Dynamics
Results and Discussion
References
The Effect of Group Size and Frequency-of-Encounter on the Evolution of Cooperation
The Model
Methodology
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Moderate Contact between Sub-populations Promotes Evolved Assortativity Enabling Group Selection
Introduction
A Model of the Evolution of Assortative Markers under Some Degree of Spatial Segregation
Exploring the Behaviour of Two Sub-populations
Discussion
References
Evolution of Individual Group Size Preference Can Increase Group-Level Selection and Cooperation
Introduction
Modelling the Concurrent Evolution of Initial Group Size and Cooperative Behaviour
Within-Group Selection: Snowdrift and Prisoner's Dilemma Games
Results
Concluding Remarks
References
Ecosystems and Evolution
Implications of the Social Brain Hypothesis for Evolving Human-Like Cognition in Digital Organisms
Introduction
Patterns in the Evolution of Human-Like Cognition
Social Selection on Social Brains
Evolving Artificial Human-Like Cognition
Conclusions
References
Embodiment of Honeybee's Thermotaxis in a Mobile Robot Swarm
Introduction
Motivation and Problem Formulation
Derivation of the Bio-inspired Solution
Material and Method
Hardware and Electronics
Algorithms
Setup of the Experiment
Results and Discussion
Conclusion and Outlook
References
Positively versus Negatively Frequency-Dependent Selection
Introduction
Experiments and Analysis
Two Alleles
Three Alleles
Multiple Alleles
Crossover
Conclusion
References
Origins of Scaling in Genetic Code
Introduction - Coding Thresholds
Horizontal and Stigmergic Gene Transfer
Model
Extension of the Model and ``Readout'' Modeling
Results
Conclusions
References
Adaptive Walk on Fitness Soundscape
Introduction
Adaptive Walk on Fitness Soundscape
Prototype
Genetic Description of the Individual
Fitness Soundscape and Adaptive Walk
Functional Features for Enhancement of Adaptive Walk
Preliminary Evaluations
Conclusion
References
Breaking Waves in Population Flows
Introduction
The Model
Results and Discussion
Qualitative Behavior
Frequency Domain Analysis
Conclusions and Interpretation
References
Symbiosis Enables the Evolution of Rare Complexes in Structured Environments
Introduction
Modelling Symbiotic Variation
Model M-S: Continuous Associations, Parallelised
Simulation Experiments
Discussion
References
Growth of Structured Artificial Neural Networks by Virtual Embryogenesis
Introduction
Method
Concept of Adapting Virtual Embryogenesis for Controller Development
Results
Growth of Neurons
Translation
Discussion
Usability of Virtual Embryogenesis for Shaping of ANNs and Robot Controllers
Conclusion
References
Algorithms and Evolutionary Computation
The Microbial Genetic Algorithm
Introduction
GAs Stripped to the Minimum
Generational and Steady State GAs
Selection
Rank-Based and Tournament Selection
Who to Breed, Who to Die?
