Gastrointestinal Physiology E-Book

Chapter 1 Regulation: Peptides of the Gastrointestinal Tract Objectives General Characteristics Discovery Chemistry Distribution and Release Actions and Interactions Candidate Hormones Neurocrines Paracrines Clinical Applications Clinical Tests Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 2 Regulation: Nerves and Smooth Muscle Objectives Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System Neurohumoral Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function Anatomy of the Smooth Muscle Cell Smooth Muscle Contraction Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 3 Swallowing Objectives Chewing Pharyngeal Phase Esophageal Peristalsis Receptive Relaxation of the Stomach Clinical Applications Clinical Tests Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 4 Gastric Emptying Objectives Anatomic Considerations Contractions of the Orad Region of the Stomach Contractions of the Caudad Region of the Stomach Contractions of the GastroduodenalJunction Contractions of the Proximal Duodenum Regulation of Gastric Emptying Clinical Applications Clinical Tests Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 5 Motility of the Small Intestine Objectives Anatomic Considerations Types of Contractions Patterns of Contractions Vomiting Clinical Applications Clinical Tests Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 6 Motility of the Large Intestine Objectives Anatomic Considerations Contractions of the Cecum and Ascending Colon Contractions of the Descending and Sigmoid Colon Motility of the Rectum and Anal Canal Control of Motility Clinical Significance Clinical Tests Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 7 Salivary Secretion Objectives Functions of Saliva Anatomy and Innervation of the Salivary Glands Composition of Saliva Regulation of Salivary Secretion Clinical Correlation Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 8 Gastric Secretion Objectives Functional Anatomy Secretion of Acid Origin of the Electrical Potential Difference Electrolytes of Gastric Juice Stimulants of Acid Secretion Stimulation of Acid Secretion Inhibition of Acid Secretion Pepsin Mucus Intrinsic Factor Growth of the Mucosa Clinical Applications Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 9 Pancreatic Secretion Objectives Functional Anatomy Mechanisms of Fluid and Electrolyte Secretion Mechanisms of Enzyme Secretion Regulation of Secretion Cellular Basis for Potentiation Response to a Meal Clinical Applications Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 10 Bile Secretion and Gallbladder Function Objectives Overview of the Biliary System Constituents of Bile Bile Secretion Gallbladder Function Expulsion of Bile Clinical Applications Clinical Tests Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 11 Digestion and Absorption OF NUTRIENTS Objectives Structural-Functional Associations Digestion Absorption Adaptation of Digestive and Absorptive Processes Carbohydrate Assimilation Protein Assimilation Lipid Assimilation Vitamins Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 12 Fluid and Electrolyte Absorption Objectives Bidirectional Fluid FluX Ionic Content of Luminal Fluid Transport Routes and Processes Mechanism for Water Absorption and Secretion Intestinal Secretion Clinical Applications Calcium Absorption Iron Absorption Summary Key Words and Concepts Chapter 13 Regulation of Food Intake Objectives Appetite Control The Nervous System The Endocrine System The Gastrointestinal System Clinical Applications Summary Key Words and Concepts Appendix A Answer to Self-Study Problems Appendix B Comprehensive Multiple-Choice Review Examination Index