Sustainable Dairy Production

Preface ix
Contributors xi
1 Introduction 1
Peter de Jong
1.1 Sustainability and the dairy industry: hype or trend? 2
1.2 Quantifying the issue: measuring footprints 4
1.3 Communication: telling the whole story 5
1.4 Structure of this book 6
References 8
2 Greenhouse gas emissions from global dairy production9
Theun V. Vellinga, Pierre Gerber and Carolyn Opio
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Methods for calculating emissions 11
2.3 Total emissions of the dairy sector 14
2.4 Discussion 26
References 28
3 Life cycle assessment 31
Maartje N. Sevenster
3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 Current life cycle assessment 32
3.3 Life cycle assessment in application 37
3.4 Life cycle assessment of dairy products 41
3.5 Life cycle assessment in strategy and policy 50
Acknowledgements 51
References 52
4 Sustainability and resilience of the dairy sector in achanging world: a farm economic and EU perspective 55
Roel Jongeneel and Louis Slangen
4.1 Introduction 56
4.2 Dairy economics and sustainability 62
4.3 Sustainability evaluation of the EU dairy sector 71
4.4 Agricultural policy 79
4.5 Conclusion 83
References 85
5 Dairy processing 87
Arjan J. van Asselt and Michael G. Weeks
5.1 Introduction 87
5.2 Key unit operations and their water and energy use 89
5.3 Possibilities for optimisation 101
5.4 Revisiting dairy processing: breakthrough technologies114
References 117
6 The role of packaging in a sustainable dairy chain119
Erika Mink
6.1 Introduction 120
6.2 Packaging sustainability: a growing market expectation123
6.3 Packaging's contribution to dairy sustainability130
6.4 Global alignment of packaging requirements: implications fordairy 139
6.5 A company response: the example of Tetra Pak 150
6.6 Outlook: growing importance of economic and social pillarsof sustainability 158
References 160
7 The business case for sustainable dairy products163
Jaap Petraeus
7.1 Introduction 163
7.2 From a process-driven to a product-driven approach 164
7.3 Success factors for creating more sustainable processes andproducts 169
7.4 Implementation of sustainability within the company 175
7.5 The business case for sustainability 180
7.6 Policy and strategy adopted by different dairy companies183
7.7 Looking to the future 183
7.8 Conclusion 184
References 186
Appendix: Overview of the sustainability policy and strategy ofvarious companies 187
8 A case study of marketing sustainability 191
Grietsje Hoekstra, Corine Kroft and Klaas Jan van Calker
8.1 Introduction 191
8.2 What is sustainability? 193
8.3 Motivations for sustainability 196
8.4 Choose your battles: sustainability strategy issues 198
8.5 Getting to work 203
8.6 Communicating sustainability 212
8.7 Conclusion 217
Acknowledgement 218
References 219
9 Cradle to Cradle for innovations in the dairy industry221
Wil A.M. Duivenvoorden
9.1 Introduction 222
9.2 A tool for C2C®-driven innovation (PROPER model)229
9.3 Cradle to Cradle for the dairy industry 232
9.4 Conclusion 238
References 241
10 The future of sustainable dairy production 243
Peter de Jong
10.1 Future relevance of sustainable dairy 243
10.2 Next steps in chain innovation 244
10.3 Communication and marketing 247
10.4 Business case: people, planet and profit 247
10.5 Conclusion 249
References 250
Index 251