Microbial Sex
The Microbal GA
Trivial Geography
Program Code
Discussion
References
HybrID: A Hybridization of Indirect and Direct Encodings for Evolutionary Computation
Introduction
The Indirect and Direct Encodings and Their Hybridization
HyperNEAT, the Indirect Encoding
FT-NEAT, a Direct-Encoding Control
A HybrID of HyperNEAT and FT-NEAT
Results from Three Problem Domains
Discussion and Conclusion
References
An Analysis of Lamarckian Learning in Changing Environments
Introduction
Related Work
An Analytical Model
Experiments
Conclusions
References
Linguistic Selection of Language Strategies
Language Strategies and Language Systems
Language Strategies
Strategy Selection
Conclusion
References
Robots That Say 'No'
Introduction
Emergence of Negation in Human Language Development
Prerequisites for Grumpy Robots
Summary
References
A Genetic Programming Approach to an Appropriation Common Pool Game
Introduction
Related Research
Game Definition
Using GP to Co-evolve Agents in the Two Market Game:
Experiments
Results
GP Co-evolved Agents
Evolving against Naive Strategies
Discussion and Future Work
References
Using Pareto Front for a Consensus Building, Human Based, Genetic Algorithm
Introduction
The Unspoken Assumptions
The Algorithm
Limits, Problems and Variations
Partial Results and Conclusions
References
The Universal Constructor in the DigiHive Environment
Introduction
The DigiHive Environment
Functions
The Universal Constructor
Strategies of Self-reproduction
Conclusions and Further Research
References
A Local Behavior Identification Algorithm for Generative Network Automata Configurations
Introduction
Definitions and Assumptions
The Algorithm
Conclusions
References
Solving a Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows through the Asynchronous Situated Coevolution Algorithm
Motivation
Asynchronous Situated Coevolution
The Shipping Freight Problem
Experimental Setup
Results
Conclusions
References
Philosophy and Arts
Modeling Living Systems
Introduction
Autocatalytic Systems
Computational Interpretation
Infinite Autocatalytic Systems
Conclusions
References
Facing N-P Problems via Artificial Life: A Philosophical Appraisal
Life Is an N-P Problem
Engineering Life and AL
About Non-conventional Engineering
P Problems and N-P Problems within the Frame of AL
N-P Time and Complexity
References
Observer Based Emergence of Local Endo-time in Living Systems: Theoretical and Mathematical Reasoning
Introduction
Theoretical Treatment
Mathematical Treatment
Conclusions
References
Life and Its Close Relatives
Introduction
A-Life and Near-Life
Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
Some Examples of Near-Life
Hurricanes
Reaction-Diffusion Spots
Photocopiers
Discussion
Proposed Future Research
References
A Loosely Symmetric Model of Cognition
Introduction
Human Biases in Causal Induction and LS Model
The Models
The LS Model
Results
Application to Reinforcement Learning
The Settings for the Simulation
Non-deterministic Models
Results and Discussion
Concluding Remarks
References
Algorithmic Feasibility of Entity Recognition in Artificial Life
Background
The Framework
The Formal Structure of the Framework
Axioms of Entity Recognition
Computational Complexity of Entity Recognition
Computational Complexity of Entity Recognition Using Syntactic Constraints
Computational Complexity of Entity Recognition Using Semantic and Statistical Constraints
Conclusion and Further Work
References
Creative Agency: A Clearer Goal for Artificial Life in the Arts
Introduction
Defining Creative Agency
A Layered View of Traditional Dimensions of Creativity
Categorising Agency in Computational Creativity
Conclusion
References
Optimization, Action, and Agent Connectivity
Agent-Based Toy Modeling for Comparing Distributive and Competitive Free Market
Introduction
The Object-Oriented Agent-Based Toy Model
Distributive vs. Competitive Economy
Preliminary Results
Conclusions
References
Swarm Cognition and Artificial Life
Introduction
Background
Self-organisation in Biological Systems
Computational Neuroscience
Case Studies: From Collective Intelligence to Cognition
Swarm Cognition in Honey Bees
Decision-Making in Brains and Insect Colonies
The Artificial Life Approach
Beyond Connectionism
Embodiment and Swarm Robotics
Bridging the Gap between Behaviour and Cognition
Conclusions
References
Life Engine - Creating Artificial Life for Scientific and Entertainment Purposes
Introduction
Standard DEB Model
State Variables
Processes
Equation Set and Parameter Space
Generating Complexity
Conclusion
References
An Analysis of New Expert Knowledge Scaling Methods for Biologically Inspired Computing
