I
1 What Went Wrong? The Backstory 3
2 The Path Forward 21
II
3 Constraints: An Introduction 35
4 Context-Independent Constraints 49
5 Why Context Matters--An Interlude 59
6 Context-Dependent Constraints 67
7 Catalysts, Loops, and Closure 87
8 An Abundance of Constraints 103
9 Persistence--Delaying the Second Law 129
10 Sedimentation and Entrenchment 143
11 Many-to-One Transitions, Effective and Analog Control 155
12 Of Holons, Holarchy, Heterarchy, and Hierarchy 177
III
13 The Backstory, Today 197
14 Multiple Realization and Supervenience: A Philosophical Case Study about Constraints 211
15 Empirical Research on Delayed Response: Neuroscience Case Studies about Constraints 223
16 Concluding Remarks 233
Notes 239
References 247
Index 263
