Shariah and the Halal Industry

CONTENTS Introduction Summary and Overview - World Halal Market - Religion and Culture - Harm (Darar) and Repulsiveness (Khubth) - Meat Eating Then and Now PART ONE: Shariah Perspectives Introductory Remarks I. Shariah, Meaning, History, and Sources II. The Principle of Original Permissibility (Ibahah) III. The Permissible (Mubah, also Halal and Ja'iz) IV. Halal and Tayyib Compared - Tayyib in Scholastic Jurisprudence - Tayyib Beyond Victuals - Tayyib in Halal Standards Malaysia - Tayyib, Spirituality and Fitrah V. The Principle of Original Cleanliness (Taharah) VI. The Prohibited (Haram) - Classifications of Haram - The Grounds of Haram - Manifest Harm (Darar) - Intoxication - Filth, Impurity and Natural Revulsion (najis, rijs, khaba'ith, mustaqdharat) - Unlawful Acquisition - Mixing of Halal and Haram VII. Haram, Permanence and Change: The Principle of Substance Transformation (Istihalah) VIII. Extreme Dilution (Istihlak) IX. Necessity (Darurah) and Forgetfulness (Nisyan) X. The Reprehensible (Makruh) XI. The Recommended (Mandub) XII. Requirements of a Valid Slaughter XIII. Grey Areas and Doubtful Matters - (al-Shubhat, Mashbuh, Mashkuk) - Gelatine - Lard - Insulin - Pig Hair and Skin - Doubtful Ingredients and Additives - Food Additives - Food Ingredients - (Halal E-Codes) XIV. The Role of Custom ('Urf) XV. Meat, Poultry, Seafood and Dairy Products - Birds - Fish and Marine Life - Insects and Worms XVI. Fatwa Issuance in Shariah XVII. Selection (Takhayyur) XVIII. Piecing Together (Talfiq) XIX. Legal Maxims on Halal and Haram XX. Islam and Science - Introductory Remarks - Stunning and Halal Slaughtering - Halal Vaccines - Genetically Modified Organisms - Meat Eating then and Now: Environmental Impacts of Meat Eating PART TWO: Halal Industry in Malaysia Introductory Remarks XXI. Milestones of Development - Halal Standards - Halal Certificates - Halal Parks - Halal Pharmaceuticals - Disparity Issues in the Management of Halal Industry XXII. Fatwa Issuance in Malaysia PART THREE Regional and International Developments Introductory Remarks XXIII. Halal in Indonesia, Thailand, New Zealand and Japan XXIV. Imported Meat XXV. Halal Tourism - Introductory Remarks - Shifting Patterns in International Tourism - Values, Places and Facilities - Halal Tourism or Islamic Tourism? - Halal Tourism in Malaysia and Turkey - Halalphobia and Halal Reputation Risk XXVI. Conclusion and Recommendations Bibliography Glossary Index Appendix I: Qur'anic Verses in Arabic Appendix II: Hadith Passages in Arabic Appendix III: Islamic Legal Maxims in Arabic Appendix IV: Diarlel Research