Introduction
Use and Scaling of Expert Knowledge
Linear and Exponential Scaling
Data Simulation and Analysis
Results
Discussion
Implementation and Method Availability
References
Impoverished Empowerment: 'Meaningful' Action Sequence Generation through Bandwidth Limitation
Introduction
Information Theory
Empowerment
Empowerment with Limited Action Bandwidth
Goal
Scenario
Algorithm
Results
Noise Induced Behaviour Modifications
Building Long Action Sequences
Discussion
References
Influence of Promoter Length on Network Convergence in GRN-Based Evolutionary Algorithms
Introduction
Related Works
Gene Regulation Networks
Existing Methods
Research of Relevant Properties of GRNs
AGE
Experiments
Convergence of Sequence Length
How the Operator Affects Performance of the EA
Conclusion and Discussion
References
Cellular Automata Evolution of Leader Election
Introduction
Leader Election Problem
Cellular Automaton and Computational Mechanics
Evolution of Leader Election
Strategy of Mirror Particles
Conclusion
References
Update Dynamics, Strategy Exchanges and the Evolution of Cooperation in the Snowdrift Game
Introduction
The Model and Simulations Setup
Strategy Exchanges and Cooperation
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Learning in Minority Games with Multiple Resources
Introduction
The Standard Minority Game
Minority Games with Multiple Resources
Reinforcement Learning
Q-Learning
Experiments
Related Work
Q-Learning in the Minority Game
Experimental Setup
Results for Multiple Resources
Conclusion
References
Robustness of Market-Based Task Allocation in a Distributed Satellite System
Introduction
Model
Results
Performance
Robustness
Discussion
References
Hierarchical Behaviours: Getting the Most Bang for Your Bit
Introduction
Relevant Information
Grid-World Navigation Task
Environment
Policy Evolution
Hierarchical Policies
Memory
Temporally Extended Actions
Discussion and Future Work
References
The Common Stomach as a Center of Information Sharing for Nest Construction
Introduction
The Model
Results
Conclusions
References
Economics of Specialization in Honeybees
Introduction
Proximate Mechanism Models of DOL in Social Insects
Specific Honeybee Model
Simulation Experiments
Results
Discussion and Outlook
References
How Two Cooperating Robot Swarms Are Affected by Two Conflictive Aggregation Spots
Introduction
Methods
Results and Discussion
Summary and Outlook
References
A Minimalist Flocking Algorithm for Swarm Robots
Introduction
Material and Methods
Algorithm Requirements
Flocking Algorithm
Simulator
Results
Flocking Analysis
Aggregation Analyses
Discussion
References
Networks of Artificial Social Interactions
Introduction
Simulation of Evolution of Cooperation
Social Interaction Networks
Emergent Artificial Social Networks - Are These Scale-Free Networks?
Conclusions
References
Swarm Intelligence
An Ant-Based Rule for UMDA's Update Strategy
Introduction
Model-Based Search
UMDA and Diversity Loss
Experimental Setup and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Niche Particle Swarm Optimization for Neural Network Ensembles
Introduction
Methods for Training Neural Network Ensembles
GDE Method: Back Propagation Trained Ensemble
NPSOE Method: NichePSO Trained Ensemble
Experiments
Classification Tasks
Regression Tasks
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
Chaotic Patterns in Crowd Simulation
Introduction
Outline of Model Formalization
A Netlogo Implementation of the Model: Comparing the Dynamics of the Mode and the Anti-mode
Discussion: On the Role of the Own Opinion
References
Simulating Swarm Robots for Collision Avoidance Problem Based on a Dynamic Bayesian Network
Introduction
Collision Avoidance Problem
Definition
Controller
Simulator Based on the Dynamic Bayesian Network
Dynamic Bayesian Network
Structure of Our DBN
Experimental Results
Measurement Experiment
Simulation
Conclusion
References
Hybridizing River Formation Dynamics and Ant Colony Optimization
Introduction
Brief Introduction to River Formation Dynamics
Problem Definition
Implementation of the Hybrid Method and Experimental Results
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Landmark Navigation Using Sector-Based Image Matching
Introduction
Method
Experiments
Conclusion
References
A New Approach for Auto-organizing a Groups of Artificial Ants
Introduction
From Real to Artificial Ants : `AntTree Algorithm'
Biological Inspiration
Artificial Ants
Artificial Ants and Self-Organizing Map
A New Similarity Measure
Validation
Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Author Index

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